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The correct answer is 61^st Constitutional Amendment Act, 1988.

Key Points

• The 61^st Constitutional Amendment Act, 1988, reduced the voting age for elections to the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies in India from 21 years to 18 years.
• This amendment was introduced to provide greater representation to the youth in the democratic process and to encourage their participation in electoral politics.
• The primary objective of this amendment was to align with the principle of universal adult suffrage by lowering the minimum age for voting.
• The amendment modified Article 326 of the Indian Constitution, which deals with elections to the House of the People and State Legislative Assemblies on the basis of adult suffrage.
• It was passed by the Rajiv Gandhi-led government and symbolized a significant step toward inclusivity in Indian democracy.

Additional Information

• 42^nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976
• Known as the "Mini Constitution," it brought significant changes to the Indian Constitution during the Emergency period (1975-77).
• It gave primacy to the Directive Principles of State Policy over Fundamental Rights and introduced fundamental duties under Part IVA (Article 51A).
• It also extended the tenure of the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies from 5 years to 6 years, though this was later reversed by the 44^th Amendment Act.
• 34^th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1974
• This amendment added 20 land reform laws of various states to the Ninth Schedule of the Constitution.
• The Ninth Schedule protects legislation from being challenged in courts on the grounds of violation of Fundamental Rights.
• 24^th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1971
• This amendment affirmed the Parliament's power to amend any part of the Constitution, including Fundamental Rights.
• It was passed to counter the Supreme Court's judgment in the Golaknath case (1967), which limited Parliament's amending power.

The correct answer is France.

Key Points

• The Statue of Liberty was gifted to the United States by France as a symbol of friendship between the two nations and to celebrate the centennial of American independence.
• It was designed by French sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi, with the internal structure engineered by Gustave Eiffel, who is also known for designing the Eiffel Tower.
• The statue was completed in France in 1884, disassembled, and shipped to the United States in 1885 aboard the French frigate "Isère."
• It was reassembled and officially dedicated on October 28, 1886, on Liberty Island in New York Harbor.
• The Statue of Liberty is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and serves as a global symbol of freedom and democracy.

Additional Information

• Option 1: Poland
• Poland has contributed significantly to global history, particularly during World War II and the Cold War era, but it did not gift the Statue of Liberty to the United States.
• Poland is known for its cultural heritage, including the Wieliczka Salt Mine and its historical cities like Kraków and Warsaw.
• Option 2: Ukraine
• Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe known for its rich history and cultural sites, such as the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra and Lviv’s historic center.
• Ukraine has no connection to the Statue of Liberty but is renowned for its independence struggle and contributions to science and art.
• Option 4: Japan
• Japan is known for its technological advancements, cultural heritage, and iconic landmarks like Mount Fuji and Tokyo Tower.
• Japan has no historical link to the Statue of Liberty but has been a close ally of the United States, especially post-World War II.
• Main Theme: Statue of Liberty
• The Statue of Liberty, officially titled "Liberty Enlightening the World," stands 305 feet tall and represents Libertas, the Roman goddess of freedom.
• The torch and tablet symbolize enlightenment and law, respectively, and the broken chains at the statue's feet signify freedom from oppression.
• It is one of the most recognizable landmarks in the world and a popular tourist destination.

The correct answer is Igneous Rocks.

Key Points

• Igneous rocks are the oldest type of rocks on Earth, formed directly from the solidification of molten magma or lava.
• They originate from deep within the Earth’s crust or mantle and are formed through processes such as volcanic activity and cooling of magma.
• Examples of igneous rocks include granite, basalt, and obsidian, which are formed either beneath the Earth's surface (plutonic) or above it (volcanic).
• These rocks are referred to as "primary rocks" because they are the first solid material formed on Earth, providing the basis for the formation of sedimentary and metamorphic rocks.
• Igneous rocks are classified into two categories: intrusive (plutonic) and extrusive (volcanic), depending on where the magma cools and solidifies.

Additional Information

• Plutonic Rocks:
• Plutonic rocks are a type of igneous rock that form deep beneath the Earth's surface due to the slow cooling of magma.
• Examples include granite and diorite. These rocks are coarse-grained due to the prolonged cooling process, allowing larger crystals to form.
• While plutonic rocks are ancient, they are a subset of igneous rocks and are not the oldest type overall.
• Sedimentary Rocks:
• Sedimentary rocks are formed from the accumulation and compaction of mineral and organic particles over time.
• These rocks are secondary and derive from pre-existing rocks (igneous, metamorphic, or sedimentary) that undergo weathering, erosion, deposition, and lithification.
• Examples include sandstone, shale, and limestone.
• They are not as ancient as igneous rocks because their formation depends on the existence of other rocks.
• Metamorphic Rocks:
• Metamorphic rocks are formed when existing rocks (igneous, sedimentary, or other metamorphic rocks) undergo changes due to intense heat, pressure, or chemical activity.
• Examples include marble (from limestone) and schist (from shale).
• Metamorphic rocks are not the most ancient type because their formation requires pre-existing rocks to undergo transformation.

Given: Five girls M, N, O, P and Q are standing in a row. 

1. P is on the right of Q.

2. N is on the left of Q but is on the right of M.

3. P is on the left of O. 

Thus, M is standing on the extreme left.

Hence, "Option 4" is the correct answer.

Answer: Stock Exchange.

Key Points

• The terms 'Bull' and 'Bear' are commonly used in the stock market.
• A 'bull' market is one in which prices are rising or expected to rise, while a 'bear' market is one in which prices are falling or expected to fall.

Given:

Difference between Compound Interest (CI) and Simple Interest (SI) for 2 years = ₹122

Rate of Interest (r) = 5% p.a.

Time (t) = 2 years

Formula used:

CI - SI = P × \(\frac{r^2}{100^2}\)

Calculation:

122 = P × \(\frac{5^2}{100^2}\)

⇒ 122 = P × \(\frac{25}{10000}\)

⇒ P = \(\frac{122 × 10000}{25}\)

⇒ P = ₹48,800

∴ The correct answer is option (3).

The correct answer is Anaemia.

Key Points

• Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in red blood cell formation, DNA synthesis, and neurological functioning.
• A deficiency of Vitamin B12 can lead to pernicious anaemia, which is characterized by a reduction in the number of healthy red blood cells in the body.
• Pernicious anaemia results from impaired absorption of Vitamin B12 due to the lack of intrinsic factor, a protein secreted by stomach cells.
• Symptoms of Vitamin B12 deficiency-induced anaemia include fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, pale skin, and neurological issues such as tingling sensations or numbness.
• Vitamin B12 is obtained from dietary sources like meat, fish, eggs, and dairy products. For vegans or those with absorption issues, supplementation or fortified foods may be necessary to prevent anaemia.

Additional Information

• Night Blindness:
• Night blindness is primarily caused by a deficiency of Vitamin A, not Vitamin B12.
• Vitamin A is essential for vision as it helps form rhodopsin, a pigment required for low-light and night vision.
• Sources of Vitamin A include carrots, sweet potatoes, spinach, and liver.
• Rickets:
• Rickets is a condition caused by a deficiency of Vitamin D, leading to softening and weakening of bones in children.
• Vitamin D aids in calcium and phosphorus absorption, which are critical for healthy bone development.
• Sources of Vitamin D include sunlight exposure, fortified foods, and supplements.
• Goitre:
• Goitre is the abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland, typically caused by iodine deficiency.
• Iodine is a key component of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism and growth.
• Foods rich in iodine include iodized salt, seafood, and dairy products.

The logic followed here is:

Hence, "Option 3" is the correct answer.

The logic followed is:

MEKLF is coded as 91782

And,

LLLJK as S8867

Similarly,

IGHED is coded as

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Given:

Fractions: 5/7, 7/9, 9/11, 11/13, 13/17

Arrange in ascending order and find the second one.

Formula used:

Compare fractions using cross multiplication or approximate decimal values.

Calculations:

5/7 ≈ 0.714

7/9 ≈ 0.778

9/11 ≈ 0.818

11/13 ≈ 0.846

13/17 ≈ 0.765

Ascending order: 5/7 (0.714), 13/17 (0.765), 7/9 (0.778), 9/11 (0.818), 11/13 (0.846)

Second fraction = 13/17

Answer: 13/17