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Question 41

Teaching Exams 2023• General English

Direction : Read the passage and answer the four choices given after each question that follows:

"Not all agricultural societies become civilizations, but no civilization can become one without passing through the stage of agriculture. This is because at some stage in the development of agriculture, as productivity improves, not all people would need to be engaged in producing or procuring food. A significant number of people could be freed up to pursue outer activities such as building walls or monuments for new cities; making new tools, weapons and jewellery; organizing long-distance trade; creating new artistic masterpieces; coming up with new inventions; keeping accounts; and perhaps constructing new public infrastructure such as irrigation canals that further improve the productivity of agriculture, thus realizing even more people to do new things.

This can happen, of course, only if a society that has transitioned to high productivity agriculture has also, at some stage in its evolution, found a way to channel the bonanza of free time into other work fruitfully. In the ancient world, this often involved creating new ideologies and new hierarchies or power structures to coerce or otherwise convince large groups of people to devote their time to the new tasks for very little reward.

Which one of the following statements is true according to the author?

  1. AOption (a)

    Agriculture has always been part of all civilizations.

  2. BOption (b)

    Not all civilizations have undergone the processes of agriculture.

  3. COption (c)

    Agriculture gave birth to new civilizations.

  4. DOption (d)

    Communities discontinued agriculture to become civilizations.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (c)C.

Agriculture gave birth to new civilizations.

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is 'Agriculture gave birth to new civilizations.'

Key Points

  • The passage states that no civilization can become one without passing through the stage of agriculture, indicating that agriculture is foundational for the formation of civilizations.
  • Improved agricultural productivity allows people to engage in other activities beyond food production.
  • These activities can include building cities and infrastructure, trading, and developing new technologies, which are crucial components of a civilization.
  • Therefore, agriculture provides the economic base that enables the development of complex societies, which are necessary for civilizations.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Question 42

Teaching Exams 2023• General English

Direction : Read the passage and answer the four choices given after each question that follows:

"Not all agricultural societies become civilizations, but no civilization can become one without passing through the stage of agriculture. This is because at some stage in the development of agriculture, as productivity improves, not all people would need to be engaged in producing or procuring food. A significant number of people could be freed up to pursue outer activities such as building walls or monuments for new cities; making new tools, weapons and jewellery; organizing long-distance trade; creating new artistic masterpieces; coming up with new inventions; keeping accounts; and perhaps constructing new public infrastructure such as irrigation canals that further improve the productivity of agriculture, thus realizing even more people to do new things.

This can happen, of course, only if a society that has transitioned to high productivity agriculture has also, at some stage in its evolution, found a way to channel the bonanza of free time into other work fruitfully. In the ancient world, this often involved creating new ideologies and new hierarchies or power structures to coerce or otherwise convince large groups of people to devote their time to the new tasks for very little reward.

A significant number of people were sent to carry out other work from agriculture because: 

  1. AOption (a)

    there were insufficient agricultural products.

  2. BOption (b)

    people were needed to build monuments, weapons, jewellery, etc.

  3. COption (c)

    there were sufficient agricultural products.

  4. DOption (d)

    this enabled the development of civilizations.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (c)C.

there were sufficient agricultural products.

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is 'there were sufficient agricultural products.'

Key Points

  • The passage mentions that as agricultural productivity improves, not everyone needs to be involved in food production.
  • This surplus in agricultural production allows people to be freed up to pursue other activities.
  • These activities contribute to the development of civilization, as individuals can focus on building infrastructure, creating art, and engaging in trade.
  • The increased agricultural productivity thus enables the reassignment of labor to other important tasks.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'

Question 43

Teaching Exams 2023• General English

Direction : Read the passage and answer the four choices given after each question that follows:

"Not all agricultural societies become civilizations, but no civilization can become one without passing through the stage of agriculture. This is because at some stage in the development of agriculture, as productivity improves, not all people would need to be engaged in producing or procuring food. A significant number of people could be freed up to pursue outer activities such as building walls or monuments for new cities; making new tools, weapons and jewellery; organizing long-distance trade; creating new artistic masterpieces; coming up with new inventions; keeping accounts; and perhaps constructing new public infrastructure such as irrigation canals that further improve the productivity of agriculture, thus realizing even more people to do new things.

This can happen, of course, only if a society that has transitioned to high productivity agriculture has also, at some stage in its evolution, found a way to channel the bonanza of free time into other work fruitfully. In the ancient world, this often involved creating new ideologies and new hierarchies or power structures to coerce or otherwise convince large groups of people to devote their time to the new tasks for very little reward.

What kind of agriculture based societies would emerge as civilizations?

  1. AOption (a)

    Societies which achieved high productivity in agriculture had the opportunity to find time for other work

  2. BOption (b)

    Societies which depended on agriculture completely moved to other fruitful work so as to move to many places.

  3. COption (c)

    Societies which transitioned from one stage of agriculture to another.

  4. DOption (d)

    Societies which could not do agriculture for lack of resources moved to other work.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (a)A.

Societies which achieved high productivity in agriculture had the opportunity to find time for other work

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is 'Societies which achieved high productivity in agriculture had the opportunity to find time for other work.'

Key Points

  • High productivity in agriculture means that fewer people are needed to produce sufficient food.
  • This surplus allows a portion of the population to engage in other productive activities essential for forming civilizations.
  • These activities could range from building infrastructure to engaging in trade and creating art.
  • The evolution of a highly productive agricultural society is key to transitioning into a civilization.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'

Question 44

Teaching Exams 2023• General English

Direction : Read the passage and answer the four choices given after each question that follows:

"Not all agricultural societies become civilizations, but no civilization can become one without passing through the stage of agriculture. This is because at some stage in the development of agriculture, as productivity improves, not all people would need to be engaged in producing or procuring food. A significant number of people could be freed up to pursue outer activities such as building walls or monuments for new cities; making new tools, weapons and jewellery; organizing long-distance trade; creating new artistic masterpieces; coming up with new inventions; keeping accounts; and perhaps constructing new public infrastructure such as irrigation canals that further improve the productivity of agriculture, thus realizing even more people to do new things.

This can happen, of course, only if a society that has transitioned to high productivity agriculture has also, at some stage in its evolution, found a way to channel the bonanza of free time into other work fruitfully. In the ancient world, this often involved creating new ideologies and new hierarchies or power structures to coerce or otherwise convince large groups of people to devote their time to the new tasks for very little reward.

People as groups were convinced to do new work through:

  1. AOption (a)

    reward, force and community persuasions.

  2. BOption (b)

    ideologies, hierarchies and power structures.

  3. COption (c)

    excessive agricultural products.

  4. DOption (d)

    very high rewards.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (b)B.

ideologies, hierarchies and power structures.

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is 'ideologies, hierarchies and power structures.'

Key Points

  • The passage explains that in ancient times, societies developed new ideologies and power structures to convince people to undertake new tasks.
  • These new social structures helped mobilize large groups of people for activities beyond agriculture.
  • Coercion and persuasion through these hierarchies were fundamental in organizing labor for new productive tasks.
  • These systems of governance and belief were necessary to channel labor into building and maintaining a civilization.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'

Question 45

Teaching Exams 2023• General English

Direction : Read the passage and answer the four choices given after each question that follows:

"Not all agricultural societies become civilizations, but no civilization can become one without passing through the stage of agriculture. This is because at some stage in the development of agriculture, as productivity improves, not all people would need to be engaged in producing or procuring food. A significant number of people could be freed up to pursue outer activities such as building walls or monuments for new cities; making new tools, weapons and jewellery; organizing long-distance trade; creating new artistic masterpieces; coming up with new inventions; keeping accounts; and perhaps constructing new public infrastructure such as irrigation canals that further improve the productivity of agriculture, thus realizing even more people to do new things.

This can happen, of course, only if a society that has transitioned to high productivity agriculture has also, at some stage in its evolution, found a way to channel the bonanza of free time into other work fruitfully. In the ancient world, this often involved creating new ideologies and new hierarchies or power structures to coerce or otherwise convince large groups of people to devote their time to the new tasks for very little reward.

Which word in the passage means 'changeover' ? 

  1. AOption (a)

    Transitioned

  2. BOption (b)

    Channel

  3. COption (c)

    Coerce

  4. DOption (d)

    Hierarchies

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (a)A.

Transitioned

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is 'Transitioned.'

Key Points

  • The word 'transitioned' in the passage is used in the context of societies moving from basic agriculture to high productivity agriculture.
  • 'Transitioned' refers to the process of changing from one state or condition to another.
  • The passage highlights how this change or shift enables the development of civilization by freeing people to engage in other activities.
  • Therefore, 'transitioned' accurately captures the idea of changeover as required in the question.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'

Question 46

Teaching Exams 2023• General English

Directions

In this question, four alternatives are given. Choose the alternative which best meaning of the idiom/phrase:

The actress took cue from her brother and became successful

  1. AOption (a)

    some help

  2. BOption (b)

    a hint

  3. COption (c)

    some money

  4. DOption (d)

    learnt acting

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (b)B.

a hint

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is 'a hint.'

Key Points

  • The idiom "take cue from" means to follow someone's example or take a hint from someone's actions. ( "संकेत लेना")
  • The phrase suggests the actress observed her brother and used his behavior or strategies as a guide.
  • Example: "She took a cue from her instructor and improved her technique."

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

 Additional Information

  • Option 1: "some help" means providing assistance.
  • Option 3: "some money" means financial assistance.
  • Option 4: "learnt acting" means acquiring acting skills.

Question 47

Teaching Exams 2023• General English

Directions: Selecting the correct sentence comprises four alternatives:

  1. AOption (a)

    A good teacher provides a student all the useful information

  2. BOption (b)

    A good teacher provides to a student all the useful information.

  3. COption (c)

    A good teacher provides a student with all the useful information.

  4. DOption (d)

    A good teacher provides to student with all the useful information.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (c)C.

A good teacher provides a student with all the useful information.

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is 'A good teacher provides a student with all the useful information.'

Key Points

  • The correct prepositional phrase is "provides someone with something."
  • The sentence uses the correct structure: subject ("A good teacher"), verb ("provides"), indirect object ("a student"), and prepositional phrase ("with all the useful information").
  • Correct use of the preposition "with" makes the sentence complete and unambiguous.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'

Additional Information

  • Option 1: Incorrect, missing the preposition "with."
  • Option 2: Incorrect, misplaces the preposition "to."
  • Option 4: Incorrect, includes an extra preposition "to."

Question 48

Teaching Exams 2023• General English

Directions

Out of four alternatives, choose the one which can be substituted for the given words/sentence.

A process involving too much official formality:

  1. AOption (a)

    Bureaucracy

  2. BOption (b)

    Nepotism

  3. COption (c)

    Red-tapism

  4. DOption (d)

    Diplomacy

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (c)C.

Red-tapism

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is 'Red-tapism.'

Key Points

  • "Red-tapism" refers to excessive regulation or rigid conformity to formal rules that leads to delay or inaction.
  • Example : "The project was delayed due to red-tapism in the government offices."
  • It highlights unnecessary complications and bureaucratic hurdles.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

 Additional Information

  • Option 1: "Bureaucracy" is a broader term for systems of government or administration.
  • Option 2: "Nepotism" refers to favoritism granted to relatives.
  • Option 4: "Diplomacy" refers to managing international relations.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Question 49

Teaching Exams 2023• General English

Directions

Out of four alternatives, choose the one which can be substituted for the given words/sentence.

One who leaves his own country to settle in another;

  1. AOption (a)

    Foreigner

  2. BOption (b)

    Tourist

  3. COption (c)

    Native

  4. DOption (d)

    Emigrant

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (d)D.

Emigrant

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is 'Emigrant.'

Key Points

  • An "emigrant" is a person who leaves their own country to settle in another country.("प्रवासी’)
  • Example: "Many emigrants left Europe for America in the 19th century."
  • It emphasizes the act of leaving one's homeland to establish residency elsewhere.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

 Additional Information

  • Option 1: "Foreigner" refers to someone who belongs to a country other than the one they are in.
  • Option 2: "Tourist" refers to someone traveling for pleasure.
  • Option 3: "Native" refers to a person born in a specified place or associated with a place by birth.

Question 50

Teaching Exams 2023• General English

Directions

Complete the sentences with suitable alternatives:

The punch made the boxer ________ with pain

  1. AOption (a)

    wince

  2. BOption (b)

    gap

  3. COption (c)

    grumble

  4. DOption (d)

    fumble.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (a)A.

wince

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is 'wince.'

Key Points

  • "Wince" means to give a slight involuntary grimace or shrinking movement out of pain or distress.
  • Example  - He couldn't help but wince when the needle pricked his skin
  • It conveys an instant reaction to pain, fitting the context of a boxer's reaction.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

 Additional Information

  • Option 2: "gap" is incorrect as it doesn’t relate to the physical reaction to pain.
  • Option 3: "grumble" means to complain, irrelevant to a physical pain reaction.
  • Option 4: "fumble" means to handle something clumsily, not related to pain reaction.