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Question 261

SSC Combined Graduate Level (CGL) 2025• English Comprehension• English Comprehension

Select the correct option:

The discovery, ____ was unexpected, altered the trajectory of the entire study.

  1. AOption (a)

    that

  2. BOption (b)

    which

  3. COption (c)

    what

  4. DOption (d)

    whose

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (b)B.

which

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is 'which'.

 

Key Points

  • The word "which" is used to introduce a non-restrictive clause that provides additional information about the discovery.
  • In this sentence, the clause "which was unexpected" adds context without altering the fundamental meaning of the sentence.
  • Option 1: "that" is incorrect here because it is used for restrictive clauses, and this sentence doesn’t require one.
  • Option 3: "what" is incorrect because "what" does not fit grammatically in this context.
  • Option 4: "whose" is incorrect as it is used to indicate possession, which is not applicable here.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

 

Complete Sentence: "The discovery, which was unexpected, altered the trajectory of the entire study."

 

Additional Information

  • Option 1: "that" would make the clause restrictive, which is not suitable for this sentence.
  • Option 3: "what" is typically used to mean "the thing that," and does not fit the structure of this sentence.
  • Option 4: "whose" suggests possession, which does not align with the intended meaning of the sentence.

Question 262

SSC Combined Graduate Level (CGL) 2025• English Comprehension• English Comprehension

Find the part of the sentence that contains an error:

Not only does the report fail to address the structural gaps, (1)/ but also it overlooks the more pressing issue (2)/ of community exclusion which, according to activists, (3)/ have been systematically ignored for years. (4)

  1. AOption (a)

    1

  2. BOption (b)

    2

  3. COption (c)

    3

  4. DOption (d)

    4

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (d)D.

4

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is Option 4.

 

Key Points

  • The error lies in part 4 of the sentence.
  • The subject of the clause is "community exclusion," which is singular. Therefore, the verb used should also be singular.
  • The verb "have" in part 4 is incorrect and should be replaced with "has."
  • The corrected sentence ensures subject-verb agreement.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

 

Correct Sentence: "Not only does the report fail to address the structural gaps, but also it overlooks the more pressing issue of community exclusion which, according to activists, has been systematically ignored for years."

 

Additional Information

  • Part 1: "Not only does the report fail to address the structural gaps," – This part is grammatically correct and does not require any changes.
  • Part 2: "but also it overlooks the more pressing issue" – This part is also correct and does not need modification.
  • Part 3: "of community exclusion which, according to activists," – This part is free from errors.
  • Part 4: "have been systematically ignored for years." – The error is here, as explained above.

Question 263

SSC Combined Graduate Level (CGL) 2025• English Comprehension• English Comprehension

Change the following from active to passive:

Did the analysts anticipate the sudden market downturn?

  1. AOption (a)

    Was the sudden market downturn anticipated from the analysts?

  2. BOption (b)

    Had the sudden market downturn been anticipated by the analysts?

  3. COption (c)

    Was the sudden market downturn anticipated by the analysts?

  4. DOption (d)

    Is the sudden market downturn being anticipated by the analysts?

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (c)C.

Was the sudden market downturn anticipated by the analysts?

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

  • Passive voice structure: The object of the active voice sentence becomes the subject of the passive voice sentence.
  • In the active voice, the sentence is: "Did the analysts anticipate the sudden market downturn?"
  • To convert to passive voice: Place the object "the sudden market downturn" at the beginning.
  • Change the active verb form "did anticipate" to "was anticipated" (past simple passive).
  • Add the preposition "by" followed by the original subject "the analysts."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Correct Sentence: "Was the sudden market downturn anticipated by the analysts?"

 

Additional Information

  • Option 1: "Was the sudden market downturn anticipated from the analysts?" – Incorrect preposition usage ("from" instead of "by").
  • Option 2: "Had the sudden market downturn been anticipated by the analysts?" – Incorrect tense (past perfect passive).
  • Option 4: "Is the sudden market downturn being anticipated by the analysts?" – Incorrect tense (present continuous passive).

Question 264

SSC Combined Graduate Level (CGL) 2025• English Comprehension• English Comprehension

Select the sentence containing the homonym of the highlighted word:

The monk carried a carved crosier into the sanctuary.

  1. AOption (a)

    The florist added white crosiers to the bouquet.

  2. BOption (b)

    The bishop's crosier gleamed under the candlelight.

  3. COption (c)

    The museum displayed a gilded 14th-century crosier.

  4. DOption (d)

    The abbot's ceremonial crosier was stolen.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (a)A.

The florist added white crosiers to the bouquet.

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is: Option 1.

Key Points

  • The word "crosier" refers to a ceremonial staff carried by high-ranking members of the clergy, such as bishops or abbots. (धार्मिक छड़ी)
  • Example: The bishop's crosier was adorned with intricate designs and gold embellishments.
  • The word "crosier" in Option 1 is used as a homonym and refers to a type of fern plant with curled fronds that resemble a shepherd’s crook. (फर्न पौधे की मुड़ी हुई पत्तियां)
  • Example: The florist added white crosiers to the bouquet to enhance its beauty.
  • Hence, Option 1 contains the homonym of the highlighted word.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 1.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

  • Option 2: Refers to the ceremonial staff carried by the bishop. (धार्मिक छड़ी)
  • Example: The bishop’s crosier gleamed under the candlelight during the service.
  • Option 3: Refers to a historical or decorative ceremonial staff displayed in a museum. (धार्मिक छड़ी)
  • Example: The museum displayed a gilded 14th-century crosier as part of its religious artifacts collection.
  • Option 4: Refers to the ceremonial staff used by an abbot. (धार्मिक छड़ी)
  • Example: The abbot’s ceremonial crosier was stolen from the monastery.

Question 265

SSC Combined Graduate Level (CGL) 2025• English Comprehension• English Comprehension

Convert the sentence provided below from its passive voice structure to an active voice structure:

The ministers were being briefed about the situation by the intelligence officers.

  1. AOption (a)

    The intelligence officers briefed the ministers about the situation.

  2. BOption (b)

    The intelligence officers had briefed the ministers.

  3. COption (c)

    The ministers were briefed by the intelligence officers.

  4. DOption (d)

    The intelligence officers were briefing the ministers.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (d)D.

The intelligence officers were briefing the ministers.

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is Option 4.

 

Key Points

  • Passive voice structure: In the passive voice, the subject receives the action, while in the active voice, the subject performs the action.
  • Original sentence in passive voice: "The ministers were being briefed about the situation by the intelligence officers."
  • To convert it to active voice, make the doer of the action ("the intelligence officers") the subject of the sentence.
  • The correct active voice sentence is: "The intelligence officers were briefing the ministers about the situation."
  • This retains the meaning and tense of the original sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

 

Correct Sentence: "The intelligence officers were briefing the ministers."

 

Additional Information

  • Option 1: "The intelligence officers briefed the ministers about the situation." – Incorrect tense (past simple instead of past continuous).
  • Option 2: "The intelligence officers had briefed the ministers." – Incorrect tense (past perfect instead of past continuous).
  • Option 3: "The ministers were briefed by the intelligence officers." – This is still in passive voice.
  • Option 4: "The intelligence officers were briefing the ministers." – Correct active voice conversion, matching the original tense.

Question 266

SSC Combined Graduate Level (CGL) 2025• English Comprehension• English Comprehension

Choose the most suitable option to replace the highlighted part of the sentence:

He is going to abroad for higher studies.

  1. AOption (a)

    is going abroad

  2. BOption (b)

    goes to abroad

  3. COption (c)

    is going to the abroad

  4. DOption (d)

    is going for abroad

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (a)A.

is going abroad

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is 'is going abroad'.

 

Key Points

  • The phrase "is going abroad" is grammatically correct and does not require the preposition "to" before "abroad."
  • The word "abroad" itself conveys the idea of traveling to a foreign country, so no additional prepositions are needed.
  • Options 2, 3, and 4 are grammatically incorrect as they misuse "to" or combine unnecessary words.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

 

Complete Sentence: "He is going abroad for higher studies."

 

Additional Information

  • Option 2: "goes to abroad" is incorrect because "to" is not required before "abroad."
  • Option 3: "is going to the abroad" is incorrect because "the" is not used before "abroad."
  • Option 4: "is going for abroad" is incorrect because the preposition "for" is not appropriate in this context.

Question 267

SSC Combined Graduate Level (CGL) 2025• English Comprehension• English Comprehension

Choose the most suitable option to replace the highlighted part of the sentence:

She avoids to go to crowded places.

  1. AOption (a)

    avoids to going to

  2. BOption (b)

    avoids from going

  3. COption (c)

    avoids going to crowded places

  4. DOption (d)

    is avoiding to go to crowded place

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (c)C.

avoids going to crowded places

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is 'avoids going to crowded places'.

 

Key Points

  • The verb "avoids" is followed by a gerund (verb + ing) when describing an action that is being avoided.
  • The phrase "going to crowded places" is grammatically correct and conveys the intended meaning clearly.
  • Options 1, 2, and 4 are grammatically incorrect.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Complete Sentence: "She avoids going to crowded places."

 

Additional Information

  • Option 1: "avoids to going" is incorrect because "to" and "going" cannot be used together in this context.
  • Option 2: "avoids from going" is incorrect as "from" is not needed when "avoids" is used.
  • Option 4: "is avoiding to go" is incorrect because "avoiding" should be followed by a gerund instead of "to go".

Question 268

SSC Combined Graduate Level (CGL) 2025• English Comprehension• English Comprehension

Read the following passage and answer the questions based on the passage : Art, in its manifold forms— visual, performative, literary, and auditory—constitutes a domain that transcends utilitarian function and enters the realm of the symbolic, the affective, and the transformative. Its significance within society cannot be reduced to decoration or diversion; rather, it operates as a mode of critical reflection, a vessel of collective memory, and a catalyst for socio-cultural evolution. At its core, art interrogates the contours of reality by reframing perception. Whether through the destabilizing surrealism of a Dali canvas or the dissonant harmonies of avant-garde music, art dislodges the observer from complacency and compels re-engagement  with the world. It is in this function that art becomes not only an aesthetic but an epistemological act— challenging dominant paradigms and opening discursive space for marginalized narratives. Historically, art has served as an archive of civilizations, encoding within its mediums the aspirations, anxieties, and ideologies of its epoch. From the sacred iconography of temple frescoes to the protest murals adorning urban decay, art becomes a text through which power, resistance, and identity are simultaneously contested and constituted. This historical embeddedness renders art indispensable to understanding not only what a society creates but what it values and fears. In modern democracies, the role of art assumes a distinctly political dimension. Art enables dissent when speech is suppressed, and engenders empathy where rational argument fails. Satire, documentary film, and performance art often articulate the unspeakable, using metaphor and allusion to subvert censure. Yet this potential also renders art vulnerable—to censorship, commodification, and ideological co-option. When stripped of autonomy, art may devolve into propaganda or elitist ornamentation—devoid of critical function. The sociological function of art extends to its capacity to cultivate communal belonging and individual introspection simultaneously. Participatory forms of art—street theatre, public installations, folk traditions—dissolve the binaries of creator and audience, democratizing aesthetic engagement. Meanwhile, solitary encounters with a painting or a poem can occasion personal revelation, catharsis, or ethical inquiry. However, in the algorithmic age, where virality and visibility often dictate cultural value, art faces unprecedented commodification. The aesthetic is frequently reduced to a spectacle optimized for consumption, divorced from nuance, complexity, or transgression. The challenge, therefore, is to preserve the sanctity of artistic integrity in the face of market and media pressures that threaten to flatten it into banality. Ultimately, the role of art in society is neither static nor monolithic. It is a dialectical force—at once reflective and projective, disruptive and redemptive. To safeguard art is to safeguard the capacity of humanity to feel, to question, and to reimagine.

What is implied by describing art as an "epistemological act" in the passage?

  1. AOption (a)

    Art is an emotional expression.

  2. BOption (b)

    Art is a method of acquiring and challenging knowledge structures.

  3. COption (c)

    Art serves as mere historical documentation.

  4. DOption (d)

    Art reflects state-sponsored ideologies.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (b)B.

Art is a method of acquiring and challenging knowledge structures.

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is Option 2.

 

Key Points

  • The passage defines art as an "epistemological act" because it "interrogates the contours of reality" and "challenges dominant paradigms."
  • Epistemology is the study of knowledge; the text suggests art isn't just about beauty (aesthetics) but about how we perceive and know the world.
  • By "dislodging the observer from complacency," art forces a "re-engagement with the world," which facilitates acquiring new perspectives and questioning established "knowledge structures."
  • Option 2 accurately captures this intellectual and structural challenge, whereas the other options limit art to emotion, simple documentation, or propaganda.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

 

Correct Sentence from Text: "It is in this function that art becomes not only an aesthetic but an epistemological act— challenging dominant paradigms and opening discursive space for marginalized narratives."

 

Additional Information

  • Option 1: Incorrect. While the text mentions art has an "affective" (emotional) realm, the "epistemological" label specifically refers to its role in knowledge and perception.
  • Option 3: Incorrect. The passage states that art's significance "cannot be reduced to decoration" and goes beyond being a "vessel of collective memory" by being a catalyst for evolution.
  • Option 4: Incorrect. The author warns that when art reflects state ideologies (propaganda), it is actually stripped of its autonomy and critical function.

Question 269

SSC Combined Graduate Level (CGL) 2025• English Comprehension• English Comprehension

Read the following passage and answer the questions based on the passage : Art, in its manifold forms— visual, performative, literary, and auditory—constitutes a domain that transcends utilitarian function and enters the realm of the symbolic, the affective, and the transformative. Its significance within society cannot be reduced to decoration or diversion; rather, it operates as a mode of critical reflection, a vessel of collective memory, and a catalyst for socio-cultural evolution. At its core, art interrogates the contours of reality by reframing perception. Whether through the destabilizing surrealism of a Dali canvas or the dissonant harmonies of avant-garde music, art dislodges the observer from complacency and compels re-engagement  with the world. It is in this function that art becomes not only an aesthetic but an epistemological act— challenging dominant paradigms and opening discursive space for marginalized narratives. Historically, art has served as an archive of civilizations, encoding within its mediums the aspirations, anxieties, and ideologies of its epoch. From the sacred iconography of temple frescoes to the protest murals adorning urban decay, art becomes a text through which power, resistance, and identity are simultaneously contested and constituted. This historical embeddedness renders art indispensable to understanding not only what a society creates but what it values and fears. In modern democracies, the role of art assumes a distinctly political dimension. Art enables dissent when speech is suppressed, and engenders empathy where rational argument fails. Satire, documentary film, and performance art often articulate the unspeakable, using metaphor and allusion to subvert censure. Yet this potential also renders art vulnerable—to censorship, commodification, and ideological co-option. When stripped of autonomy, art may devolve into propaganda or elitist ornamentation—devoid of critical function. The sociological function of art extends to its capacity to cultivate communal belonging and individual introspection simultaneously. Participatory forms of art—street theatre, public installations, folk traditions—dissolve the binaries of creator and audience, democratizing aesthetic engagement. Meanwhile, solitary encounters with a painting or a poem can occasion personal revelation, catharsis, or ethical inquiry. However, in the algorithmic age, where virality and visibility often dictate cultural value, art faces unprecedented commodification. The aesthetic is frequently reduced to a spectacle optimized for consumption, divorced from nuance, complexity, or transgression. The challenge, therefore, is to preserve the sanctity of artistic integrity in the face of market and media pressures that threaten to flatten it into banality. Ultimately, the role of art in society is neither static nor monolithic. It is a dialectical force—at once reflective and projective, disruptive and redemptive. To safeguard art is to safeguard the capacity of humanity to feel, to question, and to reimagine.

The phrase "commodification of art" in the passage most nearly refers to:

  1. AOption (a)

    Art being preserved in national archives.

  2. BOption (b)

    Art being transformed into a consumer product stripped of its critical power.

  3. COption (c)

    Art being used exclusively for educational purposes.

  4. DOption (d)

    Art becoming a tool for political awareness.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (b)B.

Art being transformed into a consumer product stripped of its critical power.

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is Option 2.

 

Key Points

  • The passage discusses the risk of art facing "unprecedented commodification" in the algorithmic age, where value is dictated by "virality and visibility."
  • It defines this process as the aesthetic being "reduced to a spectacle optimized for consumption," which results in art being "divorced from nuance, complexity, or transgression."
  • When art is commodified, the author suggests it loses its "critical function" and becomes flattened into "banality," serving the market rather than challenging society.
  • Option 2 accurately reflects this transformation from a transformative act into a mere market-driven product.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

 

Correct Sentence from Text: "The aesthetic is frequently reduced to a spectacle optimized for consumption, divorced from nuance, complexity, or transgression."

 

Additional Information

  • Option 1: Incorrect. The text refers to art as an "archive of civilizations," but this is presented as a historical/cultural role, not as "commodification."
  • Option 3: Incorrect. While art has an "epistemological" (educational/knowledge-based) act, the text does not associate this with commodification.
  • Option 4: Incorrect. The passage states that art becoming a tool for political awareness (dissent, subverting censure) is a "distinctly political dimension" of modern democracies, which is the opposite of the "banality" of commodification.

Question 270

SSC Combined Graduate Level (CGL) 2025• English Comprehension• English Comprehension

Read the following passage and answer the questions based on the passage : Art, in its manifold forms— visual, performative, literary, and auditory—constitutes a domain that transcends utilitarian function and enters the realm of the symbolic, the affective, and the transformative. Its significance within society cannot be reduced to decoration or diversion; rather, it operates as a mode of critical reflection, a vessel of collective memory, and a catalyst for socio-cultural evolution. At its core, art interrogates the contours of reality by reframing perception. Whether through the destabilizing surrealism of a Dali canvas or the dissonant harmonies of avant-garde music, art dislodges the observer from complacency and compels re-engagement  with the world. It is in this function that art becomes not only an aesthetic but an epistemological act— challenging dominant paradigms and opening discursive space for marginalized narratives. Historically, art has served as an archive of civilizations, encoding within its mediums the aspirations, anxieties, and ideologies of its epoch. From the sacred iconography of temple frescoes to the protest murals adorning urban decay, art becomes a text through which power, resistance, and identity are simultaneously contested and constituted. This historical embeddedness renders art indispensable to understanding not only what a society creates but what it values and fears. In modern democracies, the role of art assumes a distinctly political dimension. Art enables dissent when speech is suppressed, and engenders empathy where rational argument fails. Satire, documentary film, and performance art often articulate the unspeakable, using metaphor and allusion to subvert censure. Yet this potential also renders art vulnerable—to censorship, commodification, and ideological co-option. When stripped of autonomy, art may devolve into propaganda or elitist ornamentation—devoid of critical function. The sociological function of art extends to its capacity to cultivate communal belonging and individual introspection simultaneously. Participatory forms of art—street theatre, public installations, folk traditions—dissolve the binaries of creator and audience, democratizing aesthetic engagement. Meanwhile, solitary encounters with a painting or a poem can occasion personal revelation, catharsis, or ethical inquiry. However, in the algorithmic age, where virality and visibility often dictate cultural value, art faces unprecedented commodification. The aesthetic is frequently reduced to a spectacle optimized for consumption, divorced from nuance, complexity, or transgression. The challenge, therefore, is to preserve the sanctity of artistic integrity in the face of market and media pressures that threaten to flatten it into banality. Ultimately, the role of art in society is neither static nor monolithic. It is a dialectical force—at once reflective and projective, disruptive and redemptive. To safeguard art is to safeguard the capacity of humanity to feel, to question, and to reimagine.

According to the passage, how does art function in politically repressive environments?

  1. AOption (a)

    It reinforces state propaganda through images.

  2. BOption (b)

    It loses its relevance.

  3. COption (c)

    It channels dissent and expresses unspeakable truths.

  4. DOption (d)

    It remains confined to academic circles.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (c)C.

It channels dissent and expresses unspeakable truths.

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

  • The passage highlights that in situations where speech is suppressed, art becomes a powerful medium to express dissent and challenge authority.
  • Forms such as satire, documentary films, and performance art help communicate ideas that may otherwise remain unspeakable or censored.
  • Artists often employ metaphor, symbolism, and allusion to indirectly criticize political systems and question dominant power structures.
  • Thus, art acts as a vehicle for resistance and social commentary, enabling suppressed voices and marginalized perspectives to be heard.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Additional Information

  • Option 1 – Incorrect because the passage warns that when art is controlled by authority it may become propaganda, but this is presented as a negative outcome rather than its primary role.
  • Option 2 – Incorrect since the passage emphasizes that art becomes even more important and powerful in restrictive environments.
  • Option 4 – Incorrect because the passage shows that art engages with society and politics, not merely confined to academic discussions.