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The letter P is the 16^th letter in the English alphabet. Counting 10 letters to the left of P: O (15), N (14), M (13), L (12), K (11), J (10), I (9), H (8), G (7), F (6). The 10^th letter to the left of P is F. 

The letter F is the 6^th letter in the English alphabet. Counting 13 letters to the right of F: G (7), H (8), I (9), J (10), K (11), L (12), M (13), N (14), O (15), P (16), Q (17), R (18), S (19). The 13^th letter to the right of F is S. 

So, the 13^th letter to the right of the 10^th letter to the left of P is S.

Hence, the correct answer is "S".

Given:

Sum (Principal + Interest) = Rs. 3540

Rate of Interest (R) = 6% per annum

Time (T) = 3 years

Concept:

In Simple Interest, the formula for Interest (I) is:

I = P × R × T / 100

Where P is the Principal amount.

Formula Used:

Sum (Principal + Interest) = Principal + (Principal × Rate × Time / 100)

Let Principal = P

3540 = P + (P × 6 × 3 / 100)

Calculation:

We have,

⇒ 3540 = P + (P × 18 / 100)

⇒ 3540 = P + 0.18P

⇒ 3540 = 1.18P

⇒ P = 3540 / 1.18

⇒ P ≈ 3000

Interest (I) = P × R × T / 100

⇒ I = 3000 × 6 × 3 / 100

⇒ I = 540

∴ The interest will be Rs. 540.

The correct answer is Prime Minister.

Key Points

• Foremost, Leader: This is the original meaning of the word, derived from the Persian word پیشوا (pēshwā) meaning "foremost, leader".
• It was used in various Persianate empires operating in the Deccan region of India before the rise of the Maratha Empir
• Chief Minister of the Maratha Empire: In the context of Indian history, Peshwa specifically refers to the title of the chief minister or Prime Minister of the Maratha Empire between 1674 and 1818.
• The Peshwa held immense power and often acted as the de facto ruler of the empire even while the titular Chhatrapati (emperor) remained in place.

According to the given direction,

1) My house is on the south side of the market and post office is on the east side of my house and the distance from my house to market and post office is equal.

2) I first went to the market and then started walking towards the post office, met my friend in the middle of the street and we decided we would go back home.

Here, we can see that now we are walking in south-west direction.

Hence, the correct answer is "South-West".

Given:

Average age of 6 members in a family is 25 years. Among them, the youngest member is 5 years old.

Concept:

To find the average age at the time of the youngest member's birth, we need to determine the total age of the family members at that time and then divide it by the number of members.

Formula Used:

Total age of family members = Average age × Number of members

Average age at the time of the youngest member's birth = (Total age of family members - Age of youngest member) / Number of members

Calculation:

We have,

⇒ Average age = 25 years

⇒ Number of members = 6

⇒ Youngest member's age = 5 years

⇒ Total age of family members = 25 × 6 = 150 years

⇒ Total age of family members at the time of the youngest member's birth = 150 - 5 = 145 years

⇒ Average age at the time of the youngest member's birth = 145 / 6

⇒ Average age at the time of the youngest member's birth ≈ 24.17 years

Since we are looking for the closest whole number, we approximate to 24 years.

∴ The average age of the members at the time of the youngest member's birth was 24 years.

The correct answer is South America.

Key Points

• The Andes Mountains line the western edge of South America, from Venezuela all the way along Chile to South America's southern tip, crossing through Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.
• There’s no other location on the surface of the Earth that is farther from the Earth’s centre than the peak of Chimborazo in the Ecuadorean Andes, located in Ecuador, Mount Chimborazo is a dormant volcano. It last erupted over 10 centuries ago.
• The Andes are the world's longest continental mountain range, about 9,000 km in all. They lie as a continuous chain of highlands along the western coast of South America, along that route, they cross through Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia .

The given equation is: 2 < 4 > 3 ≠ 32 = 8 = 2 ≠ 3 > 4 < 2

The equation we get after replacing the signs: 2 + 4 - 3 × 32 ÷ 8 ÷ 2 × 3 - 4 + 2

→ 2 + 4 - 3 × 32 ÷ 8 ÷ 2 × 3 - 4 + 2

→ 2 + 4 - 3 × 2 × 3 - 4 + 2

→ 2 + 4 - 18 - 4 + 2

→ 8 - 18 - 4

→ - 10 - 4 = - 14

Hence, the correct answer is "- 14".

Calculation:

LCM of {8, 16, 40, 80} = 80

\(\frac{7}{{8}}\) = \(\frac{7\times10}{{8\times 10}}\) = \(\frac{70}{{80}}\)

\(\frac{13}{{16}}\)= \(\frac{13\times5}{{16\times5}}\) = \(\frac{65}{80}\)

\(\frac{31}{{40}}\) = \(\frac{31\times2}{{40\times2}}\) = \(\frac{62}{{80}}\)

\(\frac{63}{{80}}\)

Since, \(\frac{70}{{80}}\) is the largest fraction among these.

Thus, \(\frac{7}{{8}}\) is the largest fraction.

The correct answer is Cauliflower.

Key Points

• From the given options, cauliflower is not an example of an underground stem.
• Ginger: Ginger is a rhizome, which is a type of underground stem with horizontal growth and nodes where new shoots and roots can sprout.
• Potato: A Potato is a tuber, which is a swollen underground stem that stores food reserves.
• Amorphophallus campanulatus: This plant, also known as the corpse flower, has a corm, which is another type of underground stem that is solid and bulb-like shape.

Given:

Distance between two places: 50 km

Speed of first friend: 5 km/hr

Speed of second friend: 6 km/hr

Time traveled: 3 hours

Concept Used:

Relative speed is the sum of individual speeds when moving towards each other.

Formula Used:

Distance covered together = Relative speed × Time

Calculation:

⇒ Relative speed = 5 km/hr + 6 km/hr

⇒ Relative speed = 11 km/hr

⇒ Distance covered together in 3 hours = 11 km/hr × 3 hours

⇒ Distance covered together = 33 km

⇒ Distance remaining between them = 50 km - 33 km

⇒ Distance remaining = 17 km

∴ The correct answer is option 1 (17 km).