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A closed system containing an ideal gas undergoes a process from state 1 to state 2 along two different paths. Along path A, the system receives 500 kJ of heat and does 300 kJ of work. Along path B, it receives 700 kJ of heat and does 500 kJ of work. The initial and final states are identical in both cases. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

A cyclic heat engine operates between two thermal reservoirs. During one complete cycle, the net work output is positive, and the internal energy of the working fluid remains unchanged.

Which of the following cannot be determined using the First Law alone?

A closed system undergoes an adiabatic expansion process with significant frictional effects inside the system. No heat interaction occurs with the surroundings.

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A rigid body experiences a force F at point A, producing specific external effects. The same force F is then applied at point B along the identical line of action, where B is closer to the center of mass than A. For a perfectly rigid body, considering only external effects, which statement is MOST CORRECT?

A rigid body initially at rest is acted upon by a single force F. An additional force system is then applied such that its net force and net moment are both zero. Simultaneously, the original force F is shifted along its line of action to a new point on the body. Which conclusion is correct?

Two forces, P and Q, act simultaneously at a point on a body, with an angle \( \theta \) between them. Their resultant is found using the parallelogram law of forces. Consider also a gravitational system where two masses attract each other with equal-magnitude, opposite-direction forces. Which statement best explains the common fundamental principle behind both situations?

Two forces of magnitudes P=40 N and Q=60 N act at a point, making an angle of 60°between them. Using the

parallelogram law, the resultant force (in N) and angle with force P (in degrees) are:

Three forces P, Q, and R keep a particle in equilibrium. The angles between them are: between Q and R = 90°, between P and R = 60°, between P and Q = 210°. If Q = 100 N, find P and R.

Varignon's principle of moments states that the moment of the resultant force about any point equals:

A rectangle of width b and depth d has its base on the x-axis. The moment of inertia about the base is: