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Question 181

National Defence Academy (NDA) 2025• Mathematics

If a line in 3 dimensions makes angles α, β and γ with the positive directions of the coordinate axes, then what is cos(α+β)cos(α−β) equal to?

  1. AOption (a)

    cos2γ

  2. BOption (b)

    −cos2γ

  3. COption (c)

    sin2γ

  4. DOption (d)

    −sin2γ

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (b)B.

−cos2γ

Why this answer is correct

Calculation:

We know that cos⁡2α+cos⁡2β+cos⁡2γ=1 \cos^{2} \alpha + \cos^{2} \beta + \cos^{2} \gamma = 1 ... (i)

And cos⁡(α+β)⋅cos⁡(α−β)=cos⁡2α−sin⁡2β \cos(\alpha + \beta) \cdot \cos(\alpha - \beta) = \cos^{2} \alpha - \sin^{2} \beta

Substitute and simplify:

=cos⁡2α+cos⁡2β−1=1−cos⁡2γ⇒−cos⁡2γ = \cos^{2} \alpha + \cos^{2} \beta - 1 = 1 - \cos^{2} \gamma \quad \Rightarrow \quad - \cos^{2} \gamma

Hence, the correct answer is Option 2.

Question 182

National Defence Academy (NDA) 2025• Mathematics

A(1,2,−1), B(2,5,−2) and C(4,4,−3) are three vertices of a rectangle. What is the area of the rectangle?

  1. AOption (a)

    8 square units

  2. BOption (b)

    9 square units

  3. COption (c)

    66\sqrt{66}  square units

  4. DOption (d)

    68\sqrt{68}  square units

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (c)C.

66\sqrt{66}  square units

Why this answer is correct

Calculation:

Given,

Points A(1, 2, -1), B(2, 5, -2), and C(4, 4, -3) are three vertices of the rectangle.

We need to find the area of the rectangle formed by the vectors AB AB and BC BC .

Length of vector AB AB :

Length of AB=(2−1)2+(5−2)2+(−2−(−1))2 \text{Length of AB} = \sqrt{(2 - 1)^2 + (5 - 2)^2 + (-2 - (-1))^2}

=12+32+12=11= \sqrt{1^2 + 3^2 + 1^2} = \sqrt{11}

Length of vector BC BC :

Length of BC=(4−2)2+(4−5)2+(−3−(−2))2 \text{Length of BC} = \sqrt{(4 - 2)^2 + (4 - 5)^2 + (-3 - (-2))^2}

=22+(−1)2+(−1)2=6 = \sqrt{2^2 + (-1)^2 + (-1)^2} = \sqrt{6}

Area of the rectangle is the product of the lengths of vectors AB AB and BC BC :

Area=11×6=66 \text{Area} = \sqrt{11} \times \sqrt{6} = \sqrt{66}

∴ The area of the rectangle is 66 \sqrt{66}  square units.

Hence, the correct answer is Option 3.

Question 183

National Defence Academy (NDA) 2025• Mathematics

ABC is a triangle right-angled at B. If A(k,1,−1), B(2k,0,2) and C(2+2k,k,1) are the vertices of the triangle, then what is the value of k?

  1. AOption (a)

    -3

  2. BOption (b)

    -1

  3. COption (c)

    1

  4. DOption (d)

    3

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (d)D.

3

Why this answer is correct

Calculation:

Given,

Points A(k, 1, -1), B(2k, 0, 2), and C(2 + 2k, k, 1) are the vertices of the triangle.

The vectors AB and BC are given by:

AB→=B−A=(2k−k,0−1,2−(−1))=(k,−1,3) \overrightarrow{AB} = B - A = (2k - k, 0 - 1, 2 - (-1)) = (k, -1, 3)

BC→=C−B=(2+2k−2k,k−0,1−2)=(2,k,−1) \overrightarrow{BC} = C - B = (2 + 2k - 2k, k - 0, 1 - 2) = (2, k, -1)

The dot product of AB→ \overrightarrow{AB} and BC→ \overrightarrow{BC} is:

AB→⋅BC→=(k)(2)+(−1)(k)+(3)(−1)=2k−k−3=k−3 \overrightarrow{AB} \cdot \overrightarrow{BC} = (k)(2) + (-1)(k) + (3)(-1) = 2k - k - 3 = k - 3

Since the vectors are perpendicular, their dot product must be zero:

k−3=0 k - 3 = 0

Thus, k=3 k = 3 .

∴ The value of k is 33.

Hence, the correct answer is Option 4.

Question 184

National Defence Academy (NDA) 2025• Mathematics

If a line  x+1p=y−1q=z−2r\frac{x+1}{p} = \frac{y-1}{q} = \frac{z-2}{r}  where p=2q=3r, makes an angle θ with the positive direction of y-axis, then what is cos2θ equal to?

  1. AOption (a)

    -31/49

  2. BOption (b)

    -37/49

  3. COption (c)

    31/49

  4. DOption (d)

    37/49

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (a)A.

-31/49

Why this answer is correct

Calculation:

Given,

The line equation is: x+1p=y−1q=z−2r \frac{x+1}{p} = \frac{y-1}{q} = \frac{z-2}{r} ,  where p = 2q = 3r .

The line makes an angle θ  with the positive direction of the y-axis.

Using the relation between the direction cosines

l=pp2+q2+r2,m=qp2+q2+r2,n=rp2+q2+r2 l = \frac{p}{\sqrt{p^2 + q^2 + r^2}}, m = \frac{q}{\sqrt{p^2 + q^2 + r^2}}, n = \frac{r}{\sqrt{p^2 + q^2 + r^2}} ,

we substitute p = 3r  and  q = 3r2\frac{3r}{2}

Direction cosine with y -axis is given by m=qp2+q2+r2 m = \frac{q}{\sqrt{p^2 + q^2 + r^2}} .

m=3r2(3r)2+(3r2)2+r2=3r29r2+9r24+r2=3r249r24=37 m = \frac{\frac{3r}{2}}{\sqrt{(3r)^2 + \left(\frac{3r}{2}\right)^2 + r^2}} = \frac{\frac{3r}{2}}{\sqrt{9r^2 + \frac{9r^2}{4} + r^2}} = \frac{\frac{3r}{2}}{\sqrt{\frac{49r^2}{4}}} = \frac{3}{7} .

Now, using the double angle identity for cosine cos⁡2θ=2cos⁡2θ−1 \cos 2θ = 2 \cos^2 θ - 1 :

cos⁡2θ=2(37)2−1=2×949−1=1849−1=−3149 \cos 2θ = 2 \left( \frac{3}{7} \right)^2 - 1 = 2 \times \frac{9}{49} - 1 = \frac{18}{49} - 1 = \frac{-31}{49} .

∴ The value of cos⁡2θ \cos 2θ is −3149 -\frac{31}{49} .

Hence, the correct answer is Option 1.

Question 185

National Defence Academy (NDA) 2025• Mathematics

What is the equation of the plane passing through the point (1,1,1) and perpendicular to the line whose direction ratios are (3,2,1)?

  1. AOption (a)

    x+2y+3z=6

  2. BOption (b)

    3x+2y+z=6

  3. COption (c)

    x+y+z=3

  4. DOption (d)

    3x+2y+z=0

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (b)B.

3x+2y+z=6

Why this answer is correct

Calculation:

Given,

The plane passes through the point P(1,1,1)P(1, 1, 1) and is perpendicular to the line with direction ratios (3,2,1) (3, 2, 1) .

The general equation of the plane is:

Ax+By+Cz=DAx + By + Cz = D, where (A,B,C) (A, B, C) are the direction ratios of the normal to the plane.

Since the plane is perpendicular to the line, the normal vector to the plane is (3,2,1) (3, 2, 1) .

Thus, the equation of the plane becomes:

3x+2y+z=D 3x + 2y + z = D .

To find D D , substitute the point (1,1,1) (1, 1, 1) into the equation of the plane:

3(1)+2(1)+1=D 3(1) + 2(1) + 1 = D , which simplifies to:

3+2+1=D 3 + 2 + 1 = D ,

D=6 D = 6 .

∴ The equation of the plane is 3x+2y+z=6 3x + 2y + z = 6 .

Hence, the correct answer is Option 2.

Question 186

National Defence Academy (NDA) 2025• Mathematics

A line makes angles α, β and γ with the positive directions of the coordinate axes. If a⃗=(sin⁡2α)i^+(sin⁡2β)j^+(sin⁡2γ)k^ and b⃗=i^+j^+k^\vec{a}=(\sin^2 \alpha)\hat{i} + (\sin^2 \beta)\hat{j} + (\sin^2 \gamma)\hat{k} \text{ and } \vec{b} = \hat{i} + \hat{j} + \hat{k} , then what is a⃗.b⃗\vec{a}.\vec{b} equal to?

  1. AOption (a)

    -2

  2. BOption (b)

    -1

  3. COption (c)

    1

  4. DOption (d)

    2

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (d)D.

2

Why this answer is correct

Calculation:

Given,

cos⁡2(α)+cos⁡2(β)+cos⁡2(γ)=1 \cos^2(\alpha) + \cos^2(\beta) + \cos^2(\gamma) = 1

Using the identity cos⁡2(x)=1−sin⁡2(x) \cos^2(x) = 1 - \sin^2(x) , we substitute:

(1−sin⁡2(α))+(1−sin⁡2(β))+(1−sin⁡2(γ))=1 (1 - \sin^2(\alpha)) + (1 - \sin^2(\beta)) + (1 - \sin^2(\gamma)) = 1

Simplifying the equation:

3−(sin⁡2(α)+sin⁡2(β)+sin⁡2(γ))=1 3 - (\sin^2(\alpha) + \sin^2(\beta) + \sin^2(\gamma)) = 1

Rearrange to isolate the sine terms:

sin⁡2(α)+sin⁡2(β)+sin⁡2(γ)=2 \sin^2(\alpha) + \sin^2(\beta) + \sin^2(\gamma) = 2

Now, calculate the dot product:

a⃗⋅b⃗=sin⁡2(α)+sin⁡2(β)+sin⁡2(γ)=2 \vec{a} \cdot \vec{b} = \sin^2(\alpha) + \sin^2(\beta) + \sin^2(\gamma) = 2

∴ The value of a⃗⋅b⃗ \vec{a} \cdot \vec{b} is 2.

Hence, the correct answer is Option 4.

Question 187

National Defence Academy (NDA) 2025• Mathematics

Consider the following statements with respect to a vector d = (a × b) × c:

I. d is coplanar with a and b.

II. d is perpendicular to c.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. AOption (a)

    I only

  2. BOption (b)

    II only

  3. COption (c)

    Both I and II

  4. DOption (d)

    Neither I nor II

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (c)C.

Both I and II

Why this answer is correct

Calculation:

Given,

The vector d⃗=(a⃗×b⃗)×c⃗ \vec{d} = (\vec{a} \times \vec{b}) \times \vec{c}

Statement I: d⃗ \vec{d} is coplanar with a⃗ \vec{a} and b⃗ \vec{b} .

We use the vector triple product identity: (a⃗×b⃗)×c⃗=(a⃗⋅c⃗)b⃗−(b⃗⋅c⃗)a⃗ (\vec{a} \times \vec{b}) \times \vec{c} = (\vec{a} \cdot \vec{c}) \vec{b} - (\vec{b} \cdot \vec{c}) \vec{a} .

This shows that d⃗ \vec{d} is a linear combination of a⃗ \vec{a} and b⃗ \vec{b} , hence d⃗ \vec{d} is coplanar with a⃗ \vec{a} and b⃗ \vec{b} .

Therefore, Statement I is correct.

Statement II: d⃗ \vec{d} is perpendicular to c⃗ \vec{c} .

To check this, compute the dot product d⃗⋅c⃗ \vec{d} \cdot \vec{c} . Using the vector triple product identity, we find:

d⃗⋅c⃗=(a⃗⋅c⃗)(b⃗⋅c⃗)−(b⃗⋅c⃗)(a⃗⋅c⃗)=0 \vec{d} \cdot \vec{c} = (\vec{a} \cdot \vec{c})(\vec{b} \cdot \vec{c}) - (\vec{b} \cdot \vec{c})(\vec{a} \cdot \vec{c}) = 0 ,

which means d⃗ \vec{d} is perpendicular to c⃗ \vec{c} .

Therefore, Statement II is correct.

∴ Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

Question 188

National Defence Academy (NDA) 2025• Mathematics

The position vectors of three points A, B and C are a, b and c respectively such that 3a⃗−4b⃗+1c⃗=0⃗\vec{3a}-\vec{4b}+\vec{1c}=\vec{0} , then what is AB:BC equal to?

  1. AOption (a)

    3:1

  2. BOption (b)

    1:3

  3. COption (c)

    3:4

  4. DOption (d)

    1:4

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (b)B.

1:3

Why this answer is correct

Calculation:

Given,

3a⃗−4b⃗+c⃗=0 3\vec{a} - 4\vec{b} + \vec{c} = 0

c⃗=4b⃗−3a⃗ \vec{c} = 4\vec{b} - 3\vec{a}

The vectorAB→\overrightarrow{AB} is:

AB→=b⃗−a⃗ \overrightarrow{AB} = \vec{b} - \vec{a}

The vector BC→\overrightarrow{BC} is:

BC→=c⃗−b⃗ \overrightarrow{BC} = \vec{c} - \vec{b}

Substituting c⃗=4b⃗−3a⃗\vec{c} = 4\vec{b} - 3\vec{a} :

BC→=(4b⃗−3a⃗)−b⃗ \overrightarrow{BC} = (4\vec{b} - 3\vec{a}) - \vec{b}

BC→=3b⃗−3a⃗ \overrightarrow{BC} = 3\vec{b} - 3\vec{a}

Step 4: Now, BC→=3(b⃗−a⃗)\overrightarrow{BC} = 3(\vec{b} - \vec{a}) , which gives:

AB:BC=1:3 AB : BC = 1 : 3

∴ The correct ratio is AB : BC = 1 : 3 , 

Hence, the correct answer is Option 2.

Question 189

National Defence Academy (NDA) 2025• Mathematics

The position vectors of three points A, B and C respectively, where  a⃗,b⃗\vec{a} ,\vec{b}  and c⃗\vec{c}   respectively, where c⃗=(cos⁡2θ)a⃗+(sin⁡2θ)b⃗\vec{c} = (\cos^2 \theta)\vec{a}+(\sin^2 \theta)\vec{b}. What is (a⃗×b⃗)+(b⃗×c⃗)+(c⃗×a⃗)(\vec{a} \times \vec{b}) + (\vec{b} \times \vec{c}) + (\vec{c} \times \vec{a}) equal to?

  1. AOption (a)

    0⃗\vec{0}

  2. BOption (b)

    2c⃗\vec{2c}

  3. COption (c)

    3c⃗\vec{3c}

  4. DOption (d)

    Unit vector

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (a)A.

0⃗\vec{0}

Why this answer is correct

Calculation:

Given,

The position vectors of points A, B, and C are a⃗ \vec{a} , b⃗ \vec{b} , and c⃗ \vec{c} respectively, and c⃗=cos⁡2θ,a⃗+sin⁡2θ,b⃗ \vec{c} = \cos^2 \theta , \vec{a} + \sin^2 \theta , \vec{b} .

The expression to evaluate is: (a⃗×b⃗)+(b⃗×c⃗)+(c⃗×a⃗) (\vec{a} \times \vec{b}) + (\vec{b} \times \vec{c}) + (\vec{c} \times \vec{a}) .

First, substitute c⃗ \vec{c} into the equation:

(a⃗×b⃗)+(b⃗×(cos⁡2θ,a⃗+sin⁡2θ,b⃗))+(cos⁡2θ,a⃗+sin⁡2θ,b⃗)×a⃗ (\vec{a} \times \vec{b}) + (\vec{b} \times (\cos^2 \theta , \vec{a} + \sin^2 \theta , \vec{b})) + (\cos^2 \theta , \vec{a} + \sin^2 \theta , \vec{b}) \times \vec{a} .

Using the distributive property of the cross product:

(a⃗×b⃗)+[(b⃗×cos⁡2θ,a⃗)+(b⃗×sin⁡2θ,b⃗)]+[(cos⁡2θ,a⃗×a⃗)+(sin⁡2θ,b⃗×a⃗)] (\vec{a} \times \vec{b}) + \left[ (\vec{b} \times \cos^2 \theta , \vec{a}) + (\vec{b} \times \sin^2 \theta , \vec{b}) \right] + \left[ (\cos^2 \theta , \vec{a} \times \vec{a}) + (\sin^2 \theta , \vec{b} \times \vec{a}) \right] .

Since b⃗×b⃗=0 \vec{b} \times \vec{b} = 0 and a⃗×a⃗=0 \vec{a} \times \vec{a} = 0 , we are left with:

(a⃗×b⃗)+cos⁡2θ,(b⃗×a⃗)+sin⁡2θ,(−a⃗×b⃗) (\vec{a} \times \vec{b}) + \cos^2 \theta , (\vec{b} \times \vec{a}) + \sin^2 \theta , (- \vec{a} \times \vec{b}) .

Substitute b⃗×a⃗=−(a⃗×b⃗) \vec{b} \times \vec{a} = - (\vec{a} \times \vec{b}) into the expression:

(a⃗×b⃗)+cos⁡2θ,(−a⃗×b⃗)+sin⁡2θ,(−a⃗×b⃗) (\vec{a} \times \vec{b}) + \cos^2 \theta , (- \vec{a} \times \vec{b}) + \sin^2 \theta , (- \vec{a} \times \vec{b}) .

Factor out a⃗×b⃗ \vec{a} \times \vec{b} :

a⃗×b⃗[1−cos⁡2θ−sin⁡2θ] \vec{a} \times \vec{b} \left[ 1 - \cos^2 \theta - \sin^2 \theta \right] .

Since cos⁡2θ+sin⁡2θ=1 \cos^2 \theta + \sin^2 \theta = 1 , the expression becomes:

a⃗×b⃗[1−1]=0 \vec{a} \times \vec{b} [1 - 1] = 0 .

∴ The final result is 0⃗ \vec{0} .

Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

Question 190

National Defence Academy (NDA) 2025• Mathematics

Let a⃗,b⃗,(a⃗×b⃗)\vec{a},\vec{b} ,(\vec{a}\times\vec{b}) be unit vectors. What is a⃗.b⃗\vec{a}.\vec{b} equal to?

  1. AOption (a)

    0

  2. BOption (b)

    1/2

  3. COption (c)

    1

  4. DOption (d)

    3

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (a)A.

0

Why this answer is correct

Calculation:

Given,

The vectors a⃗,b⃗,(a⃗×b⃗)\vec{a},\vec{b} ,(\vec{a}\times\vec{b}) are unit vectors.

Since a⃗\vec a and  b⃗\vec{b} are unit vectors, we know:

∣a⃗∣=1and∣b⃗∣=1 |\vec{a}| = 1 \quad \text{and} \quad |\vec{b}| = 1 .

The magnitude of the cross product (a⃗×b⃗)( \vec{a} \times \vec{b} ) is given by:

∣a⃗×b⃗∣=∣a⃗∣∣b⃗∣sin⁡θ=1×1×sin⁡θ=sin⁡θ |\vec{a} \times \vec{b}| = |\vec{a}| |\vec{b}| \sin \theta = 1 \times 1 \times \sin \theta = \sin \theta .

Since (∣a⃗×b⃗∣=1 ( |\vec{a} \times \vec{b}| = 1 , we have:

sin⁡θ=1 \sin \theta = 1 , so θ=90∘\theta = 90^\circ , meaning a⃗\vec a and b⃗ \vec{b}  are perpendicular.

The dot product (a⃗⋅b⃗) ( \vec{a} \cdot \vec{b} ) is:

a⃗⋅b⃗=∣a⃗∣∣b⃗∣cos⁡θ=1×1×cos⁡90∘=0 \vec{a} \cdot \vec{b} = |\vec{a}| |\vec{b}| \cos \theta = 1 \times 1 \times \cos 90^\circ = 0 .

∴ The value of(a⃗⋅b⃗)( \vec{a} \cdot \vec{b} ) is 0.

Hence, the correct answer is Option 1.