Search Previous Year Questions

The correct answer is Paris Peace Conference.

Key Points

• The First World War took place from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.
• It was a global war fought between the Allies (the French Empire, the British Empire, the Russian Empire, the United States of America and others) and the Central Powers (the German Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Ottoman Empire).
• After the Paris Peace Conference of 1919, the signing of the Treaty of Versailles on 28 June 1919, between Germany on the one side and France, Italy, Britain and other minor allied powers on the other, officially ended the war between those countries.
• Treaty of Versailles
• It was the primary treaty produced by the Paris Peace Conference at the end of World War I. It was signed on June 28, 1919, by the Allied and associated powers and by Germany.
• The treaty included the Covenant of the League of Nations, in which members guaranteed each other’s independence and territorial integrity. Economic sanctions would be applied against any member who resorted to war.
• The league was to supervise mandated territories, the occupied Saar Basin, and Danzig and to formulate plans for reducing armaments. The treaty also established the Permanent Court of International Justice and the International Labour Organization.

Additional Information

• International Labour Organization (ILO)
• It is a specialized UN agency, tripartite in nature with governments, employers, and workers as members. It was established in 1919 by the Treaty of Versailles.
• At present, the ILO has 185 Members and its headquarters is in Geneva, Switzerland.
• India is one of the founding members of the International Labour Organization which came into existence in 1919 and has been a permanent member of the ILO Governing Body since 1922.
• The principal function of the ILO is to take care of the interests of the workers by means of setting up the international labour standards in the form of Conventions and Recommendations.
• The ILO has so far adopted 189 Conventions and 202 Recommendations.

The correct answer is India and Mongolia.

Key Points

• The 14^th edition of Nomadic Elephant was conducted from 05 Oct 20119 to 18 Oct 20119 at Bakloh, Mongolia.
• It is a joint military exercise between India and Mongolia.
• The Mongolian Army was represented by officers and troops of the elite 084 Air Borne Special Task Battalion while the Indian Army was represented by a contingent of a battalion of Rajputana Rifles.
• A Military Exercise is when the Military uses its resources in training and exploring the effects of warfare or testing strategies to prepare for actual combat.
• As India is the 4^th most powerful country in terms of Military strength, it is important for our country to keep our position strong by maintaining coordination in all the three military forces (Army, Navy, Airforce) and train them for any situation.

Additional Information

            Different Famous Military Exercices

The correct answer is Indira Gandhi and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.

Key Points

• On the day of 02 July 1972, Shimla Agreement was signed between Indira Gandhi and Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto at Shimla of Himachal Pradesh.
• It was a peace treaty signed after the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971.
• It was signed 8 months after the Indo-Pakistani war of 1971, which led to the splitting of Pakistan and the consequent creation of Bangladesh had ended.
• Any differences shall be settled by peaceful means and through bilateral negotiations.
• Both countries shall respect the territorial integrity of each other and not interfere in the internal matters of each other.
• The treaty also had some other terms like renewing communications, telegraph, postal, airline relations, etc. It also talked about having exchanges in the field of culture and science.
• India released 93000 Pakistani prisoners of war (POWs) who were captured after the Bangladesh war.

Additional Information

• Indo-Pak war 1971 was the part of Bangladesh Liberation war.
• This war started on December 3, 1971, and ended on December 16, 1971.
• It is one of the shortest wars in history that lasted for 13 days.
• Vijay Diwas is observed on 16^th December every year to mark India's victory over Pakistan in the 1971 war.
• On 16^th December 1971, the chief of the Pakistani forces with 93,000 soldiers had surrendered unconditionally to the allied forces consisting of the Indian Army and Mukti Bahini in Dhaka.

The correct answer is Kalapani.

Key Points

• Kalapani
• It is located at an altitude of 3600m on the Kailash Manasarovar route.
• It borders Uttarakhand in India and Sudurpashchim Pradesh in Nepal.
• Since the Indo-China war of 1962, Kalapani is controlled by India’s Indo-Tibetan Border Police.
• The dispute is over the kali river, Nepal claims that the river present on the west of Kalapani is the main kali river so it belongs to Nepal and India claims that the river present on the east of Kalapani is the main kali river so it belongs to India.

Additional Information

• Treaty of Sugauli:
• Signed between Nepal and the British East India Company in 1816.
• According to the Treaty, the Kali River was located as Nepal’s western boundary with India.
• It made no mention of a ridgeline and subsequent maps of the areas drawn by British surveyors showed the source of the Kali river at different places.
• This discrepancy has led to the boundary disputes between India and Nepal, with each country producing maps including the territory in their area to support their claims.
• The exact size of the Kalapani territory also varies in different sources.

The correct answer is i & iii.

Key Points

• The Neemrana dialogue, one of the oldest Track-II initiatives between India and Pakistan. Hence the statement 1 is correct.
• It was held in Islamabad, Pakistan from April 28 - 30, 2018.
• The delegation was headed by former Ministry of Economics Affairs (MEA) secretary and Pakistan expert Vivek Katju, JS Rajput, former National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) head, was also a part of the delegation. Hence the statement 4 is not correct.
• Pakistan’s delegation was represented by former Foreign Minister of Pakistan Inam-Ul-Haq and former governor of the State Bank of Pakistan Dr Ishrat Husain.
• The Government of India described the revival of Neemrana dialogue, track II diplomacy as just a normal process which entails people-to-people exchanges between India and Pakistan. Hence the statement 3 is correct.

Additional Information

• Neemrana dialogue
• The bilateral dialogue gets its name from the Neemrana Fort,Rajasthan where it was first held in 1991-1992.
• It was reported that the two sides discussed issues related to Kashmir, Siachen, terrorism, cross-border firing and also Sir Creek.

The correct answer is ​i, ii, iii & iv only.

Key Points

• The size of the whole universe is unknown, and it might be infinite in extent.
• According to the Big Bang theory, the very early Universe was an extremely hot and dense state about 13.8 billion years ago which rapidly expanded.
• About 380,000 years later the Universe had cooled sufficiently to allow protons and electrons to combine and form hydrogen—the so-called recombination epoch.
• When this happened, matter and energy became decoupled, allowing photons to travel freely through the continually expanding space.
• The matter that remained following the initial expansion has since undergone gravitational collapse to create stars, galaxies, and other astronomical objects, leaving behind a deep vacuum that forms what is now called outer space.
• Outer space is not completely empty—it is a hard vacuum containing a low density of particles, predominantly a plasma of hydrogen and helium, as well as electromagnetic radiation, magnetic fields, neutrinos, dust, and cosmic rays.

Additional Information

• The final boundary between the Earth and the outer space (magnetosphere) is called the magnetopause.
• The magnetopause is a region of the Earth’s Magnetosphere.
• The boundary between the Earth and outer space dominated by the planet's magnetic field.

The correct answer is Ascorbic Acid.

Key Points

• Vitamin C also known as ascorbic acid is a water-soluble vitamin that is naturally present in some foods, added to others, and available as a dietary supplement.
• The Vitamin B complex refers to all of the known essential water-soluble vitamins except for vitamin C.
• The Essential water-soluble vitamins include.
• Thiamine (vitamin B1)
• Riboflavin (vitamin B2)
• Niacin (Vitamin B3)
• Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5)
• Pyridoxine (vitamin B6), biotin, folic acid, and the cobalamins (vitamin B12)

Additional Information

• Vitamin B plays a vital role in maintaining good health and well-being. As the building blocks of a healthy body, B vitamins have a direct impact on your energy levels, brain function, and cell metabolism.
• Vitamin B are especially important for women who are pregnant and breastfeeding. These vitamins aid in fetal brain development as well as reduce the risk of birth defects.
• And for expectant mothers, B vitamins may boost energy levels, ease nausea, and lower the risk of developing preeclampsia.
• Vitamin B are thought to increase testosterone levels in men, which naturally decrease with age. They may also help men build muscle and increase strength. However, human studies confirming these claims are lacking.
• Each member of the B-complex has a unique structure and performs unique functions in the human body.
• Vitamins B1, B2, B3, and biotin participate in different aspects of energy production, vitamin B6 is essential for amino acid metabolism, and vitamin B12 and folic acid facilitate steps required for cell division.

The correct answer is John McCarthy.

Key Points

• The Father of Artificial Intelligence is John McCarthy.
• John McCarthy (September 4, 1927 – October 24, 2011) was an American computer scientist and cognitive scientist.
• McCarthy was one of the founders of the discipline of artificial intelligence.
• He co-authored the document that coined the term "artificial intelligence" (AI), developed the Lisp programming language family, significantly influenced the design of the ALGOL programming language, popularized time-sharing, invented garbage collection, and was very influential in the early development of AI.

Additional Information

• Father of Computer - Charles Babbage
• Father of Radio - Lee De Forest
• Inventor of Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer - J.P. Eckert

The correct answer is A-iv, B-iii, C-i, D-ii.

Key Points

• Alan Turning
• He is known as the “Father of Modern Computing”
• He was the first to suggest that machines can be made to solve complex problems.
• He paved the way for the creation of calculating machines which were later known as computers.
• Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier
• He is considered the “Father of modern chemistry”.
• He was the first to establish that sulfur was an element, not a compound.
• In 1778, he named oxygen and in 1783 he named hydrogen.
• He discovered the law of conservation of mass. i.e The law of conservation of mass states that mass in an isolated system is neither created nor destroyed by chemical reactions or physical transformations.
• Isaac Newton
• He is known as the "Father of Physics".
• He is well known for his discoveries in optics (white light composition) and mathematics (calculus)
• He formulated the three laws of motion—the basic principles of modern physics.
• His formulation of the laws of motion resulted in the law of universal gravitation.
• Gregor Mendel
• He is known as the "Father of Genetics".
• He proposed the law of heredity through his work on pea plants and discovered the fundamental laws of inheritance.
• The Laws of Inheritance:
• Law of dominance and uniformity
• Law of segregation
• Law of independent assortment

The correct answer is Geotropism.

Key Points

• Geotropism is the growth of the parts of plants in response to the force of gravity.
• The root of a plant growing down into the ground is an example of geotropism.
• The upward growth of plant parts, against gravity, is called negative geotropism.
• The downward growth of roots is called positive geotropism.

Additional Information

• Phototropism is the growth of a plant in response to a light stimulus.
• If the plant grows towards the light source, it is called positive phototropism.
• If the plant grows away from the light source, it is called negative phototropism.
• Hydrotropism - Growth of the parts of plants towards the water or moisture.
• Magnetotropism is the movement or plant growth in response to the stimulus provided by the magnetic field in plants (specifically agricultural plants) around the world.