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The correct answer is Poona (Pune)

Key Points

• The Maratha kingdom was another powerful regional kingdom to arise out of a sustained opposition to Mughal rule.
• Shivaji (1627-1680) carved out a stable kingdom with the support of powerful warrior families (deshmukhs).
• After Shivaji’s death, effective power in the Maratha state was wielded by a family of Chitpavan Brahmanas who served Shivaji’s successors as Peshwa (or principal minister).
• Poona became the capital of the Maratha kingdom.
• Under the Peshwas, the Marathas developed a very successful military organisation.
• Baji Rao I, also known as Baji Rao Ballal was the son of Peshwa Balaji Vishwanath.
• He was a great Maratha general who is credited to have expanded the Maratha kingdom beyond the Vindhyas and is known for his military campaigns against Malwa, Bundelkhand, Gujarat and the Portugese.

​Hence we conclude that the correct answer is Poona (Pune)

The term "Jain" is derived from the Sanskrit word "Jina" which means conqueror of senses. Vardhamana Mahavira was the last and 24^th Tirthankara of the Jains. The first Tirthankara of Jainism is Rishabhadeva (also known as Adinatha).

• Jina, regarded as a Tirthankara, is a person who, in accordance with Jainism, has acquired a transcendent and outward level of bliss by self-discipline.

• The universal principles of Jainism are:

1. Ahimsa
2. Satya
3. Asteya
4. Brahmacharya
5. Aparigraha

The correct answer is Indraprastha.

Key Points

• As per the contents mentioned in Asokan inscriptions, there were five major political centres in the Mauryan empire.
• The  five major political centres of the Mauryan empire were located at Pataliputra, Taxila, Ujjain, Tosali and Suvarnagiri.
• Pataliputra:-
• It was the capital of the Mauryan empire.
• It was located on the Ganges River, and it was a major center of trade and commerce.
• Pataliputra was a well-planned city with a grid layout and a variety of public buildings, including palaces, temples, and gardens.
• Taxila:-
• It was located in the northwest of the Mauryan empire, and it was a major center of learning and culture.
• Taxila was home to a number of universities and schools, and it was a popular destination for students from all over the world.
• Ujjain:-
• It was located in the central part of the Mauryan empire, and it was a major center of trade and commerce.
• Ujjain was also a major religious center, and it was home to a number of temples and shrines.
• Tosali:-
• It was located in the east of the Mauryan empire, and it was a major center of agriculture and commerce.
• Tosali was also a major port city, and it played an important role in the empire's trade with other countries.
• Suvarnagir:-
• It was located in the south of the Mauryan empire, and it was a major center of gold mining and trade.
• Suvarnagiri was also a major religious center, and it was home to a number of temples and shrines.

Additional Information 

• Asokan inscriptions:-
• These are a collection of more than 30 edicts issued by Emperor Ashoka of the Maurya Empire (272-232 BCE).
• They are found on rocks and pillars throughout India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Afghanistan.
• They are written in a variety of languages, including Prakrit, Brahmi, Aramaic, and Greek.

The correct answer is Beas and Sutlej.

Key Points 

• In the Rigveda, there is a hymn in the form of a dialogue between Sage Vishvamitra and two rivers Beas and Sutlej were worshipped as goddesses.
• Some of the hymns in the Rigveda are in the form of dialogues.
• This is part of one such hymn, a dialogue between a sage named Vishvamitra, and two rivers, Beas and Sutlej that were worshipped as goddesses.

Additional Information 

• The Rigveda is in old or Vedic Sanskrit.
• The Rigveda was recited and heard rather than read. It was written down several centuries after it was first composed and printed less than 200 years ago.
• The oldest Veda is the Rigveda, composed about 3500 years ago.
• The Rigveda includes more than a thousand hymns, called sukta or “well-said”.
• These hymns are in praise of various gods and goddesses.

The correct answer is Agra.

Key Points 

• Jai Singh II was also referred to as Sawai Jai Singh.
• He was the 29^th Kachwaha Rajput king to lead the Amber Kingdom.
• He later founded the fortified city of Jaipur and made it his capital.
• He was born in Amber, the Kachwaha Rajputs capital.
• When his father, Raja Bishan Singh, passed away on December 31, 1699, he was 11 years old and took over as the monarch of Amber.
• In 1722, Sawai Jai Singh received the subadari of Agra and made Jaipur the capital of his empire.
• He was appointed to govern Malwa three times between 1714 and 1737.​

Additional Information 

• Sawai Raja Jagat Singh:
• After Pratap Singh's passing, Jagat Singh II occupied the throne of Jaipur.
• In the year 1803, Jagat Singh was crowned.
• Jahandar Shah:
• He was the ninth Mughal Emperor.
• He reigned in the years 1712–1713.
• He was Bahadur Shah's son.
• Shahjahan:
• He was the Mughal Empire's fifth emperor.
• He ruled from January 1628 until July 1658.
• He was Jahangir's third son.

The correct answer is Somnath Lahiri.

Key Points 

• Somnath Lahiri was an Indian statesman, writer, and Communist Party of India leader who lived from September 1, 1909, until October 19, 1984.
• He was a member of the Indian Constituent Assembly from Bengal afterward the West Bengal Legislative Assembly.
• Samyobad (Socialism) is another book of his.
• He was the editor of Swadhinata, a daily left political magazine.
• Somnath Lahiri's speech is as follows regarding constituent assembly : "Well, the Interim Government has not brought peace nor freedom to our country. Similarly, whether the Congress is inside this British-made Constituent Assembly and the Muslim League is out or whether the Congress and the Muslim League are both inside this British-made Constituent Assembly and working the British plans as the British should like it to be worked out, then also the same thing will follow, viz., the quarrelling that is there to-day in the country, will only get more intensified inside this Assembly also. That is all and nothing else Therefore, Sir, I am not sorry that the League is not here but I am only sorry that the Congress also has not gone out leaving the plan to stew in its own juice."

• The correct is Swaraj.
• C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru formed Swaraj Party within the Congress to argue for a return of council politics.
• The party was formed as the Congress-Khilafat Swaraj Party in January 1923.
• The party was inspired by the idea of Swaraj, wanted greater self-government and political freedom from the Colonial rule.
• Chittaranjan Das was the President of the party and the post of the secretary was held by Motilal Nehru.
• In 1923, the members of the party won most of the seats in the Bengal Legislative council.
• The party was dissolved in the year 1935.

The correct answer is Calcutta session in September 1920.

Key Points 

• At Calcutta's session of the Congress in September 1920. Gandhi Ji Convinced other leaders of the need to start a non-cooperation movement in support of Khilafat as well as for swaraj.
• To defend the Khilafa's temporal powers, a khilafat committee was formed in Bombay in March 1919.
• At that time young generation of Muslim leaders like the brothers Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali.

Additional Information 

• Non-Cooperation Movement was a significant phase of the Indian independence movement from British rule.
• It was led by Mahatama Gandhi after the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.
• It aimed to resist British rule in India through nonviolent means.

The correct answer is Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan.

Key Points 

• Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan  is also known as the 'Badshah Khan' of India.
• Abdul ghaffar khan also known as Badshah khan, was a Pashtun independence activist against the rule of the British Raj.
• He was a political and spiritual leader known for his nonviolent opposition, and a lifelong pacifist and devout Muslim.
• He was also known as Frontier Gandhi.
• He led his non-violent Khudai Khidmatgar movement against the British Raj in the 1930s and 1940s.

The Gadar Movement:

• The Gadar Movement was started by Har Dayal in the San Francisco **(**United States of America) in 1911 to bring about a revolution in India and throw out British rule.
• The movement was formed into the Gadar Party in 1913 by Har Dayal in Hindustan.
• The movement found its social base in several thousands of Indian immigrants working as labourers in industry and agriculture.
• The movement included Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims but remained confined to the Sikhs largely.

Hence, it can be concluded from the given points that the Hindustan Gadar Party was founded in the year 1913.