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The correct answer is Transpiration.

Key Points

• Transpiration is the process by which plants release water vapor through their leaves. It plays a significant role in cooling plants.
• When water is taken up by the plant's roots and transported to the leaves, it evaporates through tiny openings called stomata on the leaf surface.
• As the water evaporates, it carries away heat energy from the plant, resulting in a cooling effect. This process is similar to how sweating cools our bodies.
• Transpiration not only helps regulate the plant's temperature but also aids in nutrient uptake and maintaining the plant's structure.

Additional Information

• Photosynthesis: Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose (energy) and oxygen.
• Tropisms: Tropisms are plant responses to external stimuli that cause the plant to grow or move in a particular direction. Examples of tropisms include phototropism (response to light), gravitropism (response to gravity), and thigmotropism (response to touch).
• Germination: Germination is the process by which a seed sprouts and begins to grow into a new plant. It involves the activation of metabolic processes and the emergence of a young plant from the seed.

The correct answer is Extreme.

Key Points

• The tropical and polar regions are known for having extreme climatic conditions.
• Tropical regions: The tropical regions are located near the Equator and experience a hot and humid climate throughout the year.
• These regions have high temperatures, abundant rainfall, and high levels of humidity.
• Tropical regions are characterized by a relatively stable climate with minimal seasonal variations.

Additional Information

• Polar regions: The polar regions are located near the Earth's poles, including the Arctic region around the North Pole and the Antarctic region around the South Pole.
• These regions have extremely cold temperatures and are covered in ice and snow for a significant part of the year.
• Polar regions experience long periods of darkness during winter and long periods of daylight during summer.
• Both the tropical and polar regions exhibit climatic conditions that are at the extreme ends of the spectrum.
• The tropical regions are known for their high temperatures and humidity, while the polar regions are known for their extremely cold temperatures and icy environments.

The correct answer is Digestive system.

Key Points 

Bariatric surgery:

• Bariatric surgery is an operation that helps lose weight by making changes to the digestive system.
• Bariatric surgery does not involve the removal of fatty tissues from the body.
• It is a procedure that reduces the size of the stomach with a gastric band or removes a portion of the stomach that results in the interruption of the digestive system and therefore, restricts the amount of food a patient can eat.
• Ever since the country’s first bariatric procedure in 1999, the number of surgeries now approximates 15,000 per year, when the requirement is for almost four lakh.
• Bariatric and metabolic surgeries are procedures that are effective in treating obesity and associated co-morbid conditions.
• In 2019, bariatric and metabolic surgery was included in health insurance by the Insurance and Regulatory Development Authority of India for treating obesity.

The correct answer is 1 Joule per Coulomb.​

Key Points

• It can also be expressed as amperes times ohms, joules per coulomb (energy per unit charge), or watts per ampere (power per unit current).
• And finally, volt can be stated in SI base units as 1 V = 1 kg m2 s-3 A -1 (one-kilogram meter squared per second cubed per ampere).
• Hence option 2 is correct.​

Additional Information 

• SI Unit of Voltage
• The standard unit of measurement used for the expression of voltage is volt which is represented by the symbol v.
• However, the volt is a derived SI unit of electric potential or electromotive force.
• For this reason, volt can further be defined in several ways.
• Volt can also be defined as electric potential along a wire when an electric current of one ampere dissipates one watt (W) of power (W = J/s).
• V = W/A

The correct answer is A reflected ray.

Key Points 

• Reflection- 
• ​When the light rays fall on the plane surface it deviates from its path in the same medium.
• or When a ray of light is incident on the plane surface is reflected back into the same medium it is termed as Reflection.
• Example - Plane Mirror.
• A reflected ray: The ray of light that bounces back from the surface of reflection is called the reflected ray.

All the rays of the incident, normal and reflected lie on the same plane.

The correct answer is Iodine.

Key Points 

• Iodine
• It was first discovered by Courtois in 1811 from the ashes of seaweeds.
• Its atomic number is 53 and its mass number is 126.9.
• It is found in compound form in seawater and seaweeds as iodides.
• It is a non-metallic shining solid (possesses metallic lustre).
• In the human body, it exists in the form of Thyroxin, an organic compound secreted by the thyroid gland.
• Its deficiency in the Human body disturbs the working of the thyroid gland and leads to a goitre.

Additional Information

• Sodium
• Sodium is a highly reactive alkali metal with the atomic number 11.
• It has a silvery-white appearance and is soft enough to be easily cut with a knife.
• Sodium is an excellent conductor of electricity and heat.
• It has a low melting point and reacts violently with water, releasing hydrogen gas.
• Sodium is widely used in various applications, such as the production of chemicals, soaps, and detergents, as well as in the field of medicine.
• Phosphorus
• Phosphorus is a non-metal element with the atomic number 15.
• It exists in several different forms, known as allotropes.
• White phosphorus is the most reactive and dangerous form. It is a translucent, waxy solid that appears yellowish or slightly off-white.
• White phosphorus is highly toxic and flammable.
• Red phosphorus is more stable and appears as a dark red powder. It is used in matches, fireworks, and as a flame retardant.
• Black phosphorus is the most stable allotrope and has a layered structure. It appears as a brittle solid with a dark gray to black color.
• Sulphur
• Sulphur is a non-metal element with the atomic number 16.
• It is known for its yellow color in its most common form.
• Sulphur occurs naturally as a brittle solid and can be found in various shades of yellow.
• It has a low melting point and can easily be vaporized.
• Sulphur is widely used in the production of sulfuric acid, fertilizers, and rubber products.
• It is also an essential element in the formation of proteins and is found in amino acids.

The correct answer is Magnesium.

Key Points

• Magnesium is a chemical element with the symbol Mg.
• Its atomic number is 12 and its atomic mass is 24.305 u.
• Magnesium is a silver-white metal and a member of the alkaline earth metals group.
• It is known for its lightweight and is widely used in various applications.
• Magnesium is used in products that benefit from being lightweight, such as car seats, luggage, laptops, cameras and power tools.
• It is also added to molten iron and steel to remove sulfur.
• It's used in flares, fireworks, and sparklers.
• Magnesium plays a crucial role in many biological processes and is essential for human health.

Additional Information

• Sulphur is a chemical element with the symbol S.
• Its atomic number is 16
• The atomic mass of sulphur is 32.06 u.
• Chlorine is a chemical element with the symbol Cl.
• Its atomic number is 17
• The atomic mass of chlorine is 35.45 u.
• Sodium is a chemical element with the symbol Na.
• Its atomic number is 11
• The atomic mass of sodium is 22.98977 u.

The correct answer is Evaporation.

Key Points

• Evaporation is the process of converting a liquid into a vapor by heating or exposing it to a higher temperature.
• It is used to separate a solute from its solution by removing the solvent through evaporation.
• When a solution is heated, the solvent evaporates, leaving behind the solute as a solid residue.
• This method is commonly used to recover dissolved substances or obtain solid compounds from a solution.

Additional Information

• Sedimentation is a process where solid particles settle down at the bottom of a container due to gravity.
• Filtration involves passing a mixture through a filter to separate solid particles from a liquid or gas.
• Condensation is the process of converting a vapor or gas into a liquid by cooling.

The correct answer is Cockroach.

Key Points

• Cockroaches have an open vascular system, also known as an open circulatory system.
• In this type of circulatory system, the blood or hemolymph is not confined to blood vessels but directly bathes the tissues and organs.
• The hemolymph is pumped by the heart into interconnected spaces called sinuses or hemocoel, where it comes into direct contact with cells and tissues.
• The exchange of nutrients, gases, and waste products occurs between the hemolymph and the surrounding tissues.

Additional Information

• On the other hand, rats, humans, and birds have closed circulatory systems, also known as closed vascular systems.
• In closed circulatory systems, blood is confined within blood vessels, such as arteries, veins, and capillaries.
• The blood is pumped by the heart through a network of vessels, delivering oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removing waste products.
• Closed circulatory systems provide a more efficient and controlled distribution of blood and are found in higher vertebrates, including mammals and birds.

The correct answer is v2 = u2 + 2as.

Key Points

The correct equation is:

v² = u² + 2as.

This equation is known as the equation of motion for uniformly accelerated linear motion and relates:

final velocity = v,

initial velocity =u,

acceleration = a,

and distance covered = s in time (t).

It quantifies the change in velocity of an object in terms of its initial velocity, acceleration, and the distance it travels.