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The correct answer is Hearing.

Logic:

⇒ Stammering prevents delivering speech properly.

⇒ In a similar way deafness prevents proper hearing of sounds.

⇒ Ear is used to listen to sound.

⇒ Noise is used to take breathing.

⇒ Commotion means great noise or excitement.

Hence, Hearing is the correct match for deafness.

The correct answer is Darjeeling

Solution:

• The sex ratio is defined as the number of females per 1,000 male population.
• According to the census 2011 West Bengal child sex ratio was 950.
• While the child sex ratio of West Bengal declined from 960 in 2001 to 955 in 2011.
• According to Census 2011, the sex ratio of West Bengal is 950, which is greater than the national average of 943. The district with highest sex ratio in the state is Darjeeling i.e. 970. The district of Kolkata has the lowest sex ratio of 908
• In 2001 sex ratio in India was 933 which became 940 in 2011. On the other hand, the child sex ratio was 927 in 2001, declining to 919 in 2011.
• The state of West Bengal has been selected as a study area which is located between 21°25' to 26°50' north latitudes and 86°30' to 89°58' east longitudes with three international boundaries i.e., Bangladesh, Nepal and Bhutan.
• West Bengal occupies a geographical area of about 88,752 sq. km.

The correct answer is Shamsuddin Iltutmish.

Key PointsShamsuddin Iltutmish​:-

• Shamsuddin Iltutmish introduced the silver coin (tanka) and the copper coin (jital).
• Shamsuddin Iltutmishorganized Iqta, army, currency and other most important organs of Delhi Sultanate.
• Iltutmish was sold into slavery but married the daughter of his master, Quṭb al-Dīn Aibak, whom he succeeded in 1211.
• He was the first Muslim sovereign to rule from Delhi and is thus considered the effective founder of the Delhi Sultanate.
• He gave an excellent education to his daughter Raziyyah.
• Razia Sultan was the first and last Muslim woman ruler of Medieval India.

Additional Information

• Ghiyasud Din Balban was the regent of the last Shamsi sultan, Nasiruddin Mahmud. He got rid of his predecessor Imaduddin Raihan and also got rid of this rival in the court.
• Muḥammad ibn Tughluq, (born c. 1290, Delhi, India—died March 20, 1351, Sonda, Sindh [now in Pakistan]), the second sultan of the Tughluq dynasty (reigned 1325–51), who briefly extended the rule of the Delhi sultanate of northern India over most of the subcontinent.
• Alaud-Dīn Khaljī (r. 1296–1316), also called Alauddin Khilji, born Ali Gurshasp, was a ruler from the Khalji dynasty that ruled the Delhi Sultanate in the Indian subcontinent. Alauddin instituted a number of significant administrative changes, related to revenues, price controls, and society.

The correct answer is November 26, 1949.

Key Points

• The Republic is governed in terms of the Constitution of India which was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26^th November, 1949 and came into force on 26^th January, 1950. Hence, option 2 is correct.
• India, also known as Bharat, is a Union of States. It is a Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic with a parliamentary system of government.
• The Constitution provides for a Parliamentary form of government which is federal in structure with certain unitary features. The constitutional head of the Executive of the Union is the President.
• As per Article 79 of the Constitution of India, the council of the Parliament of the Union consists of the President and two Houses are known as the Council of States (Rajya Sabha) and the House of the People (Lok Sabha).
• Article 74(1) of the Constitution provides that there shall be a Council of Ministers with the Prime Minister as its head to aid and advise the President, who shall exercise his/her functions in accordance to the advice.
• The real executive power is thus vested in the Council of Ministers with the Prime Minister as its head.

The correct answer is option 1.

Key Points

• This most ancient text describes the Moriyas as Kshatriyas, ruling over a small territory named Pippalivana, situated between Buddha's birth place and the place of his death, namely Kusinagara. Pair 1 is correct.
• The name Mithila is commonly used to refer to the Videha Kingdom, as well as to the modern-day territories that fall within the ancient boundaries of Videha. Pair 2 is correct.
• According to the Jataka stories, (Buddhist story books giving the account of different births of the Buddha), Vaishali was ruled by some 7707 kings of the Lichchavi clan. Pair 3 is correct.
• Ajatshatru, the great Magadh King, annexed Vaishali in the fifth century BC and after that Vaishali gradually lost its glory and power.
• Kapilavastu was an ancient city in the north of the Indian subcontinent which was the capital of the clan gaṇasaṅgha or "republic" of the Shakyas in the late Iron Age, around the 6^th and 5^th centuries BC. Pair 4 is not correct.

Hence, pairs 1, 2 and 3 are correctly matched. 

Additional Information

• Malla Kingdom was situated in the Gangatic plain between the Kosala and Videha. The epic Mahabharata speaks about a Malla conquered by the Pandava Bhima during his military campaign through the eastern kingdoms to collect tribute for King Yudhishthira's Rajasuya sacrifice.

The correct answer is Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.

Key Points

• The Bardoli Satyagraha, was a farmers' agitation and nationalist movement in India against the increased taxation of farmers by the colonial government.
• It demanded a cancellation of the 22% tax hike being levied in Bombay Presidency.
• The movement began on 12 June 1928. It was eventually led by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, and its success gave rise to Patel becoming one of the main leaders of the independence movement. Hence, option 2 is correct.
• Patel first wrote to the Governor of Bombay, asking him to reduce the taxes for the year in phase of the calamities. But the Governor ignored the letter and reciprocated by announcing the date of collection.
• The movement also paved the foundation for the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1930, emphasised by the revolutionary Dandi March two years later.
• Initially, the 'Merta Bandhus '(Kalyan Ji and Kunwar Ji) and Dayal Ji of Bardoli Taluka started the movement in 1922 to support the cause of the farmers.
• The local Congress party also published a report in 1927 to depict the economic distress of the farmers, but the Bombay Presidency Government didn't reconsider its decision.
• Sardar Patel also informed the peasants about the possible repercussions of the Satyagraha, for example, the confiscation of land and property and imprisonment.

The correct answer is Gorakhpur.

Key Points

• The Chauri Chaura incident occurred at Chauri Chaura in the Gorakhpur district of the United Province, (modern Uttar Pradesh) in British India. Hence, option 4 is correct.
• On 4 February 1922, when a large group of protesters, participating in the Non-cooperation movement, clashed with police, who opened fire.
• In retaliation the demonstrators attacked and set fire to a police station, killing all of its occupants.
• The incident led to the deaths of three civilians and 23 policemen.
• Mahatma Gandhi, who was strictly against violence, halted the Non-cooperation Movement on the national level on 12 February 1922, as a direct result of this incident.
• From 1920 onwards, Indians, led by Mahatma Gandhi, were engaged in a nationwide non-cooperation movement.
• Using non-violent methods of civil disobedience known as Satyagraha, protests were organised by the Indian National Congress to challenge oppressive government regulatory measures such as the Rowlatt Act, with the ultimate goal of attaining Swaraj (home rule).

The correct answer is 23.

Key Points

• West Bengal is now divided into 23 districts which includes the newly formed Alipurduar district (formed on 25 June 2014), Kalimpong district (formed on 14 February 2017), Jhargram district (formed on 4 April 2017). Hence, option 3 is correct.
• And the splitting of the former Bardhaman district into Purba Bardhaman district and Paschim Bardhaman.
• The Himalayas lies in the north of West Bengal and the Bay of Bengal is in the south.
• Between them, the river Ganga flows eastwards and its main distributary, the Hooghly River, flows south to reach the Bay of Bengal.
• The Siliguri Corridor, which connects North-East India with rest of the India, lies in the North Bengal region of the state.
• In 1947, when India gained independence, the state of West Bengal was formed, with 14 districts, as per the partition plan of the then Bengal province of British India.

The Name of the Districts are as follows:-

Additional Information

• The West Bengal cabinet has approved the creation of seven new districts in the state, Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee said on August 1, 2022. This will take the number of districts in West Bengal to 30 from the existing 23.

The correct answer is Salim.

Key Points

• Abul Fazl was murdered on the orders of Prince Salim in 1602 because Prince Salim considered him an obstruction in his path of becoming the emperor. Hence, option 2 is correct.
• Vir Singh Bundela was hired by Prince Salim to accomplish this task. He later became the ruler of Orchha.

Abul Fazal

• He was the younger brother of Faizi and one of the Navratnas in the court of Akbar.
• He was the author of Akbarnama, in which he has given the history from Akbar's forefather Timur to Akbar's reign till 1602.

Additional Information 

Prince Salim

• He was the eldest surviving son of the emperor Akbar and his imperial name was Jahangir.
• He succeeded Akbar and was the fourth ruler of the Mughal Dynasty who ruled from 1605-1627.

Abdur Rahim Khan-i-Khanan

• He was the son of Bairam Khan (Akbar's trusted mentor and guardian) and a poet during the rule of Emperor Akbar.
• He was a Dewan in Akbar's court and also one of the Navratnas.
• He was simply called Rahim and is known for his Hindi dohe.

 Prince Murad

• He was the second surviving son of the emperor Akbar after Prince Salim.
• He was the first Mughal to acquire education from western Jesuit priests after acquiring education from Abul Fazl.

Prince Daniyal

• He was the third son of the emperor Akbar and brother of Prince Salim and Prince Murad.
• He was given the charge of Deccan.
• He was an accomplished poet and used to write in Hindi and Persian.
• He died at the young age of 32 years due to problems relating to alcoholism.

The correct answer is 1932.

Key Points

• The Poona Pact was an agreement between Mahatma Gandhi and Dr B. R. Ambedkar on behalf of Dalits, depressed classes, and upper-caste Hindu leaders on the reservation of electoral seats for the depressed classes in the legislature of British India in 1932. Hence, option 2 is correct.
• It was signed by Madan Mohan Malviya on the behalf of Mahatma Gandhi and B.R. Ambedkar at Yerwada Central Jail in Pune.
• Poona Pact, (September 24, 1932), was an agreement between Hindu leaders in India granting new rights to Dalits (low-caste Hindu groups then often labelled “untouchables”).
• This Pact ended the fast that Gandhi had undertaken in jail to protest against British Prime Minister Ramsay Macdonald’s award of a separate electorate to the Depressed Classes.
• It was signed during the time of Lord Willington.