Search Previous Year Questions

The correct answer is Arvind Pangariya.

• Arvind Pangariya is the Vice Chairman of the NITI Aayog of India.
• The National Institution for Transforming India, also called NITI Aayog, was formed via a resolution of the Union Cabinet on January 1, 2015.
• NITI Aayog is the premier policy Think Tank of the Government of India, providing both directional and policy inputs.
• NITI Aayog also provides relevant technical advice to the Centre and States.
• As of April 2022, Suman Berry is the present Vice-Chairman of the NITI Aayog of India.

Key Points

• Dr. Arvind Panagariya is Vice-Chairman, Niti Aayog, and has been Professor of Indian Political Economy at Columbia University.
• He is a former Chief Economist of the Asian Development Bank and Professor of Economics at the University of Maryland at College Park.
• Dr. Arvind Panagariyas Famous Books are:
• The Emerging Giant (2008)
• How should tariffs be structured? (1990)
• Indian Economy: Retrospect and Prospect (2013)

Additional Information

The Correct Answer is Bharat Kavi.

Key Points

• Manodaya Kavya was composed by Bharat Kavi.
• Manshah was a Garhwali king who had a poet called Bharat in his court. He was the author of the Manodaya Kavya.

Additional Information

• The Garhwal Kingdom was a sovereign state in India's northwestern Himalayan state of Uttarakhand, established in 823 AD by Kanak Pal, the progenitor of the Panwar dynasty, which ruled the kingdom until 1803.
• During the British Raj, the kingdom was divided into two parts: the princely state of Garhwal and the Garhwal District of British India.
• The princely state of Garhwal, also known as Independent Garhwal, encompassed the present-day Tehri Garhwal district as well as the majority of Uttarkashi.

The Correct Answer is 130.

Key Points

• India has been ranked 130^th out of 188 countries in the 2015 Human Development Index (HDI), according to the Human Development Report 2015.
• The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) published the report (UNDP). The HDI is a UNDP-measured average of a country's specific human development achievements.
• In 2015, India was ranked 130^th in the medium human development category, with a score of 0.609. In the 2014 report, the country was ranked 135^th with a 0.586 ranking.
• India was categorized as having a medium level of human growth. The country's HDI ranking remained strong, but it rose five places to 130^th in the latest UNDP report due to increases in life expectancy and per capita income.
• Norway (1^st), Australia (2^nd), and Switzerland (3^rd) are the top three countries in the 2015 HDI (3^rd).

Important Points

• The Human Development Report (HDR) is an annual report issued by the United Nations Development Programme's Human Development Report Office (UNDP).
• In 1990, Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq and Indian Nobel Laureate Amartya Sen launched the first HDR.
• Since then, annual reports have been issued on a variety of topics using the human development strategy, which puts people at the core of the development process.

The correct answer is There is no foreign trade.

• A closed economy is one that has no trading activity with outside economies.
• The closed economy is therefore entirely self-sufficient, which means no imports come into the country and no exports leave the country.
• An economy in which no activity is conducted with outside economies. For eg. - Morocco, Algeria, etc.
• A closed economy is self-sufficient meaning that no imports are brought in and no exports are sent out.
• The closed economy goal is to provide consumers with everything that they need from within the economy's borders.

Key Points

• A closed economy is completely self-sufficient, with no imports or exports from international trade.
• The need for raw materials produced elsewhere that play a vital role as inputs to final goods makes closed economies inefficient.
• A government may close off a specific industry from the international competition through the use of quotas, subsidies, and tariffs.
• In reality, there are no nations that have economies that are completely closed.

Additional Information

• Economic systems can be categorized into four main types:
• ​Traditional economic system.
• Command economic system.
• Market economic system.
• Mixed system.

The correct answer is Hyderabad.

Key Points

• The National Institute for Rural Development (NIRD) is situated in Hyderabad.
• The National Institute for Rural Development (NIRD) was founded in 2006.
• The National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj is the apex body for undertaking training, research, and action research, and consultancy assignments in the rural development sector in India.
• The mission of NIRD & PR is to facilitate rural development vigorously through governmental and non-governmental initiatives.

Additional Information

The correct answer is On all stages between production and sale.

Key Points

• A VAT is an abbreviation for Value-Added Tax, which is a tax levied on businesses at any stage of the manufacturing and distribution process, usually when a commodity is resold or given a monetary value.
• A VAT is based on the difference between a product's retail price and the price at which it can be sold, such as the amount of value-added to it.
• Raisers and sellers usually pass on the cost of VAT to the final customer in the form of price increases.

Each time a good changes hands, a tax is added to its value before it is shipped to the consumer, at which point the closing tax is charged.

• VAT effectively compensates for the state-provided shared service and infrastructure that was used in the provision of that product or service in a specific location and subsidized by its taxpayers.
• VAT is not required in all jurisdictions, and exports are often excluded.
• VAT is typically enforced as a destination-based tax, in which the tax rate is determined by the consumer's position and added to the purchase price.
• During World War I, Germany and France were the first countries to introduce VAT, which they did in the form of a general sales levy.

The Correct Answer is American Trade Law.

Key Points

• Section 301 of the United States Trade Act of 1974 empowers the President to take any necessary action, including tariff-based and non-tariff-based retaliation, to remove any act, regulation, or practice of a foreign government that burdens or restricts U.S. commerce and violates an international trade agreement or is unjustified, unfair, or discriminatory.
• The United States Trade Representative (USTR) may initiate Section 301 cases on its own or as a result of a petition filed by a company or industry group. If the USTR opens a Section 301 inquiry, it must try to reach an agreement with the foreign government, either by compensation or trade elimination.
• The United States Trade Representative (USTR) may initiate Section 301 cases on its own or as a result of a petition filed by a company or industry group.
• Super 301 required the USTR to issue a report on its trade priorities for 1989 and 1990, as amended by section 1302 of the Omnibus Foreign Trade and Competitiveness Act, and to identify priority foreign countries that practiced unfair trade and priority practices that had the greatest effect on restricting U.S. exports.
• The initial terms of Super 301 were set to expire in 1991. President Clinton, on the other hand, released Executive Order 12901, reactivating Super 301 for a two-year period (1994 and 1995). EO 12973 (September 1995) expanded the Super 301 phase through 1997, but it was not in use in 1998. Super 301 was re-instated for three years on March 31, 1999, and amended by EO 13116.

The correct answer is Dr. Verghese Kurien.

• Dr. Verghese Kurien is called the Father of White Revolution in India.
• White Revolution was one of the biggest dairy development movements in India in 1970.
• This program created a national milk grid, linking producers throughout India, reducing seasonal price fluctuations, and ensuring milk producers get a major share of the income generated from end consumers.
• This program also made sure farmers get fair market prices on a regular basis. All this was achieved by the cooperative structure.

Key Points

• The White Revolution took several phases are:
• Phase 1: Started in 1970 with the objective of setting up dairy cooperatives in 18 milk sheds in India’s four major metropolitan cities.
• Phase 2: From 1981 to 1985, there was an increase in the number of milk sheds from 18 to 136; with 290 urban markets opening up and increasing the number of milk outlets.
• Phase 3: From 1985 to 1996, cooperatives further expanded and the infrastructure was further strengthened to increase production.

Important Points

The correct answer is Tax on local fairs.

• Tax on local fairs taxes collected by Panchayats in India.
• The sources of income of the village Panchayat (gram Panchayat) may be divided into some broad headings. Each Gram Panchayat has its own fund.
• The Panchayati Raj generally refers to the local self-government of villages in rural India as opposed to urban and suburban municipalities, this system was introduced by a constitutional amendment in 1992.

Key Points

• Taxes in Village Panchayats are:
• ​House Tax.
• Profession Tax.
• Vehicle Tax.
• Tax on agricultural land and for specific purposes.
• Water Tax.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Champaran, Ahmedabad, Kheda, Non-cooperation.

Key Points

• The tale of Champaran (Bihar) starts in the early nineteenth century when European planters forced cultivators to cultivate indigo in 3/20^th of their land holdings (Tin-Kathia).
• However, when indigo became unprofitable, European planters levied higher taxes to compensate for their losses in the foreign trade.
• Gandhi succeeded in abolishing the Tin-Kathia scheme in July 1917, and the cultivators received a salary refund.
• The mill owners and employees in Ahmedabad (March 1918) were fighting over the so-called "plague bonus," which the former decided to keep after the epidemic was over.
• Due to crop failure, the peasants of Kheda district (1917-1918) were in dire straits, and the government ignored their pleas for land revenue remission.
• Kheda's peasants were already struggling due to disease, high prices, and drought.
• Gandhi went on his first hunger strike in Ahmedabad in 1918 to protest a pay increase for mill employees.

Additional Information

• The Champaran Satyagraha(19 April 1917- 13 May 1917)
• This was his first act of civil disobedience.
• The Rowlatt Satyagraha(6 April 1919 - March 1922)
• This was his first all-India Satyagraha.
• The Kheda Satyagraha(22 March - 5 June 1918) 
• ​This was his first non-cooperation movement.
• The first Non-Cooperation Movement
• ​It was founded on 1 August 1920.