Search Previous Year Questions

Correct Answer: Urologist

Rationale:

• A urologist is a medical specialist who focuses on diseases and conditions of the urinary tract and the male reproductive system. This includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, and male reproductive organs such as the testes, prostate, and penis.
• Urologists diagnose and treat a wide variety of conditions such as urinary tract infections (UTIs), kidney stones, bladder control problems, and prostate issues. They also perform surgeries on the urinary tract and male reproductive organs.

Explanation of Other Options:

Orthopedic Surgeon

• Rationale: An orthopedic surgeon specializes in the diagnosis, treatment, and surgery of the musculoskeletal system, which includes bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, and muscles. They do not deal with the urinary or male reproductive systems.

Neurologist

• Rationale: A neurologist is a specialist who diagnoses and treats disorders of the nervous system, which includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. They do not focus on the urinary or male reproductive systems.

Rheumatologist

• Rationale: A rheumatologist is a specialist who deals with the diagnosis and therapy of rheumatic diseases, which are autoimmune and inflammatory diseases that affect the joints, muscles, and bones. They do not specialize in conditions of the urinary or male reproductive systems.

Conclusion:

• Among the given options, a urologist is the correct specialist for conditions related to the urinary system and male reproductive system. They are specifically trained to handle a wide range of issues in these areas, from infections to surgical interventions.

Correct Answer: A yellow triangle with a red border

Rationale:

• The symbol of a yellow triangle with a red border is commonly used to indicate the need for extra precautions when handling hazardous substances, including chemotherapy drugs. This symbol is a universal warning sign that alerts healthcare professionals to the potential risks and the necessity for careful handling to ensure safety.
• Chemotherapy drugs are potent medications used to treat cancer. They can be hazardous to those who handle them, necessitating special precautions such as the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and following specific safety protocols to prevent exposure.

Explanation of Other Options:

Skull and crossbones

• Rationale: The skull and crossbones symbol is used to indicate the presence of toxic or poisonous substances that can cause serious harm or death if ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin. It is not specifically used for chemotherapy drugs.

Biohazard symbol

• Rationale: The biohazard symbol is used to signify biological substances that pose a threat to human health, such as infectious agents or materials contaminated with bodily fluids. This symbol is not specifically used for indicating chemotherapy drug hazards.

A red cross with a green background

• Rationale: The red cross symbol is internationally recognized as a symbol for medical and first aid services. It does not indicate the need for extra precautions when handling hazardous substances like chemotherapy drugs.

Conclusion:

• Among the given options, the yellow triangle with a red border is the correct symbol indicating the need for extra precautions when handling chemotherapy drugs. This symbol is crucial for ensuring the safety of healthcare workers and preventing accidental exposure to these hazardous medications.

Correct Answer: Malaria

Rationale:

• Malaria is a disease caused by a parasitic infection, specifically by parasites of the genus Plasmodium. The disease is transmitted through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes.
• When the mosquito bites a human, it injects the Plasmodium parasites into the bloodstream, where they travel to the liver, mature, and then infect red blood cells, leading to the symptoms of malaria.
• Symptoms of malaria include fever, chills, headache, nausea, and vomiting, and if left untreated, it can cause severe complications and even death.

Explanation of Other Options:

Measles

• Rationale: Measles is a highly contagious viral disease caused by the measles virus. It is spread through respiratory droplets from coughing and sneezing, not through mosquito bites.
• Symptoms include high fever, cough, runny nose, red eyes, and a characteristic red rash that usually starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body.

Tuberculosis

• Rationale: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It primarily affects the lungs and is spread through airborne droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes.
• Symptoms include a persistent cough, weight loss, fever, night sweats, and coughing up blood.

Cholera

• Rationale: Cholera is an acute diarrheal illness caused by infection of the intestine with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It is typically spread through contaminated water and food, not mosquito bites.
• Symptoms include severe watery diarrhea, vomiting, and leg cramps, which can lead to dehydration and shock if not treated promptly.

Conclusion:

• Among the given options, malaria is the disease that is caused by a parasitic infection and transmitted through mosquito bites. It is important to differentiate it from other diseases like measles, tuberculosis, and cholera, which have different modes of transmission and causative agents.

Correct Answer: Schizophrenia

Rationale:

• Schizophrenia is a severe mental health disorder that affects how a person thinks, feels, and behaves. Individuals with schizophrenia may seem like they have lost touch with reality, which can be distressing for both the individual and their family and friends.
• The symptoms of schizophrenia can include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking, and extremely disorganized or abnormal motor behavior. It often requires psychiatric intervention including medication and therapy to manage symptoms and improve quality of life.
• Schizophrenia typically appears in late adolescence or early adulthood, and its exact cause is not known, though a combination of genetics, brain chemistry, and environment are believed to contribute to its development.

Explanation of Other Options:

Cancer

• Rationale: Cancer refers to a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. While cancer can significantly impact mental health, it is primarily a physical health condition that may require treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.

Tuberculosis

• Rationale: Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs but can spread to other organs. It is treated with antibiotics over a period of months. While it can have mental health impacts, it is primarily an infectious disease requiring medical intervention.

Asthma

• Rationale: Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflamed airways, causing difficulty in breathing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. It is managed with inhalers and medication to control symptoms and prevent flare-ups. It does not typically require psychiatric intervention.

Conclusion:

• Among the given options, schizophrenia is the condition most closely associated with severe mental health issues that often require psychiatric intervention. Proper diagnosis and management are crucial for improving the quality of life for individuals with schizophrenia.

Correct Answer: Hypertension

Rationale:

• Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, is a non-communicable disease (NCD) that is most commonly linked to lifestyle factors such as poor diet, lack of physical activity, and excessive alcohol consumption.
• It is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, including heart attack and stroke.
• Hypertension often develops over many years and can occur due to a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors, including an unhealthy lifestyle.
• Lifestyle modifications such as a balanced diet, regular physical activity, maintaining a healthy weight, reducing salt intake, and avoiding tobacco use are crucial for preventing and managing hypertension.

Explanation of Other Options:

Pneumonia

• Rationale: Pneumonia is an infectious disease that affects the lungs and is caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. It is not primarily linked to lifestyle factors but rather to infections.

Malaria

• Rationale: Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites. It is not related to lifestyle factors but is transmitted through the bites of infected Anopheles mosquitoes.

Tuberculosis

• Rationale: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. It primarily affects the lungs and is spread from person to person through airborne particles. It is not associated with lifestyle factors.

Conclusion:

• Among the given options, hypertension is the non-communicable disease most commonly linked to lifestyle factors such as poor diet and lack of physical activity. Addressing these lifestyle factors is essential for preventing and managing hypertension and reducing the risk of associated cardiovascular diseases.

Correct Answer: Cholera

Rationale:

• Cholera is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It is typically spread through contaminated water and food.
• The primary symptom of cholera is severe diarrhea, which can lead to rapid dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.
• If left untreated, cholera can cause severe dehydration and death within hours.
• Treatment typically involves rehydration with oral rehydration salts (ORS) and intravenous fluids in severe cases. Antibiotics can also be used to reduce the duration and severity of the illness.

Explanation of Other Options:

Hepatitis B

• Rationale: Hepatitis B is a viral infection that affects the liver. It is caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and is transmitted through contact with infectious body fluids, such as blood, semen, and vaginal fluids.
• Symptoms can range from mild to severe and may include jaundice, fatigue, nausea, and abdominal pain. Chronic infection can lead to liver cirrhosis and liver cancer.

Influenza

• Rationale: Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a viral infection caused by influenza viruses. It primarily affects the respiratory system.
• Symptoms include fever, chills, muscle aches, cough, congestion, runny nose, headaches, and fatigue. Severe cases can lead to pneumonia and other complications.

Malaria

• Rationale: Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites. It is transmitted through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito.
• Symptoms include fever, chills, sweating, headaches, nausea, and vomiting. Severe cases can cause anemia, respiratory distress, and organ failure.

Conclusion:

• Among the given options, cholera is the disease caused by a bacterial infection that can lead to severe dehydration and death if left untreated. Effective treatment and preventive measures, such as clean water and sanitation, are essential to control the spread of cholera.

CONCEPT:

 According to de Broglie matter has a dual nature of wave-particle.

The wave associated with each moving particle is called matter waves.

Characteristics of Matter waves:

1. ​​The lighter the particle, the greater is the de Broglie wavelength.
2. The higher the velocity of the particle, the smaller is its de Broglie wavelength.
3. The de Broglie wavelength of a particle is independent of the charge or nature of the particle.
4. The matter waves are not electromagnetic in nature. Only charged particles produce electromagnetic waves.

​CALCULATION:

Given V = 50000V and m = 9.1 × 10^-31 kg

• de Broglie wavelength associated with the particle,

\(⇒ λ = \frac{h}{\sqrt{2mE}}\)     -----(1)

• The energy of a charged particle in the electric field of voltage V is given as,

⇒ E = eV    -----(2)

Where h = Planck's constant = 6.6 × 10^-34 J-s, m = mass of the particle, e = 1.6 × 10^-19 C and V = voltage

⇒ E = 1.6 × 10^-19 × 50000 = 8 × 10^-15 J

So,

\(⇒ λ = \frac{6.6×10^{-34}}{\sqrt{2×9.1×10^{-31}×8×10^{-15}}}\)

⇒ λ = 0.55 × 10^-11 = 0.055 Å

• Hence, option 2 is correct.

CONCEPT:

• Electromagnetic spectrum: It is a collection of a range of different waves in sequential order from radio to gamma electromagnetic waves.

Frequency (ν) = speed of light (c)/wavelength (λ)

• Microwaves: They come in the range of 1 mm to 0.1 meters and of the frequency range between 300 MHz to 300 GHz.
• Microwaves are generally used in Radars, Transmission towers, Microwave Ovens, etc.

EXPLANATION:

• The wavelength range of the microwave is 1 mm to 0.1 m.
• Hence option 1 is correct.

Additional Information

Correct option-3

Torque-

• Torque produced by a force is a physical quantity that is defined to determine the rotational effect of the force and it can be easily related to parameters involved in the rotational motion of the rigid body.
• It measures the force that can cause an object to rotate about an axis.
• Likewise in linear kinematics Force is what causes an object to accelerate. Similarly, torque is what causes an angular acceleration. So, it can be defined as the rotational equivalent of linear force.
• It is a vector quantity that is denoted by \(\vec{\tau }.\)
• Its SI unit is Newton-meter (N-m).

The torque of a force is defined as a point or an axis of rotation.

For example-

Consider a force F is acting on a particle P and let r be the position vector of the particle about some reference point O as shown in the figure below.

The torque of this force F, about O is defined as,

\(\vec{\tau }=\vec{r}\times \vec{F}\)

It is a vector quantity having its direction perpendicular to both r and F, according to the rule of the cross product.

Explanation:-

When a force applied at a point of intersection with the axis lies on the extending its line of action, the torque about that point will be zero.

because the position vector of the point will become parallel to the applied force vector. 

The figure shown below supports the statement-

Hence, option-3 is correct.

Some important points about torque-

Option (4)

CONCEPT:

• Vector Product (cross product): Its magnitude is equal to the products of the magnitude of two vectors and sine of the angle between them and whose direction is perpendicular to the plane of the two vectors

Mathematically it is written as: 

\(\vec {A} \) × \(\vec {B}\) = ABsinθ 

Where θ is the angle between a vector \(\vec {A} \) and \(\vec {B}\) 

• Torque, Angular momentum, and Instantaneous velocity all can be expressed as the vector products of two vectors.

EXPLANATION:

• Torque (τ): The torque acting on a particle is equal to the vector products of its position vector \( \vec r \)and force vector \(\vec F\)

τ = \({\vec r \times }{\vec F}\)

• Angular momentum (L): It is equal to the cross product of its position vector \( \vec r \) and the linear momentum \(\vec p\).

\(\vec L\) = \( \vec r \)× \(\vec p\)

• Linear Velocity (v): It is equal to the cross product of its angular velocity ω and the position vector \( \vec r \).

\(\vec v\) = \(\vec \omega \) × \( \vec r \)

• These physical quantities can be expressed as the vector products of two vectors.
• Hence all of the above options are correct.