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The correct answer is option 1.

Key Points

The correctly spelled word is 'Causticity'.

• Causticity is a noun that means the quality of being sarcastic in a bitter or scathing way. (कटुता)
• For Example -
• Her causticity often made people uncomfortable during conversations.

Therefore, the correct answer would be 'Causticity'.

Additional Information

Let's understand why the other options are incorrect - 

• Costicity - This is not a valid English word.
• Cawstic - This is an incorrect spelling of the word 'Caustic'.
• Caustisity - This is a misspelling of 'Causticity'.

The correct answer is: Reformer.

Key Points

• The word "Reformer" refers to a person who works to bring about positive changes in society, systems, or institutions. They aim to improve the existing conditions by introducing reforms. (सुधारक)
• Example: Mahatma Gandhi was a great reformer who advocated for non-violence and social change.
• In this context, the term describes someone who actively supports change for the betterment of the system or society.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Reformer.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Conservative (रूढ़िवादी): Refers to a person who is resistant to change and prefers to maintain traditional values and practices.
• Example: He is a conservative who opposes any reforms in the educational system.
• Radical (उग्रवादी): Refers to someone who advocates for thorough or complete political or social change, often through revolutionary means.
• Example: The radical leaders demanded immediate and drastic changes in the government policies.
• Constitutionalist (संवैधानिकवादी): Refers to a person who supports or adheres to the principles of a constitution, particularly a written one.
• Example: As a constitutionalist, he always emphasizes the importance of rule of law in governance.

The correct answer is: Antediluvian.

Key Points

• The word "Antediluvian" means extremely old-fashioned or outdated; it refers to something that existed before the biblical flood. (पुरातन)
• Example: Her ideas about gender roles are so antediluvian that they seem out of place in the modern world.
• "Antediluvian" is derived from the Latin words "ante" (before) and "diluvium" (flood), meaning before the flood. (बाढ़ से पहले का)
• Example: The antediluvian artifacts found in the excavation site amazed the archaeologists.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Antediluvian.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Tale (कहानी): A story, especially one that is imaginative or fictitious.
• Example: The children were captivated by the tale of the brave knight and the dragon.
• Obsolete (प्राचीन या अप्रचलित): No longer in use or outdated.
• Example: Typewriters have become obsolete in the age of computers.
• Medieval (मध्यकालीन): Relating to the Middle Ages, roughly the period from the 5^th to the late 15^th century.
• Example: The medieval castle stood tall as a reminder of the region's rich history.

The correct answer is 'disregarded'.

Key Points

• The anthropologist's findings were considered controversial, which suggests that they were not immediately accepted.
• The word "disregarded" fits this context as it means "ignored" or "not given importance."
• Options 2 ("celebrated"), 3 ("acclaimed"), and 4 ("adopted") imply positive reception, which contradicts the idea of controversy.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

Complete Sentence: "The anthropologist's findings were considered so controversial that they were initially disregarded."

Additional Information

• Option 2: "celebrated" is incorrect because controversial findings are unlikely to be celebrated immediately.
• Option 3: "acclaimed" is incorrect because acclaim typically follows widespread acceptance, not controversy.
• Option 4: "adopted" is incorrect because adopting something implies approval, which contradicts the initial controversy.

The correct answer is Option 4.

Key Points

• The error lies in the use of "their" in part 4 of the sentence.
• The pronoun "their" is plural, but the subject "each employee" is singular.
• To maintain grammatical consistency, the singular pronoun "his or her" should be used instead of "their."
• Thus, the correct phrase should be "irrespective of his or her position."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

Correct Sentence: "The draft policy outlines that each employee must adhere to the code of conduct irrespective of his or her position."

Additional Information

• Option 1: "The draft policy outlines" – This part of the sentence is grammatically correct and does not require any changes.
• Option 2: "that each employee must adhere to" – This part of the sentence is grammatically correct and does not require any changes.
• Option 3: "the code of conduct" – This part of the sentence is grammatically correct and does not require any changes.

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

• Passive voice structure: The object of the active voice sentence becomes the subject of the passive voice sentence.
• In the active voice, the sentence is: "They were showing the movie at 7 pm."
• To convert to passive voice: Place the object "the movie" at the beginning.
• Change the active verb form "were showing" to "was being shown" (past continuous passive).
• Ensure the time phrase "at 7 pm" remains at the end of the sentence for clarity.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

Correct Sentence: "The movie was being shown at 7 pm."

Additional Information

• Option 1: "The movie is shown at 7 pm." – Incorrect tense (present simple passive).
• Option 2: "The movie was shown at 7 pm." – Incorrect tense (past simple passive).
• Option 4: "The movie has been shown at 7 pm." – Incorrect tense (present perfect passive).

The correct answer is Option 2.

Key Points

• The error lies in part 2 of the sentence.
• The phrase "so devoid of legal merit, nor so conspicuously intended" is incorrect because "nor" is used incorrectly in this context.
• "Nor" is generally used in negative sentences following "neither." Here, "and" would be appropriate instead of "nor."
• Thus, the correct sentence should use "and" instead of "nor" to ensure grammatical accuracy and proper sentence construction.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

Correct Sentence: "Rarely had the court encountered a petition so devoid of legal merit, and so conspicuously intended to attract media attention rather than judicial remedy."

Additional Information

• Part 1: "Rarely had the court encountered a petition" – This part is correct and does not require any changes.
• Part 3: "to attract media attention rather than judicial remedy" – This part is also correct and does not require any changes.

The correct answer is: Option 3.

Key Points

• The word "simony" refers to the buying or selling of ecclesiastical privileges, such as pardons or benefices. (धार्मिक पदों की खरीद-फरोख्त)
• Example: The bishop condemned the act of selling indulgences as simony.
• The correct homonym of "simony" in the given options is "simony" as used in a different context, referring to its application in a formula by the alchemist." However, this is incorrect usage, as the word is being used in an unrelated and incorrect sense here. (गलत संदर्भ में उपयोग)
• Example: The alchemist failed to explain the simony in his formulas. (Incorrect usage).

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Option 1: "The preacher was accused of simony for charging for blessings." (धार्मिक सेवाओं के लिए शुल्क लेने को पाप माना गया।)
• This option correctly uses "simony" in the context of selling religious privileges.
• Option 2: "The court equated indulgence-selling with simony." (अदालत ने धार्मिक वस्त्र बेचने को सिमोनी के समान बताया।)
• This is also a correct usage of "simony" in the context of selling indulgences.
• Option 4: "Simony was rampant in medieval ecclesiastical courts." (मध्यकालीन धार्मिक अदालतों में सिमोनी व्यापक रूप से प्रचलित थी।)
• This is also a correct use of the word, describing its prevalence in history.

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

• Passive voice structure: The subject of the active voice sentence becomes the object of the passive voice sentence.
• The original sentence is in passive voice: "A decision has been taken to have the proposal reviewed by an external panel."
• To convert to active voice, identify the implied subject ("They") and rewrite the sentence with an active structure.
• The correct active voice sentence is: "They have decided to get the proposal reviewed by an external panel."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

Correct Sentence: "They have decided to get the proposal reviewed by an external panel."

Additional Information

• Option 1: "An external panel has reviewed the proposal." – This is incorrect as it implies the action is already completed rather than being decided upon.
• Option 2: "The proposal is being reviewed by an external panel." – This is incorrect as it reflects an ongoing process, not a decision.
• Option 3: "They have decided to get the proposal reviewed by an external panel." – Correct. This reflects the active voice equivalent of the passive sentence.
• Option 4: "The proposal was reviewed by the panel as per the decision." – Incorrect as it changes the tense and implies the review has already occurred.

The correct answer is 'of winning the match'.

Key Points

• The phrase "confident of winning" is the correct expression to use when referring to someone's confidence in their ability to win.
• The highlighted part, "confident to win", is grammatically incorrect and needs to be replaced.
• Option 1 (of to win) and Option 4 (on winning match) are grammatically incorrect.
• Option 2 (that she wins) changes the intended meaning of the sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

Complete Sentence: "She is confident of winning the match."

Additional Information

• Option 1: "of to win" is incorrect because "of to" is not a valid construction in English grammar.
• Option 2: "that she wins" changes the meaning of the sentence, suggesting a possibility rather than confidence.
• Option 4: "on winning match" is incorrect due to grammatical errors and missing the article "the" before "match".