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The Correct Answer is Ashok Mitra.

Key Points

• Former Census of India Registrar General Ashok Mitra attempted a systematic classification of all Indian cities.
• He divided the seven factory worker categories into three categories:
• Manufacturing Town
• Trade and Transport Town
• Service Town
• A triangular method on a graph was used to determine the degree of specialization in each of the three basic classes (a, b, and c).
• Ashok Mitra was a Marxist politician and economist from India. He served as the Government of India's chief economic advisor before becoming the finance minister of West Bengal and a member of the Rajya Sabha.
• Many towns and cities have specialized services and are popular for them.
• The following is a classification of Indian cities based on their dominant or specialized function: 
• Administrative towns
• Industrial Towns
• Transport cities
• Commercial towns
• Mining towns
• Garrison cantonment towns
• Education town
• Religion and cultural town
• Tourism town

The Correct Answer is 1979 AD.

Key Points

• In India, there is a national award for child welfare. The award, which was founded in 1979, is given to "institutions and individuals who have excelled in the field of child development and welfare."
• A cash prize of $100,000 (for individuals) and $300,000 (for organizations) is included in the award (for institutions).
• It is important to remember such individuals and organizations because they support the government's efforts.
• The award has been renamed the Bal Kalyan Puraskar as of 2018.

Additional Information

• The National Child Award for Exceptional Achievement was established in 1996 to honor children who have shown exceptional abilities and accomplishments in the areas of creativity, scholastic achievement, social service, arts and culture, and sports.
• Each awardee receives a plaque as well as a monetary reward. The award was renamed the Bal Shakti Puraskar in 2018, and the accomplishments of children in the field of bravery were also recognized.

The Correct Answer is Tansley.

Key Points

• The word "ecosystem" was coined by British ecologist Arthur Tansley in a 1935 publication.
• Tansley came up with the idea to emphasize the importance of material transfers between species and their surroundings.
• Tansley saw ecosystems as "mental isolates," rather than just natural units.
• Tansley coined the word "ecotope" to describe the spatial extent of ecosystems. An ecosystem is a group of living organisms that communicate as a system with the nonliving elements of their environment.
• Nutrient cycles and energy flows bind these biotic and abiotic components together.
• External and internal factors influence how ecosystems work.
• External factors such as climate, parent material that shapes soil, and topography affect an ecosystem's overall structure.

The Correct Answer is Maharashtra.

Key Points

• Maharashtra state incorporated ‘Environmental Education’ as a subject in the school curriculum for the first time.
• Following the order of the Honourable Supreme Court of India, environmental education (EE) has been implemented as a standard course in the formal school education system in India.
• Prior to this order, many EE-related programmes in schools and communities were in place throughout the world.
• One of these programmes was the federally funded "Environmental Orientation to School Education (EOSE)" initiative.
• It was hoped that by using local examples and resources, this curriculum would help to orient schoolchildren to their immediate surroundings.
• The Scheme will be implemented by three Nodal Agencies named by the Ministry of Human Resource Development of the Government of India.
• The Ministry named three nodal agencies based on these goals:
• The Centre for Environment Education (CEE) in Ahmedabad
• CPR Environment Education in Chennai
• Uttarakhand Seva Nidhi in Almora
• These nodal agencies were tasked with developing and implementing environmental education programmes in schools, in collaboration with other state government agencies and non-governmental organisations.

The correct answer is Chlorofluorocarbons(CFCs).

Key Points

• The main reason behind ozone layer depletion is Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) gas.
• Other gases like carbon tetrachloride, Halon, Freon also destroy the ozone layer.
• Ozone layer depletion is the thinning of the ozone layer present in the atmosphere.
• The depletion happens when carbon and bromine molecule of the atmosphere comes in touch with ozone.
• 1000 molecules of ozone can be destroyed by one molecule of chlorine.

Important Points

• Ozone:
• Chemical Formula: O3
• Ozone is the Allotropes of oxygen.
• The Colour of the ozone is Light blue.
• Ozone Day: 16 September.
• The ozone layer is the protection guard of Earth.
• It protects us from UV rays.
• The thickness of the ozone layer is measured in Dobson.
• The spectrophotometer is used to measure ozone depletion.
• The ozone layer is thick at the pole and thin at the Equator.
• Montreal protocol:
• It was proposed in 1987 for the protection of the ozone layer.
• Montreal is the city of Canada.
• The main aim of the protocol is to stop the import or export of ozone-depleting substances.
• List of ozone-depleting substance and their sources:

• India declared freon gas-free in 1999.
• India declared halon gas-free in 2003.

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The Correct Answer is Indira Gandhi Canal.

Key Points

• The Indira Gandhi Canal is a significant step toward reclaiming the Thar Desert and preventing desertification in agricultural areas.
• In 1965, a planting programme to green the desert in the vicinity of the Indira Gandhi Canal was launched. India's longest canal is the Indira Gandhi Canal.
• It begins at Harike, a few kilometres below the confluence of the Satluj and Beas rivers in the Indian state of Punjab, and ends at irrigation facilities in the Thar Desert in Rajasthan's northwestern corner.
• It was previously known as the Rajasthan Canal, but after Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's assassination on November 2, 1984, it was called the Indira Gandhi Canal.
• The canal is divided into two sections: the Rajasthan feeder canal, which runs for 167 kilometres in Punjab and Haryana and another 37 kilometres in Rajasthan, and the Rajasthan main canal, which runs for 445 kilometres entirely within Rajasthan.
• Dynamic trend of land degradation along the Indira Gandhi Canal has been observed especially in the areas around Jaisalmer District

Important Points

• The Ganges Canal is an irrigation system that runs between the Ganges River and the Yamuna River in India, irrigating the Doab area.
• The Sirhind Canal is a large irrigation canal in Punjab, India, that transports water from the Sutlej River. It was built in 1882 CE and is one of the oldest and largest irrigation works in the Indus river system.
• The Agra Canal is a significant Indian irrigation project that runs from Okhla in Delhi to Agra. The Agra canal begins at the Okhla barrage, which is located downstream of the Nizamuddin bridge.

The correct answer is Totality of all species, all genes, and all ecosystems.

Key Points 

• The total variety of life found on earth is called biodiversity.
• Biodiversity refers to the variation of living organisms at the genetic and species level.
• Healthy biodiversity creates a good and healthy ecosystem.
• Convention for the conservation of biodiversity:
• Cartegena convention
• Nagoya convention

The correct answer is Sulphur dioxide and Nitrogen oxide

Key Points

• Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide are both parts of smog (which is usually not visible ) and acid rain.
• Sulphur dioxide comes from the burning of coal and oil.
• It is very smelly.
• The main sources of SO₂ are power plants.
• Nitrogen oxide comes from the burning of fossil fuels (like gasoline). The main sources of NO are cars, trucks, and power plants.

Important Points

• Acid rain:
• It is a broad term that includes any form of precipitation with acidic components, such as sulfuric or nitric acid that fall to the ground from the atmosphere in wet or dry forms.
• This can include rain, snow, fog, hail or even dust that is acidic.
• ​​Causes of Acid Rain:
• ​Burning of fossil fuels to generate electricity.
• Two-thirds of SO₂ and one-fourth of NO_X in the atmosphere come from electric power generators.
• Vehicles and heavy equipment.
• Manufacturing, oil refineries and other industries.
• Measuring of Acid Rain:
• ​Acidity and alkalinity are measured using a pH scale for which 7.0 is neutral.
• The lower a substance's pH (less than 7), the more acidic it is; the higher a substance's pH (greater than 7), the more alkaline it is. Normal rain has a pH of about 5.6; it is slightly acidic because carbon dioxide (CO₂) dissolves into it forming weak carbonic acid.
• Acid rain usually has a pH between 4.2 and 4.4.

Additional Information

The correct match for the given code is:

(A) - (2), (B) - (4), (C) - (3), (D) - (1)

Explanation:

A. Megatherm matches with 2. Equatorial Region.

B. Mesotherm matches with 4. Temperate Region.

C. Microtherm matches with 3. Tropical Region.

D. Hekistherm matches with 1. Tundra Region.

Key Points

(A) - (2): Megatherm refers to plants adapted to hot and humid climates.

• These types of plants are commonly found in the Equatorial Region, which is characterized by high temperatures, high humidity, and abundant rainfall.
• Therefore, the correct match for Megatherm is the Equatorial Region, coded as (2).

(B) - (4): Mesotherm refers to plants adapted to moderate climates.

• These plants thrive in temperate regions, which experience moderate temperatures and distinct seasons. The Temperate Region is known for its moderate climate and is the appropriate match for Mesotherm, coded as (4).

(C) - (3): Microtherm refers to plants adapted to cold climates.

• These plants are typically found in regions with low temperatures, such as the Arctic and subarctic regions.
• The Tropical Region, characterized by its warm and humid climate, is not the correct match for Microtherm. Therefore, the Tropical Region should be coded as (3).

(D) - (1): Hekistherm is not a widely recognized term for classifying plants based on climatic regions.

• Hence, it cannot be accurately matched to any specific climatic region.
• As a result, the Tundra Region, known for its cold temperatures and low-lying vegetation, is the most suitable match for Hekistherm and should be coded as (1).

Based on the correct matches, the accurate match is (A) - (2), (B) - (4), (C) - (3), (D) - (1).

The Correct Answer is SC/STs and Women.

Key Points

• The Stand Up India Scheme helps at least one scheduled caste (SC) or scheduled tribe (ST), borrower, and at least one woman borrower per bank branch to set up a greenfield enterprise with bank loans ranging from ten lakh to one crore.
• This enterprise/company may be in the manufacturing, retail, or trading industries.
• In non-individual companies, at least 51 percent of the shareholding and controlling interest should be owned by an SC/ST or a woman entrepreneur.
• Eligibility: 
• Age: 18 years or above
• Only greenfield projects are eligible for the scheme's loans. In this sense, GreenField denotes the beneficiary's first foray into the manufacturing, services, or trading sectors.
• The stand-up India Portal provides prospective borrowers with information on various types of handholding assistance from various agencies, as well as a window to contact banks to obtain loans.