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The correct answer is option 2 i.e The balancing of the forces of demand and supply for the commodity.

• Market equilibrium is a market state where the supply in the market is equal to the demand in the market.
• The equilibrium price is the price of a good or service when the supply of it is equal to the demand for it in the market.
• Thus the market equilibrium for a commodity is determined by balancing the forces of demand and supply for the commodity.

The correct answer is option i.e Potash alum. 

• Potash alum is a combination of double sulphate of potash and aluminium salts.
• Its chemical formula is KAl(SO4)2 or, AlK(SO4)2·12 H2O
• Potash alum is also known as an astringent.
• Astringents are substances that cause contraction or shrinkage of tissues and that dry up secretion.
• Used as a post-shaving treatment, it can eliminate bleeding from superficial wounds.
• It has also shown in vitro anti-microbial activity.
• The alum used for purifying water is known as potash alum.
• Potash alum is generally used in water purification, fireproof textiles etc. It is also used in leather tanning.

The correct answer is option 4 i.e Elected by the Legislative Assemblies of various Provinces.

• The Constituent Assembly took almost three years (two years, eleven months and seventeen days to be precise) to complete its historic task of drafting the Constitution for Independent India.
• During this period, it held eleven sessions covering a total of 165 days. Of these, 114 days were spent on the consideration of the Draft Constitution.
• As to its composition, members were chosen by indirect election by the members of the Provincial Legislative Assemblies, according to the scheme recommended by the Cabinet Mission.
• The arrangement was:
• 292 members were elected through the Provincial Legislative Assemblies
• 93 members represented the Indian Princely States; and
• 4 members represented the Chief Commissioners' Provinces.
• The total membership of the Assembly thus was to be 389.
• However, as a result of the partition under the Mountbatten Plan of 3 June 1947, a separate Constituent Assembly was set up for Pakistan, and representatives of some Provinces ceased to be members of the Assembly.
• As a result, the membership of the Assembly was reduced to 299.

The correct answer is Benzene hexachloride.

• Addition reactions
• Under vigorous conditions, i.e., at high temperature and/ or pressure in the presence of a nickel catalyst, hydrogenation of benzene gives cyclohexane.
• Under ultra-violet light, three chlorine molecules add to benzene to produce benzene hexachloride, **C₆H₆Cl₆ which is also called **gammaxane.
• Benzene hexachloride is an isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane with the chemical formula C₆H₆Cl_6.
• It is also known as Lindane or hexachloride.
• Benzene hexachlorane is a colourless solid with a slight musty odour.
• It is an organochlorine chemical and is widely used as an agricultural insecticide as well as a pharmaceutical treatment for scabies and lice.
• Uses of Benzene hexachloride (C₆H₆Cl₆)
• Benzene hexachloride is used as an insecticide on crops, in forestry, and for seed treatment.
• It is used in the treatment of head and body lice.
• It is used in pharmaceuticals.
• It is used to treat scabies.
• It is used in shampoo.

The correct answer is option 2 i.e Micropropagation

• A clone is a group of the organism produced from a single parent through asexual reproduction or progeny of single plant obtained by asexual reproduction while in other processes like hybridization, cross-pollination and self-pollination mixing of two gametes is taking place.
• Micropropagation is the process of multiplication of somatic cells artificially.
• During this process, the same type of cells ( morphologically and genetically) are formed.
• Such group of cells are called as clones.
• Thus, the correct answer is option 2.

The correct answer is option 1 i.e Chemotherapy

• Drugs are chemicals of low molecular masses (~100 – 500u).
• These interact with macromolecular targets and produce a biological response.
• When the biological response is therapeutic and useful, these chemicals are called medicines and are used in diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases.
• If taken in doses higher than those recommended, most of the drugs used as medicines are potential poisons.
• Use of chemicals for therapeutic effect is called chemotherapy
• Treatment of cancer :
• The common approaches for treatment of cancer are surgery, radiation therapy and immunotherapy.
• In radiotherapy, tumor cells are irradiated lethally, taking proper care of the normal tissues surrounding the tumor mass.
• Several chemotherapeutic drugs are used to kill cancerous cells.
• Some of these are specific for particular tumors. Majority of drugs have side effects like hair loss, anemia, etc.
• Most cancers are treated by combination of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
• Tumor cells have been shown to avoid detection and destruction by immune system.
• Therefore, the patients are given substances called biological response modifiers such as α-interferon which activates their immune system and helps in destroying the tumor.

The current answer is Kuroshio Current.

• The largest current, because of its dark waters is known as the “Black Current” and that is Kuroshio current.
• Kuroshio Current is the oceanic surface current that flows northwards from the Philippines.
• The Kuroshio is a warm current flowing in a northeasterly direction along Japan’s east coast. It is about 100 kilometres (km) wide, and it has average speed of 3 to 4 knots.

The correct answer is option 4 i.e Is volatile.

Key Points

• Primary Memory
• Primary memory is an essential component of a computer system.
• Program and data are loaded into the primary memory before processing.
• The CPU interacts directly with the primary memory to perform read or write operation.
• It is of two types viz.
• Random Access Memory (RAM) and
• Read-Only Memory (ROM).
• RAM is volatile, i.e., as long as the power is supplied to the computer, it retains the data in it.
• But as soon as the power supply is turned off, all the contents of RAM are wiped out.
• It is used to store data temporarily while the computer is working.
• Whenever the computer is started or a software application is launched, the required program and data are loaded into RAM for processing.
• RAM is usually referred to as the main memory and it is faster than the secondary memory or storage devices.
• On the other hand, ROM is non-volatile, which means its contents are not lost even when the power is turned off.
• It is used as a small but faster permanent storage for the contents which are rarely changed.
• For example, the startup program (boot loader) that loads the operating system into primary memory, is stored in ROM

The correct answer is Mohammad Bin Tughlaq.

Key Points

• The earliest known attempt by a ruler to stop the practice of Sati took place during the rule of Muhammad Tughlaq in the 14^th century.
• His policy toward the Hindus was conciliatory, and he had tried to introduce social reforms, such as the abolition of sati.

Additional Information

• Muhammad bin Tughluq was the Sultan of Delhi.
• He is also known as the wisest fool.
• He ruled the Tughlaq dynasty from 1325 to 1351.
• He moved his capital from Delhi to Daulatabad in 1327.
• After two years he shifted the capital back to Delhi due to a lack of water supplies and many other issues.
• He introduced the 'token' currency in 1330.
• The coins introduced by Muhammad bin Tughlaq were made of brass and copper.
• The values of the coins were equal to that of gold and silver coins.
• The use of token currency has stopped in 1333 due to issues in trade and commerce.

The correct answer is Warren Hastings.

Key Points

Second Anglo-Mysore War (1780 – 1784)

• Causes of the war: 
• The Marathas attacked Mysore in 1771. But the British refused to honor the Treaty of Madras and did not give support to Hyder Ali.
• As a result, Hyder Ali’s territories were taken by the Marathas. He had to buy peace with the Marathas for a sum of Rs.36 lakh and another annual tribute.
• This angered Hyder Ali who started hating the British.
• When the English attacked Mahe, a French possession under Hyder Ali’s dominion, he declared war on the English in 1780.
• The course of the war: 
• Hyder Ali forged an alliance with the Nizam and the Marathas and defeated the British forces in Arcot.
• Hyder Ali died in 1782 and the war was continued by his son Tipu Sultan.
• Sir Eyre Coote, who had earlier defeated Hyder Ali many times, ended the war inconclusively with the Treaty of Mangalore.
• Warren Hastings (Governor-General from 1773 to 1785) was one of the many important figures who played a significant role in the expansion of Company power.
• By his time the Company had acquired power not only in Bengal but also in Bombay and Madras.
• British territories were broadly divided into administrative units called Presidencies.
• There were three Presidencies: Bengal, Madras, and Bombay.

Each was ruled by a Governor.

• The supreme head of the administration was the Governor-General.
• Warren Hastings, the first Governor-General, introduced several administrative reforms, notably in the sphere of justice.