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The answer is Asiatic elephant

**Key Points:**Vulnerable Species: 

• Species whose population has declined to levels from where it is likely to move into the endangered category in the near future if the negative factors continue to operate.
• Examples:
• Blue sheep, Asiatic elephant, Gangetic dolphin

Endemic Species:

• Species that are only found in some particular areas usually isolated by natural or geographical barriers.
• Examples:
• Andaman teal, Nicobar pigeon, Andaman wild pig, Mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Additional Information:

• Based on the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), we can classify the plant and animal species as:

Normal Species:

• Species whose population levels are considered to be normal for their survival, such as cattle, sal, pine, rodents, etc.

Endangered Species:

• Species that are in danger of extinction.
• The survival of such species is difficult if the negative factors that have led to a decline in their population continue to operate.
• Examples:
• Blackbuck, Crocodile, Indian wild ass, Indian rhino, Lion-tailed macaque, Sangai (brow-antlered deer in Manipur)

Rare Species:

• Species with a small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category if the negative factors affecting them continue to operate.
• Examples:
• Himalayan brown bear, Wild Asiatic buffalo, Desert fox and Hornbill

Extinct Species:

• Species that are not found after searches of known or likely areas where they may occur.
• A species may be extinct from a local area, region, country, continent or the entire earth.
• Examples:
• Asiatic cheetah, Pink head duck

The correct answer is Periods.

Additional Information

• The periodic table which is also known as the periodic table of elements, is a tabulated form of display of the chemical elements, which are put in order by atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties.
• The structure of the table depicts periodic trends.
• The seven rows of the table, called periods, commonly have metals on the left and nonmetals on the right.
• The columns, called groups, contain elements with identical chemical properties.
• Six groups have recognized names as well as allocated numbers: for example, group 17 elements are the halogens; and group 18 are the noble gases.

The correct answer is Electromagnetic Induction.

• The modern electrical generator works on the Electromagnetic Induction principle.

Additional Information

• Faraday’s first law of electromagnetic induction states that whenever a conductor is placed in a varying magnetic field, emf is induced which is called induced emf. If the conductor circuit is closed, the current will also circulate through the circuit and this current is called induced current.
• Faraday's second law of electromagnetic induction states that the magnitude of emf induced in the coil is equal to the rate of change of flux that linkages with the coil. The flux linkage of the coil is the product of a number of turns in the coil and flux associated with the coil.

Important Points

• Electric generator function-
• ​An Electric generator works on the principle of Faraday's law of Electromagnetic Induction.
• An electric generator uses mechanical energy to generate electricity applying Faraday's law of induction.
• It spins a coil at a constant rate in a magnetic field to induce an oscillating emf.
• A conductor coil (a copper coil tightly wound onto a metal core) is rotated rapidly between the poles of a horseshoe-type magnet. The conductor coil along with its core is known as an armature.
• The armature is connected to a shaft of a mechanical energy source such as a motor and rotated.
• The mechanical energy required can be provided by engines operating on fuels such as diesel, petrol, natural gas, etc., or via renewable energy sources.
• When the coil rotates, it cuts the magnetic field which lies between the two poles of the magnet.
• The magnetic field will interfere with the electrons in the conductor to induce a flow of electric current inside it.

The correct answer is Species.

Important Points

• The sum total of the populations of the same kind of organisms is called species.
• Species are often defined as a group of individuals with similar characteristics, where they can interbreed to produce fertile offsprings.

Taxonomy

• Taxonomy is the branch of biology that deals with naming, describing, and classification of all living organisms including plants.
• Classification is based on behavioral, genetic, and biochemical variations.
• Organisms are classified into seven main categories:  kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.
• The scientific classification of humans is as follows:
• Kingdom:  Animalia
• Phylum: Chordata
• Class: Mammalia
• Order: Primates
• Family: Hominidae
• Genus: Homo
• Species: Sapiens

The eye has crystalline or convex lens. It can adjust its focus and provides us with a clear picture of the objects that we see.

The correct answer is Class B fire.

Explanation:

Foam is used to put out Class B fire which involves flammable or combustible liquids such as gasoline, kerosene, oils, paints and tar. A layer of foam is applied to the surface of the fuel to stop the production of vapors. If the liquid can no longer release any vapors to mix with the air, the fire goes out.

Additional Information

Classes of fire extinguishers:

These are based on the class of fire to be put out.

Class A :

• This is suitable for cloth, wood, rubber, paper, various plastics, and regular combustible fires.
• Class A fire extinguishers are designed to put out fires that have started from household items that are made out of materials that will quickly ignite. These materials include paper products and furniture made from wood.
• The Type A fire extinguisher contains water. The letter A stands for ash. A fire that burns from household items will leave ashes.

Class B :

• This is suitable for grease, gasoline or oil-based fire is usually filled with a dry chemical.
• Class B fire extinguishers are used to put out fires that have started from highly flammable liquids. These liquids include any type of lacquer or oil-based paint products, paint thinners and lacquer thinners, oils, and gasoline.
• The letter B represents a barrel. Most of these chemicals are transported in a barrel-like container.
• Example - Foam

Class C :

• This is suitable for electrical fires caused by appliances, tools and other plugged in gear. It can contain either halon or CO2. Halon is expensive and depletes the ozone layer and its use is restricted.
• Class C fire extinguishers are used to put out fires that have started from an electrical source. The source could be from appliances, lighting or your electrical system.
• This extinguisher uses carbon dioxide to put out the fire. Carbon dioxide will basically remove the oxygen from the air around the fire. Carbon dioxide is also used in some Type B extinguishers.

Class D:

• This is used for water-reactive metals such as burning magnesium and will be located in factories using such metals.
• Class D extinguishers are used to put out fires on metals that are capable of burning. These types of metals are found in the manufacturing industry only. This extinguisher uses a dry powder to put out the fire.

Class K :

• This contains a special purpose wet chemical agent for use in kitchen fires and deep fryers to stop fires started by vegetable oils, animal fats, or other fats started in cooking appliances.

The Correct Answer is Dr. Lalji Singh.

Key Points 

• The father of DNA Fingerprinting in India is Dr. Lalji Singh. He was from Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh.
• Famous Books of Dr. Lalji Singh: My Travails in the Witness Box, DNA Fingerprinting: The Witness Within

Additional Information Some important Scientist’s names:

Concept:

• Muscle cramps happen when anaerobic respiration takes place in our muscle cells.
• When we are doing heavy physical work/exercise then there is a lack of oxygen as demanded by the muscles cause this.

Explanation:

The below figure explains the flow of conversion of glucose to energy -

• When the Pyruvate converted into lactic acid instead of CO₂ + Energy + H₂O
• Muscle cramps occur.
• A hot water bath or a massage can help in getting relief from muscle cramps. These two things improve blood circulation, thereby increasing the supply of oxygen to the muscles.

Hence, after doing physical work we get muscle cramps are due to the conversion of pyruvate to lactic acid.

Concept:

• Saliva is a fluid present in our mouth.
• It is secreted by salivary glands.
• Functions of saliva:
• ​Keeps the mouth moist.
• Wetting food and permitting the initiation of swallowing.
• Protecting the oral mucosa from drying out.
• Fight germs in the mouth.
• Saliva is made up of:
• ​98% water
• 2% digestive enzymes

Explanation:

• Our food is composed of complex substances.
• To digest food, it needs to be converted into a simpler form.
• Our saliva contains an enzyme called salivary amylase.
• Salivary amylase breaks starch into maltose and dextrin.

Thus, saliva with the help of salivary amylase converts starch into maltose.

Important Points

Starch is a:

• complex carbohydrate.
• produced by green plants during photosynthesis.
• it is stored in plants as energy.

Maltose is a:

Maltose is an intermediate sugar formed by the action of amylase-catalyzed hydrolysis of starch.

Additional Information

Different enzymes released for digestion:

The correct answer is Louis Pasteur.

Key Points

• The pasteurization process was discovered by Louis Pasteur.
• It is the process that kills harmful bacteria by heating milk to a specific temperature.
• The process of pasteurization involves heating milk to about 70°C for at least 15 to 30 seconds.
• By doing so, it prevents the growth of microbes.

Additional Information

• Alexander Fleming - In 1928, Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin. This discovery led to the introduction of antibiotics that greatly reduced the number of deaths from infection.
• Karl Bergmann - Karl Bergmann was a German biologist who is known for Bergmann's Rule that predicts the relation between animal body size with latitude and elevation.
• Lewis Agassiz - Louis Agassiz has been called the "Father of Glaciology" and the "First Naturalist." He is one of the greatest contributors to the science of water. He discovered evidence of a time when the frozen state of water changed Earth's landscape.