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Solution:

Total Discount Percentage = 100 - ((100 - Discount1) * (100 - Discount2)) / 100

Given that the buyer gets a discount of 10% and 20% respectively, let's calculate the total discount percentage:

Total Discount Percentage = 100 - ((100 - 10) * (100 - 20)) / 100

                         = 100 - (90 * 80) / 100

                         = 100 - 72

                         = 28

Therefore, the buyer received a total discount of 28%.

The Imperial Bank of India, after nationalization was given the name of the State Bank of India.

Key Points

• The Imperial Bank of India came into existence on 27 January 1921.
• The founder of this bank was John Maynard Keynes.
• It acted as the central bank for British India prior to the formation of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in 1935.
• The Imperial Bank was 80% privately owned while the rest were owned by the state.

Hence, we conclude that the Imperial Bank of India, after. nationalization was given the name of the State Bank of India.

Additional Information

• Reserve Bank of India
• ​The Reserve Bank of India, which is the central bank of India nowadays.
• It commenced its operations on 1 April 1935 in accordance with the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934.
• Following India's independence on 15 August 1947, the RBI was nationalized on 1 January 1949.
• ​Central Bank of India
• Central Bank of India is one of the oldest and largest commercial banks in India, founded in December 1911.
• It is a government-owned bank, with its headquarters in Mumbai, the financial capital of India.
• The bank provides a wide range of financial products and services, including loans, deposits, and investment vehicles, to individual customers, businesses, and government entities.
• United Bank of India
• United Bank of India was one of the significant public sector banks in India, established in 1950.
• The bank was headquartered in Kolkata and offered financial services like loans, deposits, and investment products.
• United Bank of India merged with Punjab National Bank in April 2020, creating one of India's largest nationalized banks.

The correct answer is Hypothyroidism.

 Key Points

• Goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland, which is located in the neck. This enlargement can cause the neck to look swollen.
• The most common cause of goiter worldwide is a lack of iodine in the diet. In countries where iodine has been added to table salt, the most common cause of goiter is an autoimmune disease called Hashimoto's disease.
• Hypothyroidism, a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone, can also cause goiter.

 Additional Information

• Hyperthyroidism, a condition where the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone, can also cause goiter but it's not the only cause.
• Diabetes Mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period. It's not related to goiter.
• Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have an adverse effect on health. It's also not related to goiter.

Given word is "NATIONALISM"

Each vowel is replaced by the letter immediately following it.

Each consonant is replaced by the letter immediately preceding it.

MBSJPMBKJRL

Seventh letter from the left of the new alphabet → B

The correct answer is Weight.

Key Points

• The force by which the Earth, or any celestial body, attracts an object towards its center is called 'Weight'.
• Weight is the force exerted on an object due to gravity. It's a vector quantity, meaning it has both a magnitude (how strong the force is) and a direction (directed towards the center of the Earth or any other celestial object). This is why objects always fall towards the ground if there's no other force acting on it.
• In an equation form, the weight (W) of an object is calculated as the product of its mass (m) and the gravitational acceleration (g):
• W = m * g

Additional Information

• The mass (m) refers to the amount of matter present in the object. It's a scalar quantity and doesn't change depending on where the object is in the universe.
• Gravitational acceleration (g), meanwhile, is the rate of increase of velocity caused by the gravitational force. On Earth, this is approximately 9.81 m/s² - it means an object falling freely near the Earth's surface increases its velocity by 9.81 m/s for every second of its descent. This value can vary slightly depending on the location (it's less at the poles and larger at the equator).
• In physics, force is defined as any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object. It is a vector quantity with both magnitude and direction, which can cause an object with mass to accelerate or deform.

Solution:

Compare the given numbers by converting them to decimals:

• 5/9 = 0.555...

• 0.23 = 0.23

• √25/49 = 5/7 ≈ 0.714

• (0.8)^2 = 0.64

So, the greatest number among 5/9, 0.23, √25/49, and (0.8)^2 is √25/49 which is approximately equal to 0.714.

Therefore, the greatest among these numbers is ​​\(\sqrt {\frac{{25}}{{49}}} \).

The given word is "UNDERSTANDING"

Letters of the word UNDERSTANDING are arranged according to the English alphabet from the left and one letter is taken only once

ADEGINRSTU

Eighth letter from the left → S

Given:

1/2 part of the pole is in mud.

1/3 part of the pole is in water.

The pole is 25 m above water.

Solution:

Let's assume the total length of the pole as "L".

The portion of the pole in mud is 1/2 * L.

The portion of the pole in water is 1/3 * L.

The portion of the pole above water is 25 m.

To find the total length of the pole, we can add these three portions:

L = (1/2 * L) + (1/3 * L) + 25

To simplify the equation, we can multiply through by the common denominator of 6:

6L = 3L + 2L + 150

Combining like terms:

6L = 5L + 150

Subtracting 5L from both sides:

L = 150

Therefore, the total height of the pole is 150 meters.

The correct answer is Glacier.

Key Points

• Glacier:
• Glaciers are large, slow-moving masses of ice that have the ability to erode and shape the land.
• Hanging valleys are formed when smaller side glaciers converge with larger main glaciers.
• The smaller glaciers don't erode the landscape as deeply as the larger glaciers, leaving the valleys 'hanging' above the main glacier valley when the glaciers recede.
• Later these hanging valleys can be seen as tributaries to the main valleys and often have waterfalls cascading down from them.

Additional Information

• Volcano: Volcanic activity can create numerous landforms, including volcanic cones, calderas, and lava plateaus, among others. However, hanging valleys are not among the landforms directly created by volcanic activity.
• Sea: The action of the sea, specifically erosion, can produce coastal landforms like cliffs, caves, arches, and stacks. But hanging valleys are not formed by the activities of the sea.
• River: While rivers can create various landforms through the processes of erosion and deposition, such as river valleys, floodplains, deltas, and oxbow lakes, hanging valleys are not a result of river processes.

Solution:

The sum of the series 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n can be found using the formula for the sum of an arithmetic series:

Sum = (n/2) * (first term + last term)

In this case, the first term is 1 and the last term is 25, so we can substitute these values into the formula:

Sum = (25/2) * (1 + 25)

     = (25/2) * 26

     = 325

Therefore, the sum of the number series 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 25 is 325.