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Question 101

National Defence Academy (NDA) 2025• Mathematics

What is the harmonic mean of the numbers C(10,3) C(10,4) C(10,5) C(10,6) and C(10,7) ?

  1. AOption (a)

    3150/19

  2. BOption (b)

    4000/19

  3. COption (c)

    252

  4. DOption (d)

    225

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (a)A.

3150/19

Why this answer is correct

Calculation:

Combinations:

10C3=120{}^{10}C_3 = 120

10C4=210{}^{10}C_4 = 210

10C5=252{}^{10}C_5 = 252

10C6=210{}^{10}C_6 = 210

10C7=120{}^{10}C_7 = 120

Sum of reciprocals:

1120+1210+1252+1210+1120=2(1120+1210)+1252 \frac{1}{120} + \frac{1}{210} + \frac{1}{252} + \frac{1}{210} + \frac{1}{120} = 2\left(\frac{1}{120} + \frac{1}{210}\right) + \frac{1}{252}

=2(7+4840)+1252=11420+1252=33+51260=381260=19630 = 2\left(\frac{7 + 4}{840}\right) + \frac{1}{252} = \frac{11}{420} + \frac{1}{252} = \frac{33 + 5}{1260} = \frac{38}{1260} = \frac{19}{630}

Harmonic Mean:

H.M.=519630=315019 \text{H.M.} = \frac{5}{\frac{19}{630}} = \frac{3150}{19}

Hence, the correct answer is Option 1.

Question 102

National Defence Academy (NDA) 2025• Mathematics

In a sample survey of a village, the probability that a farmer is in debt is 0.60. What is the probability that three randomly selected farmers are all in debt (assume independence of events)?

  1. AOption (a)

     0.000216

  2. BOption (b)

    0.064

  3. COption (c)

    0.216

  4. DOption (d)

    0.512

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (c)C.

0.216

Why this answer is correct

Calculation:

The probability that one farmer is in debt is given as P = 0.60

Since the events are independent, the probability that three randomly selected farmers are all in debt is:

P3 = (0.60)3 = 0.216

Hence, the correct answer is Option 3.

Question 103

National Defence Academy (NDA) 2025• Mathematics

The probability that a family owns a laptop is 0.68; that it also owns a desktop is 0.56. If the probability that it owns both is 0.48, then what is the probability that a randomly selected family owns a laptop or a desktop?

  1. AOption (a)

    0.80

  2. BOption (b)

    0.76

  3. COption (c)

    0.36

  4. DOption (d)

    0.28

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (b)B.

0.76

Why this answer is correct

Calculation:

Given:

P(L)=0.68 P(L) = 0.68

P(D)=0.56 P(D) = 0.56

P(L∩D)=0.48 P(L \cap D) = 0.48

Using the formula for union of two events:

⇒ P(L∪D)=P(L)+P(D)−P(L∩D) P(L \cup D) = P(L) + P(D) - P(L \cap D)

Substituting values:

⇒ P(L∪D)=0.68+0.56−0.48=0.76 P(L \cup D) = 0.68 + 0.56 - 0.48 = 0.76

Hence, the correct answer is Option 2.

Question 104

National Defence Academy (NDA) 2025• Mathematics

An urn contains 10 white and 5 red balls. If two balls are drawn at random, then what is the probability that both the balls are red?

  1. AOption (a)

    2/21

  2. BOption (b)

    1/7

  3. COption (c)

     4/21

  4. DOption (d)

    3/7

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (a)A.

2/21

Why this answer is correct

Calculation:

Given:

White balls = 10,Red balls= 5 ,Total balls= 15 

Total ways to draw 2 balls from 15:

(152)=15×142=105 \binom{15}{2}=\frac{15\times 14}{2}=105

Favourable ways to draw 2 red balls from 5 red balls:

(52)=5×42=10 \binom{5}{2}=\frac{5\times 4}{2}=10

Therefore, required probability:

P=(52)(152)=10105=221 P=\frac{\binom{5}{2}}{\binom{15}{2}}=\frac{10}{105}=\frac{2}{21}

Hence, the correct answert is Option 1.

Question 105

National Defence Academy (NDA) 2025• Mathematics

An urn contains 5 white, 6 red and 4 blue balls. Three balls are drawn at random. What is the probability that a white ball, a red ball and a blue ball are drawn?

  1. AOption (a)

    28/91

  2. BOption (b)

    2/7

  3. COption (c)

    24/91

  4. DOption (d)

    23/91

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (c)C.

24/91

Why this answer is correct

Calculation:

Given:

White balls=5, Red balls = 6, Blue balls = 4

Total balls=5+6+4=15 \text{Total balls}=5+6+4=15

Total ways to draw 3 balls from 15:

(153)=15×14×136=455 \binom{15}{3}=\frac{15\times14\times13}{6}=455

Favourable ways to draw one white, one red and one blue ball:

(51)×(61)×(41)=5×6×4=120 \binom{5}{1}\times\binom{6}{1}\times\binom{4}{1} =5\times6\times4=120

Therefore, required probability:

P=120455=2491 P=\frac{120}{455}=\frac{24}{91}

Hence, the correct answer is Option 3.

Question 106

National Defence Academy (NDA) 2025• Mathematics

Under which of the following conditions may binomial distribution be used?

I. The number of trials is infinite and not fixed.

II. The trials are independent.

III. Each trial has two possible outcomes.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

  1. AOption (a)

    II only

  2. BOption (b)

    III only

  3. COption (c)

    I and II

  4. DOption (d)

     II and III

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (d)D.

 II and III

Why this answer is correct

Calculation:

For a binomial distribution, the required conditions are:

  • The number of trials must be finite and fixed
  • The trials must be independent
  • Each trial must have exactly two possible outcomes (success/failure)
  • Probability of success remains constant

Hence, the correct answer is Option 4.

Question 107

National Defence Academy (NDA) 2025• Mathematics

A person X speaks the truth 4 out of 5 times and person Y speaks the truth 5 out of 6 times. What is the probability that they will contradict each other in stating the fact?

  1. AOption (a)

    3/10

  2. BOption (b)

    1/15

  3. COption (c)

    1/6

  4. DOption (d)

    7/10

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (a)A.

3/10

Why this answer is correct

Calculation:

We are asked to compute:

P(X∩Y′)+P(X′∩Y) P(X \cap Y') + P(X' \cap Y)

Using the formula:

=P(X)[1−P(Y)]+[1−P(X)]P(Y) = P(X)[1 - P(Y)] + [1 - P(X)]P(Y)

Substituting values:

=45(1−56)+(1−45)⋅56 = \frac{4}{5} \left(1 - \frac{5}{6}\right) + \left(1 - \frac{4}{5}\right) \cdot \frac{5}{6}

=45⋅16+15⋅56=430+530=930=310 = \frac{4}{5} \cdot \frac{1}{6} + \frac{1}{5} \cdot \frac{5}{6} = \frac{4}{30} + \frac{5}{30} = \frac{9}{30} = \frac{3}{10}

Hence, the correct answer is Option 1.

Question 108

National Defence Academy (NDA) 2025• Mathematics

The probability that a student passes Physics test is 2/3 and the probability that he passes both Physics test and English test is 11/15. The probability that he passes at least one test is 4/5 What is the probability that he passes English test?

  1. AOption (a)

    11/15

  2. BOption (b)

    13/15

  3. COption (c)

    14/15

  4. DOption (d)

    1

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (b)B.

13/15

Why this answer is correct

Calculation:

Let:

P(P)=23,P(P∩E)=1115,P(P∪E)=45 P(P)=\frac{2}{3},\quad P(P\cap E)=\frac{11}{15},\quad P(P\cup E)=\frac{4}{5}

Using the formula:

⇒ P(P∪E)=P(P)+P(E)−P(P∩E) P(P\cup E)=P(P)+P(E)-P(P\cap E)

Substitute the given values:

⇒ 45=23+P(E)−1115 \frac{4}{5}=\frac{2}{3}+P(E)-\frac{11}{15}

Convert fractions to a common denominator:

⇒ 45=1215,23=1015 \frac{4}{5}=\frac{12}{15},\quad \frac{2}{3}=\frac{10}{15}

Simplifying:

⇒ 1215=1015+P(E)−1115 \frac{12}{15}=\frac{10}{15}+P(E)-\frac{11}{15}

⇒ 1215=P(E)−115 \frac{12}{15}=P(E)-\frac{1}{15}

Therefore,

 P(E)=1215+115=1315 P(E)=\frac{12}{15}+\frac{1}{15}=\frac{13}{15}

Hence, the correct answer is Option 2.

Question 109

National Defence Academy (NDA) 2025• Mathematics

An event X can happen with probability pand event Y can happen with probability q. Further, X and Y are independent events. Which of the following statements is/are correct?

  1. The probability that exactly one of the events happens is p + q - pq

II. The probability that at least one of the events happens is p + q - 2pq

Select the answer using the code given below.

  1. AOption (a)

     I only

  2. BOption (b)

    II only

  3. COption (c)

    Both I and II

  4. DOption (d)

    Neither I nor II

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (d)D.

Neither I nor II

Why this answer is correct

Calculation:

Let:

P(X)=p P(X) = p

P(Y)=q P(Y) = q

X and Y are independent ⇒ P(X∩Y)=pq P(X \cap Y) = pq

Probability of exactly one event occurring:

P(exactly one)=P(X)+P(Y)−2P(X∩Y)=p+q−2pq P(\text{exactly one}) = P(X) + P(Y) - 2P(X \cap Y) = p + q - 2pq

So, statement I is incorrect.

Probability of at least one event occurring:

P(X∪Y)=P(X)+P(Y)−P(X∩Y)=p+q−pq P(X \cup Y) = P(X) + P(Y) - P(X \cap Y) = p + q - pq

So, statement II is also incorrect.

Hence, the Correct answer is Option 4.

Question 110

National Defence Academy (NDA) 2025• Mathematics

Three faces of a die are black, two faces are white and one face is red. The die is tossed three times. What is the probability that the colours black, white and red appear in the first, second and third tosses respectively?

  1. AOption (a)

    1/36

  2. BOption (b)

    1/6

  3. COption (c)

    7/36

  4. DOption (d)

    5/36

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (a)A.

1/36

Why this answer is correct

Calculation:

Given:

Number of black faces = 3

Number of white faces = 2

Number of red faces = 1

Probability that black, white, and red appear in first, second, and third positions respectively:

P=36⋅26⋅16=6216=136 P = \frac{3}{6} \cdot \frac{2}{6} \cdot \frac{1}{6} = \frac{6}{216} = \frac{1}{36}

Hence, the correct answer is Option 1.