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The correct answer is option 2 i.e. 1897 A.D.

Key Points

• Ramakrishna Paramahamsa
• The teachings of Ramakrishna Paramahamsa (1836- 1886), a poor priest at the Kali temple in Dakshineshwar, on the outskirts of Calcutta (who was known in childhood as Gadadhar Chattopadhyay) found many followers.
• Ramakrishna experienced spiritual trances (ecstasy) from a very early age and is considered to have attained the highest spiritual experience available to Hindus.
• He did not write books, but his conversations with people formed the basis of what were considered his teachings; spoke simply, in the form of parables and metaphors, drawn from the observation of ordinary life and nature. But what he said was of universal relevance.
• Two objectives of the Ramakrishna movement were—

1. To bring into existence a band of monks dedicated to a life of renunciation and practical spirituality, from among whom teachers and workers would be sent out to spread the universal message of Vedanta as illustrated in the life of Ramakrishna, and
2. In conjunction with lay disciples to carry on preaching, philanthropic and charitable works, looking upon all men, women and children, irrespective of caste, creed or colour, as veritable manifestations of the Divine.

• Paramahamsa himself laid the foundations of the Ramakrishna Math with his young monastic disciples as a nucleus to fulfil the first objective.
• The second objective was taken up by Swami Vivekananda after Ramakrishna’s death when he founded the Ramakrishna Mission in 1897.
• The headquarters of the Ramakrishna Math and Mission are at Belur near Calcutta. The two are twin organisations, though legally and financially separate.

Additional Information

• Swami Vivekananda
• Narendranath Datta (1863-1902), who later came to be known as Swami Vivekananda spread Ramakrishna’s message and tried to reconcile it to the needs of contemporary Indian society and emerged as the preacher of neo-Hinduism.
• Certain spiritual experiences of Ramakrishna, the teachings of the Upanishads and the Gita and the examples of the Buddha and Jesus are the basis of Vivekananda’s message to the world about human values.
• He subscribed to the Vedanta which he considered a fully rational system with a superior approach. His mission was to bridge the gulf between paramartha (service) and vyavahara (behaviour), and between spirituality and day-to-day life.
• At the Parliament of Religions held at Chicago in 1893, Swami Vivekananda made a great impression on people by his learned interpretations. The keynote of his opening address was the need for a healthy balance between spiritualism and materialism.
• Envisaging a new culture for the whole world, he called for a blend of the materialism of the West and the spiritualism of the East into a new harmony to produce happiness for mankind.
• Vivekananda gave several lectures on Vedanta in the USA and in London before returning to India in 1897.
• In India he delivered a series of lectures, the focus of which were to infuse into the new generation a sense of pride in India’s past, a new faith in India’s culture, and a rare sense of confidence in India’s future; to bring about a unification of Hinduism by pointing out the common foundation of its sects; to make the educated people see the misery of the downtrodden and work for their uplift by the application of practical Vedanta principles.
• His emphasis was not only on personal salvation, but also on social good and reform.
• In 1897 he founded the Ramakrishna Mission.
• Vivekananda was a great humanist and used the Ramakrishna Mission for humanitarian relief and social work.
• The Mission stands for religious and social reform.
• Vivekananda advocated the doctrine of service—the service of all beings.
• The service of jiva (living objects) is the worship of Siva.

The correct answer is Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar.

Barnaparichay or Barna Parichay (1855) is a Bengali primer (a small book for teaching children to read) written by social reformer Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar and considered as "the most influential primer of Bengal".

The correct answer is Earthworm.

• In earthworm, blood glands produce blood cells and haemoglobin which is dissolved in blood plasma and gives the blood-red colour.
• Animals such as sponges and hydra do not posses any circulatory system.
• The water in which they live brings food and oxygen as it enters their bodies and carries away waste materials and carbon dioxide as it moves out. Thus, these animals do not need a circulatory fluid like the blood.
• The blood of snail is blue in colour due to the presence of haemocyanin which contains copper.

Shortcut Trick

Ratio of interior angles ∠A : ∠B = 1 : (2/3) = 3 : 2.

Using Exterior Angle Theorem: ∠A + ∠B = ∠ACD.

Total units = 3 + 2 = 5 units.

5 units = 120° ⇒ 1 unit = 24°.

∠BAC = 3 units = 3 × 24° = 72°.

∴ The correct answer is 72°.

Alternate Method

Given: Exterior angle ∠ACD = 120° and ∠B = (2/3) ∠A.

Formula Used: Exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the two opposite interior angles.

Calculations:

⇒ Let ∠BAC = x.

⇒ Then, ∠ABC = (2/3)x.

⇒ According to the theorem, ∠BAC + ∠ABC = ∠ACD.

⇒ x + (2/3)x = 120°

⇒ (5/3)x = 120°

⇒ 5x = 120° × 3

⇒ 5x = 360°

⇒ x = 360° ÷ 5

⇒ x = 72°

∴ The correct answer is 72°.

Additional Information

Exterior Angle Theorem

The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of its two remote interior angles (∠Ext = ∠Int1 + ∠Int2).

Angle Sum Property

The sum of all interior angles of a triangle is always 180° (∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180°).

Linear Pair

The sum of an interior angle and its adjacent exterior angle is 180° because they form a linear pair on a straight line.

The correct answer is option 4 i.e. along the lee ward slope.

• When the saturated air mass comes across a mountain, it is forced to ascend and as it rises, it expands; the temperature falls, and the moisture is condensed.
• The chief characteristic of this sort of rain is that the windward slopes receive greater rainfall.
• After giving rain on the windward side, when these winds reach the other slope, they descend, and their temperature rises.
• Then their capacity to take in moisture increases and hence, these leeward slopes remain rainless and dry.
• The area situated on the leeward side, which gets less rainfall is known as the rain-shadow area.
• It is also known as the relief rain.

The correct answer is option 2 i.e. Bass Channel.

• Tasmania is an island state of Australia located 240 km to the south of the Australian mainland and is separated by Bass Channel.
• George Bass left Sydney in an open boat in December 1797 to explore the southeast coast of Australia and reached Western Port in Victoria.
• On his return to Sydney, he reported his conviction that a strait existed, and was instructed to return for conclusive proof.
• Bass and Flinders sailed from Sydney on the Norfolk on 7 October 1798 and returned three months later having successfully circumnavigated Tasmania.
• The Cook Strait is a strait separating the North and South islands of New Zealand, extending northwest to southeast from the Tasman Sea to the south Pacific Ocean.
• The Bering Strait is a strait of the Pacific, which separates Russia and the United States slightly south of the Arctic Circle.
• The Luzon Strait is a strait extending for more than 320 km between the islands of Taiwan (north) and Luzon, Philippines (south) that connects the South China Sea (west) with the Philippine Sea (east) and is on a main shipping route.

Calculation:

2∠A = 3∠B = 6∠C

⇒ LCM(2, 3, 6) = 6

Divide by 6

⇒ 2∠A/6 = 3∠B/6 = 6∠C/6

(1/3)∠A = (1/2)∠B = ∠C

∠A = 3∠C, ∠B = 2∠C

Now, ∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180° 

6∠C = 180° or ∠C = 30° , Now since ∠A = 3∠C, ∠B = 2∠C

∴ ∠C = 30° = smallest angle

Calculation:

In ΔABC, Construct AD median

In right-angled triangle ΔADB,

∠ADB = 90° 

Using Pythagoras, Hypotenuse AB will always be greater than Perpendicular AD and base BD

∴ AB > AD is always true.

Calculation:

Ratio of its internal to external angle is 7: 2

Interior angle = 7x and Exterior angle = 2x.

2x + 7x = 180° (Interior angle + Exterior angle = 180°)

⇒ 9x = 180

⇒ x = 180/9 = 20

⇒ Interior angle = 140°

⇒ Exterior angle = 40°

Number of sides = 360/exterior angle

∴ Number of sides = 360°/40° = 9

The correct answer is option 2 i.e. Nerve cell.

• In multicellular organisms, cell division is the means of tissue growth and maintenance.
• The growth and division of different cell populations are regulated in different ways, but the basic mechanisms are similar throughout multicellular organisms.
• Most tissues of the body grow by increasing their cell number, but this growth is highly regulated to maintain a balance between different tissues.
• In adults most cell division is involved in tissue renewal rather than growth, many types of cells undergoing continuous replacement.
• Skin cells, for example, are constantly being sloughed off and replaced; in this case, the mature differentiated cells do not divide, but their population is renewed by division of immature stem cells.
• In certain other cells, such as those of the liver, mature cells remain capable of division to allow growth or regeneration after injury.
• In contrast to these patterns, other types of cells either cannot divide or are prevented from dividing by certain molecules produced by nearby cells
• As a result, in the adult organism, some tissues have a greatly reduced capacity to renew damaged or diseased cells.
• Examples of such tissues include heart muscle, nerve cells of the central nervous system, and lens cells in mammals.
• Maintenance and repair of these cells is limited to replacing intracellular components rather than replacing entire cells.