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Concept:

Lok Devta:

• Deities, kings, saints, famous people, or historical figures who are revered in a particular locale are known as folk gods or Lok Devta.
• However, they are not widely known throughout India.
• Examples of some Lok Devta of Rajasthan -Lok Devta Tejaji Maharaj, Gogaji, Ramdevji etc.

​Lachha Gujiri:

• Tejaji's wife's friend was Lachha Gujari.
• Lachha resided in the Rangbari Bass of Paner.
• Lachha was a Gujjar from the gotra of Chauhan.
• There is still a Rangbari Bhairuji there that Lachha built at Rangbari's well.

Explanation:

Tejaji:

• In the Nagor district's Khadnal Village, Tejaji was born in 1074 A.D.
• The folk deity Tejaji entered the category of Lokdevta due to his moving sacrifice for cow protection.
• From the obsecration of Lacha Gujri, we know about the Lok Devata of Rajasthan Tejaji.
• Tejaji holds a prominent position among the Jats in India.
• The side of the in-laws disobeyed him.
• After returning from their incense, Tejaji met Pemal (his wife) for the first time at the home of her friend Lacha Gujri.
• Lacha Gujari's cow was stolen at night by Meena's Meena.
• Tejaji battled Meena robbers before disposing of the cow during Lacha's prayer.

Thus, Tejaji Lok Devta in Rajasthan is related to the obsecration of Lachha Gujri.

Additional InformationGogaji:

• A folk god known as Gogaji is revered in the northern Indian states of Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Uttarakhand, the Punjab region, Uttar Pradesh, Jammu, and Gujarat.
• He is revered as a saint and a "snake-god" in the area and is a legendary warrior.

Ramdevji:

• In India's Rajasthan and Gujarat, Baba Ramdev is a revered Hindu deity.
• He was a ruler in the fourteenth century who was devoted to uplifting the oppressed and underprivileged and was thought to possess miraculous powers.
• Numerous Indian social groups revere him as Ishta-deva.

Pabuji:

• Pabuji is an Indian folk deity from Rajasthan who is also revered in some areas of Gujarat and the Indus plain.

Concept:

Transport:

• Transport is a service or facility for the carriage of persons and goods from one place to the other using humans, animals and different kinds of vehicles.
• The principal modes of world transportation are land, water, air and pipelines.

Explanation:

Land transport:

• Most of the movement of goods and services takes place over land.

E-rickshaw:

• E-rickshaws are common all over India and provide cheap and efficient transportation.
• It is found in villages, cities and in the countryside.
• The new autorickshaws operate on CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) and are environment-friendly.

Trucks:

• ​Trucks are used for carrying goods and materials in bulk.
• As per the size and functional use, trucks are classified into sub-categories rigid trucks, tippers, haulage, cabs, delivery vans and trailers.

​Bus:

• A bus is a huge commercial vehicle.
• The main purpose of this vehicle is to carry passengers as it is a cost-effective medium of transportation.

Thus, the right group of transport by roadways are buses, trucks, and e-rickshaw.

Additional InformationAir transport:

• Air transport is the fastest means of transportation, but it is very costly.
• Being fast, it is preferred by passengers for long-distance travel.
• Valuable cargo can be moved rapidly on a worldwide scale.
• Examples - helicopters, aeroplanes etc.

Water transport:

• Water transport is divided into sea routes and inland waterways.
• For water transport boats, sheep, cargo ships etc

Platelets:

• Platelets also called thrombocytes, are cell fragments produced from megakaryocytes (special cells in the bone marrow).
• Blood normally contains 1,500,00 - 3,500,00 platelets mm³.
• Platelets can release a variety of substances most of which are involved in the coagulation or clotting of blood.
• A reduction in their number can lead to clotting disorders which will lead to excessive loss of blood from the body.

 Key PointsDengue:

• When a human is bitten by an infected mosquito, the dengue virus enters the bloodstream, binds to platelets, and multiplies, spreading the infectious virus.
• One of the main reasons for the decline in platelet count in dengue fever is the tendency of infected platelet cells to kill normal platelets.
• The natural defence mechanism of our body against the dengue virus is comprised of disease-fighting cells.
• Normal platelets are destroyed by these cells because they mistake them for foreign objects.

Thus, dengue disease results in low platelet count in the blood.

Additional InformationChiken pox:

• Chicken Pox is a virus-causing disease.
• Chicken Pox is caused by the varicella-zoster virus.
• Varicella vaccine is a vaccine that protects against chickenpox.

Diabetes:

• Blood sugar levels outside the normal range may be an indicator of a medical condition.
• A persistently high level is referred to as hyperglycemia; low levels are referred to as hypoglycemia.
• Diabetes mellitus is characterized by persistent hyperglycemia from several causes.
• It is the most prominent disease related to the failure of blood sugar regulation.

Amoebiasis:

• Amebiasis is a disease caused by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica.
• Amoebiasis infection is most common in tropical areas with polluted water.
• It spreads through drinking or eating uncooked food, such as fruit, that may have been washed in contaminated local water.
• Symptoms in mild cases include cramping and diarrhoea.
• Bloody stools, fever, and, rarely, liver abscess may occur in severe cases.
• Diagnosis can be difficult because other parasites can look very similar to E. histolytica when seen under a microscope.
• Treatment includes antibiotics.

Textile industry in India:

• The textile industry in India traditionally, after agriculture, is the only industry that has generated huge employment for both skilled and unskilled labour.
• The textile industry continues to be the second-largest employment-generating sector in India.
• Mumbai is the largest centre in India having 63 mills out of Maharashtra's total of 122 mills.

Key Points

Manchester of Rajasthan:

• Bhilwara is famous for textiles in the Indian state of Rajasthan.
• Bhilwara is a city in the Mewar region of Rajasthan, India.
• It has been termed a textile city.
• It is known as the Manchester of Rajasthan.
• The main textile product is the synthetic fabric used in trousers.

Thus,** Bhilwara is called the 'Manchester' of Rajasthan.**

Additional Information

Key Points

Jaisalmer Fort:

• The ancient city of Jaisalmer in the Indian state of Rajasthan is famous for its rich heritage, reflected in its temples, palaces, forts etc.
• One such amazing site is the Jaisalmer Fort, which is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
• The fort is also known as the Golden Fort, Sonar Quila.
• The Golden City of Jaisalmer is known for its forts, colourful residents, sand-colored buildings, and limitless desert.
• A massive yellow sandstone building known as the Jaisalmer Fort, the Sonar Quila, or the Golden Fortress stands in the midst of all the splendour.

Thus, the sonar fort is situated at Jaisalmer.

Additional Information

Bharatpur:

• Bharatpur is famous for the UNESCO's World Heritage Site, Keoladeo Ghana National Park, a renowned bird refuge.
• Its attractiveness is enhanced in the winter by the arrival of colourful migratory birds.
• This man-made wetland is a haven for nature enthusiasts thanks to its rich flora and wildlife.

Jaipur:

• Jaipur, the capital of Rajasthan is popularly known as the Pink City.
• With broad avenues and spacious gardens, the city is steeped in history and culture.

Rajsamand:

• Rajsamand is also a town that houses beautiful lakes, awe-inspiring palaces, great historical significance and also a national park.

Conservation of forest and wildlife:

• Conservation preserves the ecological diversity and our life support systems water, air and soil.
• It also preserves the genetic diversity of plants and animals for better growth of species and breeding.
• For example, in agriculture, we are still dependent on traditional crop varieties.

Key Points

Bishnois:

• In 1731, the king of Jodhpur in Rajasthan asked one of his ministers to arrange wood for constructing a new palace.
• The minister and workers went to a forest near a village, inhabited by Bishnois, to cut down trees.
• The Bishnoi community is known for its peaceful co-existence with nature.
• The effort to cut down trees by the kings was thwarted by the Bishnois.
• A Bishnoi woman Amrita Devi showed exemplary courage by hugging a tree and daring the king’s men to cut her first before cutting the tree.
• The tree mattered much more to her than her own life.
• Sadly, the king’s men did not heed her pleas and cut down the tree along with Amrita Devi.
• Her three daughters and hundreds of other Bishnois followed her and thus lost their lives saving trees.
• The Government of India has recently instituted the Amrita Devi Bishnoi Wildlife Protection Award.
• This award is for individuals or communities from rural areas that have shown extraordinary courage and dedication in protecting wildlife.

Thus, for bishnoi community in rajasthan, the conservation of forest and wildlife had been a religious tenant.

Additional InformationGurjar:

• Gurjar or Gujjar is an ethnic nomadic, agricultural and pastoral community, spread mainly in India, Pakistan, Kashmir and Afghanistan, divided internally into various clan groups.

Saharia:

• Saharia (surname) is a common surname in Assam.
• The claim to this surname is mostly by the Kalita or Kshatriya caste of the hindu population in Assam.

Meena:

• Meena caste of Rajasthan is treated as rajput and also considered as scheduled tribe in the same state.

Concept:

Mahaveer:

• He was known as Vardhamana.
• He was the 24^th Tirthankara in Jainism.
• He was born 6^th century BC.

​Jainism:

• The most important idea in Jainism is that the entire world is animated: even stones, rocks and water have life.
• Jainism spread to many parts of India.

Explanation:

Mahaveer Jayanti:

• One of the most significant religious celebrations in Jainism is Mahavir Jayanti.
• It honours the birth of Mahavir, the final and twenty-fourth Tirthankara Mahavir.
• The festival of Mahavir Jayanti is observed mainly in March or April, on the the13^th day of the bright half of the moon in the month of Chaitra.

Thus,  Mahaveer Jayanti is celebrated on the 13^th day of the rising moon of Chaitra.

Additional InformationGandhi Jayanti:

• In India, a holiday called Gandhi Jayanti is observed to commemorate Mahatma Gandhi's birth.
• One of India's three national holidays is observed on the second of October each year.

Ambedkar Jayanti:

• An annual celebration known as Ambedkar Jayanti or Bhim Jayanti is held on April 14 to honour the memory of B. R. Ambedkar, an Indian polymath and civil rights activist.

Hanuman Jayanti:

• Hanuman Janmotsav is a Hindu religious celebration that honours the arrival of the revered Hindu deity Hanuman in India.
• Different regions of India observe this festival on different days.

Concept:

Water harvest:

• Water harvesting is an age-old concept in India.
• The main purpose is not to hold surface water but to recharge the groundwater beneath.

Explanation:

Kulas in Himachal Pradesh**:**

• Parts of Himachal Pradesh had evolved a local system of canal irrigation called kulas over four hundred years ago.
• The water flowing in the streams was diverted into man-made channels which took this water to numerous villages down the hillside.
• The management of the water flowing in these kulas was by common agreement among all the villages.

Thus, the name of an age-old concept of water harvesting in Himachal Pradesh is Kulas.

Additional InformationOther states harvesting system names:

Namami Gange Project:

• The Union Cabinet chaired by the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi approved the flagship.
• The "Namami Gange" programme integrates the efforts to clean and protect the Ganga river in a comprehensive manner.

 Key PointsNamami Gange Project:

• Namami Gange Programme is an Integrated Conservation Mission, approved as a ‘Flagship Programme’.
• I was approved by the Union Government in June 2014.
• Its aim is to accomplish the twin objectives of effective abatement of pollution and conservation and rejuvenation of the National River Ganga.
• It is being operated under the Department of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation, Ministry of Jal Shakti.
• The program is being implemented by the National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG), and its state counterpart organizations i.e State Program Management Groups (SPMGs).
• NMCG is the implementation wing of the National Ganga Council (set in 2016; which replaced the National Ganga River Basin Authority - NGRBA).
• It has an Rs. 20,000-crore, centrally-funded, non-lapsable corpus and consists of nearly 288 projects.

Important Points

The main pillars of the programme are:

• Sewage Treatment Infrastructure
• River-Front Development
• River-Surface Cleaning
• Biodiversity
• Afforestation
• Public Awareness
• Industrial Effluent Monitoring
• Ganga Gram

Thus we could conclude that  Namami Gange Project was launched in 2014. 

Additional Information

The Ganga River System:

• The headwaters of the Ganga called the ‘Bhagirathi’ are fed by the Gangotri Glacier and joined by the Alaknanda at Devprayag in Uttarakhand.
• At Haridwar, Ganga emerges from the mountains to the plains.
• The Ganga is joined by many tributaries from the Himalayas, a few of them being major rivers such as the Yamuna, the Ghaghara, the Gandak and the Kosi.

Concept:

Crocodile:

• Crocodile belongs to the kingdom Animalia, phylum Chordata, and class reptilia.
• Crocodiles have short legs with clawed webbed toes, strong jaws, and many conical teeth.

Explanation:

Reptile:

• Reptiles are mostly terrestrial animals and their body is covered by dry and cornified skin, epidermal scales or scutes.
• They do not have external ear openings.
• Limbs, when present, are two pairs.
• The heart is usually three-chambered, but four-chambered in crocodiles.
• Fertilisation is internal.
• They are oviparous and development is direct.
• Examples: Chelone (Turtle), Testudo (Tortoise), Chameleon (Tree lizard), Calotes (Garden lizard), Crocodilus (Crocodile) etc.

Thus, the crocodile belongs to the reptilia class of animal kingdom.

Additional InformationAves:

• The characteristic features of Aves (birds) are the presence of feathers and most of them can fly except flightless birds.
• The forelimbs are modified into wings.
• Skin is dry without glands except for the oil gland at the base of the tail.
• Examples: Corvus (Crow), Columba (Pigeon), and Psittacula (Parrot).

Amphibia:

• Amphibians can live in aquatic as well as terrestrial habitats.
• Most of them have two pairs of limbs.
• The body is divisible into the head and trunk.
• Respiration is by the gills, lungs and skin.
• The heart is three-chambered.
• Examples: Bufo (Toad), Rana (Frog), and Hyla (Tree frog).

Pisces:

• This species is mainly found in brackish fresh and marine water.
• The body is divided into head three-part heads, trunk and tail.