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The correct answer is "at a rapid pace".

Key Points

• The idiom "by leaps and bounds" is used to describe rapid progress or advancement. It signifies making significant strides or achieving substantial growth in a short period of time. It implies that the progress is happening quickly and in large increments, rather than gradually or steadily.
• Example: The startup company's revenue is increasing by leaps and bounds.
• Let us look at the meanings of all the options:
• "At a desired pace" suggests that the Indian industry is progressing according to the pace that is desired or expected. However, it does not capture the idea of rapid progress or advancement that is conveyed by the idiom/phrase "by leaps and bounds." Therefore, this option does not best express the meaning of the idiom/phrase.
• "At a rapid pace" conveys the idea of the Indian industry progressing quickly and making significant advancements. "By leaps and bounds" means making rapid progress or advancing quickly, and this option aligns with that meaning. It is the best choice that expresses the intended meaning of the idiom/phrase in the sentence.
• "Leisurely" suggests that the Indian industry is progressing at a relaxed or unhurried pace. It is the opposite of the idiom/phrase "by leaps and bounds," which conveys the idea of fast and significant progress. Therefore, this option does not accurately express the intended meaning of the idiom/phrase.
• "Intermittently" indicates that the progress of the Indian industry is happening in a sporadic or irregular manner, with breaks or pauses in between. This meaning does not align with the idiom/phrase "by leaps and bounds," which conveys consistent and rapid progress. Hence, this option does not best express the intended meaning of the idiom/phrase.
• Therefore, option 2 is correct.

The correct answer is "PRQS".

Key Points

• The most logical sequence for the given sentences is: "PRQS".
• S1: You live either in a village or a town of India.
• P: Many villages and towns form a tehsil or a taluka.
• R: Many tehsils of talukas form a district and many districts form a State.
• Q: There are also some areas in our country called Union Territories.
• S: These, together with all the states of our country make India.
• S6: India is our motherland.
• In this sequence: S1 introduces the topic by stating that individuals live in either a village or a town in India. (P) provides additional information by explaining that many villages and towns form a tehsil or taluka. (R) expands on the previous sentence by stating that many tehsils or talukas form a district, and many districts form a State. (Q) introduces the concept of Union Territories, which are separate areas in the country. (S) connects all the information by highlighting that these various units, including the states and Union Territories, together make India. S6 concludes the passage by emphasizing that India is our motherland.
• Therefore, option 1 is correct.

The correct answer is "Solid".

Key Points

• Hollow means having a space or cavity inside; empty or void; without substance.
• Example: The old tree trunk had a hollow center where birds nested.
• Let us look at meanings of all the words:
• Narrow refers to something that has a small width or is not wide. 
• Example: The narrow path through the forest could only fit one person at a time.
• Shallow describes something that has a small depth or is not deep.
• Example: The pond was shallow enough for children to wade in comfortably.
• Solid represents something that is not empty, has substance, or is not hollow.
• Example: The foundation of the building was constructed with solid concrete.
• Vacant means empty, unoccupied, or not filled.
• Example: The sign in front of the house read 'For Rent' indicating that the property was vacant.​
• From the meanings of all the words, it is clear that the correct antonym of "Hollow" is "Solid".
• Hence, option 3 is correct.

The correct answer is "I could see nothing at this hour of the detail of the mass."

Key Points

• The given sentence is in passive voice and the contains a modal verb; i.e. 'could'.
• Modals are special verbs that are different from normal verbs. They are never used alone and are always followed by a principal verb. They provide additional information about the principal verb. They are used to express certainty, possibility, willingness, obligation, necessity, and ability.
• The structure in active and passive voice for such sentences is mentioned below:
• Passive structure: Sub (receiver of the action) + modal verb + be  + V3 + by + object (performer of the action).
• Active structure: Sub (performer of the action) + modal verb + V1 + object (receiver of the action)
• ​To change the given sentence into active voice,
• ​Start the sentence with the performer of the action 'I'.
• If there are no performer mentioned in the sentence we can assume as per our convenience or as the context hints.
• After that 'could + see (V1)' will be placed.
• On following the above steps, we get the required active form of the sentence:
• I could see nothing at this hour of the detail of the mass.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 3).

Additional Information

• When the subject of a sentence performs the verb’s action, we say that the sentence is in the active voice.
• When the subject is acted on by the verb (in other words; receives the action of the verb), the sentence is in passive voice.

The correct answer is option 4.

Key Points 

• When changing the sentence from direct speech to indirect speech, we need to make several adjustments, including changes in pronouns, verb tenses, and reporting verbs.
• Let's us look at the process step by step:
• Identify the reporting verb: In this case, the reporting verb is "exclaimed."
• Convert the reporting verb to past tense: Since the original sentence is in the past tense, we keep the reporting verb in the past tense as well. Therefore, "exclaimed" remains unchanged.
• Change the pronouns: The pronouns in the reported speech need to be adjusted according to the perspective of the reporting speaker. In this case, the pronoun "she" will remain unchanged because the speaker reporting the statement is referring to the same person. However, the pronouns in the reported statement need to be changed. "I" becomes "she," and "we" becomes "they."
• Adjust verb tense: Since the original sentence is in Simple present tense, we need to change it to the Simple past tense in the reported speech. Therefore, "am" becomes "was."
• Remove quotation marks and exclamation mark: In Indirect speech, we do not use quotation marks or exclamation marks to enclose the reported statement.
• Putting it all together, the sentence in indirect speech becomes: "She exclaimed that she was afraid they were rather late."
• Therefore, option 4 is correct.

The correct answer is option 2.

Key Points

• To transform the given sentence from direct to indirect speech, we need to apply specific rules of transformation.
• The given sentence is a polite request in the form of a question.
• Here are the rules of transformation applied to the given sentence, along with the reasons behind each rule:
• Reporting verb: Change the reporting verb "said" to "requested" because the original sentence is a polite request, not a simple statement. Using "requested" conveys the context of the original statement more accurately.
• Pronoun change: Replace the second person pronoun "you" with the third person pronoun "her" to match the perspective of the speaker (Karen). This adjustment maintains the consistency of the narrative perspective.
• Question to statement: Convert the question in direct speech to a statement in indirect speech. Remove the question mark and restructure the sentence accordingly. This change is necessary because indirect speech typically uses statement structures rather than question formats.
• Infinitive verb form: Use the infinitive form of the main verb (take off) after "to" in the request. This form is commonly used in indirect speech when reporting requests.
• Applying these rules, the transformed sentence in indirect speech is: "Karen requested Annalise to take off her slippers before entering the temple."
• Therefore option 2 is correct.

The correct answer is "QPSR".

Key Points

• The most logical sequence for the passage is: S1 - Q - P - S - R - S6.
• To find the most logical sequence of the sentences, we need to identify the flow of ideas and the connections between the sentences.
• S1. When Weiner was travelling in India, he visited a factory where he saw small frail children sitting on damp ground.
• This sentence sets the scene for the passage. It describes Weiner's observation in the factory.
• Q: So he asked“, "What are they doing there?"
• After Weiner observed the children, it makes sense that he would ask about their activities in the factory.
• P: And the answer he got was that they were weaving carpets there.
• This sentence provides the answer to Weiner's question in the previous sentence, connecting the two.
• S: Weiner was shocked at the plight of the child workers.
• Upon learning about the children's work, Weiner's reaction of shock is a logical follow-up.
• R: And then he decided to study the problems of child labourers in India.
• After being shocked by the children's plight, Weiner's decision to study child labor issues in India is a natural progression of the narrative.
• S6. Recently he has published this book and it is winning him acclaim all over the world.
• This sentence concludes the passage by mentioning the outcome of Weiner's research.
• Hence, option 4 is correct.

The correct answer is option 4.

Key Points

• To change the given sentence from direct to indirect speech, we need to apply the rules of transformation while maintaining the original meaning of the sentence.
• Here are the rules of transformation and the reasons behind each rule applied to the given sentence:
• Reporting verb: Keep the reporting verb "said" as it is since the original sentence is a simple statement. The reporting verb helps connect the reporting clause with the reported clause.
• Add conjunction: Introduce the conjunction "that" after the reporting verb to connect the reporting clause with the reported clause. This is necessary to create a cohesive sentence in indirect speech.
• Pronoun change: Replace the first person pronoun "I" with the third person pronoun "he" to match the perspective of the speaker (the servant). This adjustment is important for maintaining the consistency of the narrative perspective.
• Tense change: In this case, there is no need to change the tense because the reported event is still valid at the time of reporting. The original verb "met" in Simple Past and "was coming" in Past Continuous can remain unchanged.
• Applying these rules, the transformed sentence in indirect speech is: "The servant said that he met Ramesh when he was coming from the market."
• Therefore, option 4 is correct.

The correct answer is "CDBEA".

Key Points

• To rearrange the jumbled sentences into a meaningful paragraph, we need to identify the flow of ideas and connections between the sentences.
• Here's the logical sequence of the sentences and the reasons for the rearrangement:
• C. In sport, greatness is seldom achieved alone.
• This sentence serves as the introduction to the main idea of the paragraph, which is that greatness in sports is not achieved in isolation.
• D. For greatness’s ultimate stamp of approval lies in the overcoming of the thrilling challenges provided by a worthy opponent.
• This sentence follows sentence C by elaborating on the idea that greatness is validated by facing challenges from strong opponents.
• B. For greatness cannot exist in a vacuum, so to say.
• This sentence further emphasizes the idea introduced in sentences C and D, stating that greatness cannot be achieved without competition or challenges from others.
• E. It is accomplished when the owner of the tag stands up to gladiatorial challenges from men and women who themselves are seeking the surname Great.
• This sentence provides more detail on how greatness is achieved, describing the competitive nature of sports and the determination of athletes seeking greatness.
• A. One man’s claim to lasting reputation depends on the other.
• This concluding sentence ties everything together by summarizing the main idea of the paragraph: the achievement of greatness and lasting reputation in sports depends on the challenges and competition provided by other athletes.
• The rearranged paragraph creates a logical flow of ideas, discussing the concept of greatness in sports and how it's closely tied to overcoming challenges posed by worthy opponents.
• Hence, option 3 is correct.

The correct answer is option 4. 

Key Points

• To transform the given sentence from active to passive voice, we need to apply the rules of transformation while maintaining the original meaning of the sentence.
• Here are the rules of transformation for changing the sentence into passive voice and the reasons behind each rule:
• Subject and Object: Switch the positions of the subject and the object in the sentence. The subject "she" becomes the agent, and the object "some things" becomes the new subject. This is done to emphasize the action's receiver (some things) rather than the doer (she).
• Auxiliary Verb: Introduce the appropriate form of the auxiliary verb "to be" in the sentence. In this case, the original verb "exaggerated" is in the Simple Past tense, so the corresponding form of "to be" is "were". The auxiliary verb is necessary to form the passive voice structure.
• Past Participle: Change the main verb into its past participle form. The past participle of "exaggerate" is "exaggerated." The past participle form is used in passive voice structures to show that the action has been performed on the subject.
• Preposition "by": Add the preposition "by" before the agent "her" to indicate who performed the action. The preposition "by" is used to connect the agent with the action in passive voice sentences.
• Applying these rules, the transformed sentence in passive voice is: "Some things were exaggerated by her."
• Therefore option 4 is correct.