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The correct answer is Aurangzeb.

Key Points

• Aurangzeb was born as Abul Muzaffar Muhi-ud-Din Muhammad Aurangzeb and is commonly known as Aurangzeb Alamgir.
• Aurangzeb disliked music and banned any form of music or dance in his kingdom in 1668.
• It is well known that during his reign, he banned singing, dancing, and playing musical instruments in his empire as it was against the Islamic teaching to which Aurangzeb followed very dearly.

Additional Information

• Unlike other rulers, he only had one wife.
• He was a devoted worshipper and thus known as Zinda Pir (living saint).
• Officials were empowered to break musical instruments if anywhere they heard the sound of music.
• Musicians and dancers who gave up their profession were given allowances by the Emperor.

Mughals:

• The Mughals were descendants of two great lineages of rulers.
• From their mother’s side, they were descendants of Genghis Khan (died 1227), the Mongol ruler who ruled over parts of China and Central Asia.
• From their father’s side, they were the successors of Timur (died 1404), the ruler of Iran, Iraq and modern-day Turkey.
• However, the Mughals did not like to be called Mughal or Mongol. This was because Genghis Khan’s memory was associated with the massacre of innumerable people.
• It was also linked with the Uzbeks, their Mongol competitors.
• On the other hand, the Mughals were proud of their Timurid ancestry, not least of all because their great ancestor had captured Delhi in 1398.

The correct answer is option 1 i.e Vice President.

• President
• The President is elected by members of an electoral college consisting of elected members of both Houses of Parliament and Legislative.
• Assemblies of the states in accordance with the system of proportional representation, by means of single transferable vote.
• To secure uniformity among state inter se, as well as parity between the states as a whole, and the Union, suitable weightage is given to each vote.
• The President must be a citizen of India, not less than 35 years of age, and qualified for election as a member of the Lok Sabha.
• His term of office is five years, and he is eligible for re-election. His removal from office is to be in accordance with the procedure prescribed in Article 61 of the Constitution.
• He may, by writing under his hand addressed to the Vice-President, resign his office.

The correct answer is option 2 i.e Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme.

• Development Role Manual – Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY)
• Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme (AIBP) & Har Khet Ko  Pani/ Command Area Development & Water Management (CADWM)
• [Department of Water Resources / Irrigation]-Expeditious implementation of ongoing major and medium irrigation projects under AIBP and assured irrigation under CADWM are majorly handled at the State Level.
• Though the interventions at the district level for both these components are nominal, Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement (LARR) for new projects would be majorly handled by DLIC at the district level.
• The objective of the AIBP component of PMKSY is to expedite the implementation of ongoing major and medium irrigation projects, including national projects.

The correct answer is option 1 i.e increases in demand accompanied by a decrease in supply.

• Demand Increases but supply decreases
• Here the demand and supply curve moves in the opposite directions.
• However, the demand curve shift towards the right(indicating an increase in demand), and the supply curve shift towards left(indicating a decrease in supply).
• Further, this is studied with the help of the following three cases:
• Increase in demand = decrease in supply
• When the increase in demand is equal to the decrease in supply, the shifts in both supply and demand curves are proportionately equal. Effectively, the equilibrium quantity remains the same however the equilibrium price rises.
• Increase in demand > decrease in supply
• In this case, the right shift of the demand curve is proportionately more than the leftward shift of the supply curve. Hence, both equilibrium quantity and price rise.
• Increase in demand < decrease in supply
• If the increase in demand is less than the decrease in supply, the shift of the demand curve tends to be less than that of the supply curve. Effectively, equilibrium quantity falls whereas the equilibrium price rises.

The correct answer is  two lives.

• Class – Amphibia
• As the name indicates (Gr., Amphi: dual, bios, life), amphibians can live in aquatic as well as terrestrial habitats.
• Most of them have two pairs of limbs.
• The body is divisible into head and trunk.
• Tail may be present in some.
• The amphibian skin is moist (without scales).
• The eyes have eyelids.
• A tympanum represents the ear.
• Alimentary canal, urinary and reproductive tracts open into a common chamber called cloaca which opens to the exterior.
• Respiration is by gills, lungs, and through the skin.
• The heart is three-chambered (two auricles and one ventricle).
• These are cold-blooded animals.
• Sexes are separate.
• Fertilization is external.
• They are oviparous and development is indirect.
• Examples: Bufo (Toad), Rana (Frog), Hyla (Tree frog), Salamandra (Salamander), Ichthyophis (Limbless amphibia).

The correct answer is option 1 i.e Rajya Sabha.

• Powers of Rajya Sabha
• Considers and approves non-money bills and suggests amendments to money bills.
• Approves constitutional amendments.
• Exercises control over executive by asking questions, introducing motions and resolutions.
• Participates in the election and removal of the President, Vice President, Judges of Supreme Court and High Court.
• It can alone initiate the procedure for the removal of Vice President.
• Can give the Union parliament power to make laws on matters included in the State list.
• Special Powers of Rajya Sabha
• As you know, the Rajya Sabha is an institutional mechanism to provide representation to the States.
• Its purpose is to protect the powers of the States. Therefore, any matter that affects the States must be referred to it for its consent and approval.
• Thus, if the Union Parliament wishes to remove a matter from the State list (over which only the State Legislature can make law) to either the Union List or Concurrent List in the interest of the nation, the approval of the Rajya Sabha is necessary.
• This provision adds to the strength of the Rajya Sabha.
• However, experience shows that the members of the Rajya Sabha represent their parties more than they represent their States.

The correct answer is Chile.

• Major countries in world copper production
• Chile, the world's leading copper producer by far, produced an estimated 5.6 million metric tons of copper in 2019.
• In second place is Peru, with an estimated copper mine production of 2.4 million metric tons in the same year.
• The world's third-largest copper producer from mines is China.
• In 2019, China produced an estimated 1.6 million metric tons of copper from mines, which is over three times less than Chile's production.
• The largest copper mines in the world are located primarily in the largest copper producing nations in the world.
• As Chile is the world's largest producer of copper, it is not surprising that three of the world's ten largest copper mines based on capacity are located there.
• At the top of the list is the Escondida mine, located in the Atacama Desert in Chile's Antofagasta Region.
• It had a capacity of some 1.37 million metric tons of copper in 2018, which is nearly twice the capacity of the world's second-largest copper mine, located in Indonesia.

The correct answer is option 1 i.e The wavelength of electrons is smaller as compared to the wavelength of visible light.

• The electron microscope which is a type of microscope that uses electrons to create an image of the target.
• It has much higher magnification or resolving power than a normal light microscope, up to two million times, allowing it to see smaller objects and details.
• Let's first review how a regular optical microscope works.
• A beam of light is shone through a thin target and the image is then magnified and focused using objective and ocular lenses.
• The amount of light which passes through the target depends on the densities of the target since the less dense regions allow more light to pass through than the denser regions.
• This means that the beam of light which is partially transmitted through the target carries information about the inner structure of the target.
• While the optical microscope uses light and focuses using lenses, the electron microscope uses electrons and focuses using electromagnets.
• Electron microscopes are very useful as they are able to magnify objects to a much higher resolution.
• This is because their de Broglie wavelengths are so much smaller than that of visible light.
• You hopefully remember that light is diffracted by objects which are separated by a distance of about the same size as the wavelength of the light.
• This diffraction then prevents you from being able to focus the transmitted light into an image.
• So the sizes at which diffraction occurs for a beam of electrons is much smaller than those for visible light.
• This is why you can magnify targets to a much higher order of magnification using electrons rather than visible light.

The correct answer is option 2 i.e Mangrove forests. 

Mangrove forests or Mangas

• They grow at tropical and subtropical latitudes near the equator where the sea surface temperatures never fall below 16° C.
• Mangroves lie in about two-thirds of the coastlines in tropical areas of the world.

Importance of Mangroves

• Buffer Zone between the land and sea.
• Stabilize the coastline, reducing erosion from storm surges, currents, waves, and tides.
• Play and invaluable role as nature’s shield against cyclones, ecological disasters, and as protector of shorelines.
• Breeding and nursery grounds for a variety of marine animals.
• Harbor a variety of life forms like invertebrates. Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and even mammals like tigers.
• Good source of income generation for shoreline communities like fisherfolk.
• Save the marine diversity, which is fast diminishing.
• Purify the water by absorbing impurities and harmful heavy metals and help us to breathe clean air by absorbing pollutants in the air.
• Potential source for recreation and tourism.
• The intricate root system of mangroves also makes these forests attractive to fish and other organisms seeking food and shelter from predators.

The correct answer is option 2 i.e water to glass.

Key Points

• Total Internal Reflection (TIR)only takes place when both of the following two conditions are met:

1. The light is in the more dense medium and approaching the less dense medium.
2. The angle of incidence is greater than the so-called critical angle.

• water is a rarer medium and glass is a denser medium
• The refractive index of water is 1.33 and for glass is 1.5, therefore TIR will not happen in the second option.
• What is the Formula of Total Internal Reflection?
• Total internal reflection n₁/n₂=sin r/sin i
• Critical angle[ θ ] ,sinθ =n₂/n₁
• r is the angle of refraction
• i is the angle of incidence
• n₁ is the refractive index in medium 1
• n₂ is the refractive index in medium 2
• θ is the critical angle