Search Previous Year Questions

The correct answer is Sedimentary rock.

• Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock, formed as rock strata called coal seams.
• Coal is mostly carbon with variable amounts of other elements; chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen.
• It is also called black gold.
• Mostly used for power generation and metallurgy.
• Coal reserves are six times greater than oil and petroleum reserves.

Key Points

• Coal formed millions of years ago when the earth was covered with huge swampy forests where plants – giant ferns and mosses – grew.
• As the plants grew, some died and fell into the swamp waters.
• New plants grew up to take their places and when these died still more grew.
• In time, there was a thick layer of dead plants rotting in the swamp.
• The surface of the earth changed and water and dirt washed in, stopping the decaying process.
• Heat and pressure produced chemical and physical changes in the plant layers which forced out oxygen and left rich carbon deposits.
• In time, material that had been planted became coal.
• Coals are classified into three main ranks or types:
• ​Lignite
• Bituminous Coal
• Anthracite

Additional Information

• China is the highest coal producer in the world.
• India ranks second in coal production.
• Five countries, namely China, the United States, Russia, India and Japan accounted for over 75% of worldwide coal consumption.

The correct answer Odisha.

Key Points

• Chilka Lake is located in Odisha.
• It is a brackish water lagoon.
• It is the largest lake in India.
• Largest brackish water lagoon in Asia
• Chilka is at the mouth of the Daya river.
• One of the tentative UNESCO World Heritage sites in India.
• Designated the first Indian wetland of international importance under the Ramsar convention in 1981.
• Only lake in India is included in ‘Destination Flyways’ by the United Nations World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO).

Additional Information Important Lakes:

The correct answer is 'October - November'.

Key Points

• Tamil Nadu coast receives heavy rainfall in October and November above normal.
• While the lingering South West Monsoon brings a large part of the excess rainfall in the first half of October, the unusually active North East Monsoon with a continuous supply of moisture from the Bay of Bengal has been the main reason for the high rainfall since late October.

Thus, the correct answer is October - November

Additional Information

Monsoon of Tamil Nadu:

The state has three distinct periods of rainfall: advanced rainfall; rainfall from the tropical cyclones emerging in the neighbourhood of the Andaman Islands during the Retreat of Monsoons(October–November): and the North-East monsoon during the months of October–December, with dominant northeast monsoon winds from the western disturbances emerging over the Bay of Bengal.

Concept: 

Cold-blooded animals:

• Cold-blooded animals are animals that are not capable of regulating their body’s temperature according to the temperature of the surrounding.
• They do not have a constant body temperature.
• Cold-blooded animals include reptiles, amphibians, fishes, insects, and other invertebrates.
• These animals are also called poikilothermic animals.

Warm-blooded animals:

• Warm-blooded animals are the animals that are capable of maintaining a nearly constant body temperature irrespective of the temperature of the environment.
• Their body temperature remains the same as they move from one surrounding to another.
• The temperature control is mostly obtained by regulating their metabolic rates.
• Warm-blooded animals include birds and mammals.
• These animals are also called homeothermic animals.

Explanation:

Shark:

• Sharks don’t fit the criteria for mammals in the most important respects.
• They don’t produce milk, they don’t have hair, and most of them are cold-blooded.
• The only characteristic they share with mammals is that some shark species give live birth.
• They belong to the class Chondrichthyes and not Mammalia.

​Thus, the shark is a cold blooded animal.

Important PointsWhale:

• Whale belongs to the class Mammalia.
• The whale is a mammal, not a fish, hence it is warm-blooded.
• It is classified under the Phylum Chordata.
• Whales give birth to live offspring (whereas fish hatch their young from eggs), and feed their young (called calves) on milk produced by the female's own body.

Eagle: Is a bird, so warm-blooded.

**Kangaroo: Is a mammal so warm-blooded.**​

Additional Information

Mammalia:

• The class Mammalia includes a huge number of animals.
• All mammals are warm-blooded vertebrates whose offspring drink milk.

Characteristics:

• They give live birth: 
• Mammals are viviparous, which means they give birth to live young.
• The exceptions to this rule are monotremes, which are mammals that lay eggs.
• The platypus and echidna are monotremes.
• They produce milk: 
• Infant mammals require their mother’s milk in the first weeks or months of their lives.
• All-female mammals have mammary glands that allow them to nurse their young.
• Mammals breathe air through their lungs: 
• Even underwater mammals use their lungs to breathe.
• They have hair or fur: 
• All mammals have fur or hair.
• Some marine mammals are the exception to this rule.
• They are vertebrates: 
• All mammals have a backbone.
• Amphibians, fish and reptiles also have backbones, but they lack the other characteristics of mammals.
• Mammals are warm-blooded: 
• Which means they maintain an even body temperature.

The correct answer is hair.

• Nettle plants contain stinging leaves that have a mixture of chemicals.
• If an animal touches the leaves, stinging hairs inject chemicals into the skin.
• The stinging hair of nettle leaves injects Methanoic acid.

The correct answer is Allahabad.

• IFFCO stands for Indian Farmers Fertiliser Cooperative Limited.
• Presently IFFCO Aonla produces 1980000 MTPA of Urea and 1138500 MTPA of Ammonia.
• IFFCO Aonla has acquired ISO 9001, ISO 14001, OHSAS 18001, ISO 50001, and ISO 26000 Certifications.
• This plant is supplied gas through the HBJ gas pipeline.

Additional Information

• IFFCO is one of India's largest cooperative society which is wholly owned by Indian cooperatives.
• IFFCO was registered as a multi-unit co-operative society under the Co-operative Societies Act on 3^rd November 1967.
• BS Nakai is its present chairman.
• It is India's biggest fertilizer manufacturer with around 19% market share in Urea and around 29% market share in complex fertilizers.
• Major Plants are-

1. Kalon, Gujrat
2. Kandla, Gurajat
3. Pulpur, UP
4. Aonla, UP
5. Paradeep, Odisha

The Alai Darwaza, an entrance door to the Qutab Minar, is a magnificent gateway built by Ala-Ud-Din Khilji of the Delhi Sultanate.

• It is the only entrance remaining of four added to the Qutab Complex by Ala-Ud-Din Khalji.
• It has exquisite inlaid marble decorations and latticed stone screens.
• It highlights the remarkable artisanship of Turkish and local artisans who worked on it.
• It was built in 1311.

The correct answer is 'It ensures equal rights for all citizens'

Key Points

• Importance of Universal Adult Franchise:
• Universal adult franchise is a cornerstone of democratic governance, allowing all adult citizens the right to vote, irrespective of caste, creed, religion, gender, or economic status.
• It ensures that every citizen has an equal voice in the election of representatives, promoting equality and inclusiveness in the political process.
• This principle helps to legitimize the government, as it reflects the will of the majority of the population.
• By enabling broad participation, it helps to prevent the concentration of power in the hands of a few, thereby safeguarding democratic values.

Additional Information

• Universal adult franchise fosters inclusivity and diversity in decision-making processes.
• It acknowledges the inherent dignity and worth of every citizen and affirms their fundamental right to participate in governance.
• This inclusive approach helps prevent the marginalization of certain groups within society and promotes social cohesion by bringing together individuals from diverse backgrounds to collectively determine the direction of their nation.

The correct answer is ​Tension force.

Key Points

• A car towing another car with a chain is an example of a Tension force.
• The force of tension is defined as the force which is transmitted by rope, string, or wire when pulled by forces acting from opposite sides.
• The force of stress is directed over the length of the wire and at the ends pulls energy evenly on the bodies.
• Any physical object that is in contact with each other exerts some force.
• Cables and ropes can be used to exert forces since they can easily move a force over a given distance (e.g. the length of the rope).

Additional Information

• Frictional Force refers to the force produced by two surfaces that come in contact and slide against each other.
• An applied force is a force that a human or some other object applies to an entity. If an individual moves a desk across the room, then an applied force acts on the object.
• The Normal force is the force of support exerted on an object which is in contact with another stable object. It always occurs perpendicular to the surface.