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The correct answer is Taj Mahal.

Key Points

• Taj Mahal is a UNESCO-acclaimed World Heritage site in Uttar Pradesh. 
• ​The Taj Mahal was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983 for being "the jewel of Muslim art in India".
• Taj Mahal
• It is located on the right bank of the Yamuna River in Agra district of Uttar Pradesh.
• It was built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal with construction starting in 1632 AD and completed in 1648 AD.
• Ustad-Ahmad Lahori was the main architect of the Taj Mahal.
• The large double storied domed chamber, which houses the cenotaphs of Mumtaz Mahal and Shah Jahan, is a perfect octagon in plan.

Additional Information

• Sarnath Stupa
• ​Dhamek Stupa is one of the most famous and Buddhist stupas located in Sarnath near Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh, India
• It was built in 249 B.C.E. by the great Mauryan king Ashoka.
• It bears special significance among all the Buddhist stupas as it is believed to be the "seat of the holy Buddha", where Lord Buddha had preached his first sermon after attaining enlightenment at Bodhgaya.
• Allahabad Fort  ​
• It is a fort built by the Mughal emperor Akbar at Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh.
• It stands on the banks of the Yamuna near its confluence with the river Ganges.
• It is recognised by the Archaeological Survey of India as a monument of national importance.

The correct answer is 31^st October.

Key Points 

• India celebrates the National Unity Day or Ekta Diwas on 31^st October. 
• In 2014, the Government of India introduced Rashtriya Ekta Diwas, or National Unity Day with an aim to pay tribute to Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel on his birth anniversary.
• Rashtriya Ekta Diwas was inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in 2014, by paying tribute to the Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel's statue and flagging a program which was known as Run For Unity in New Delhi.
• The Government of India has constructed a huge statue of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel near the Narmada River in Gujarat in memory of the Iron Man of India.

Additional Information

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel:

• Patel was born on 31 October 1875 at Nadiad, Gujarat, India, and died on 15 December 1950 in Bombay.
• Patel, during the first three years of Indian independence, served as Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Home Affairs, Minister of Information, and Minister of State.
• He served as the first Indian municipal commissioner of Ahmadabad from 1917 to 1924 and was elected as municipal president from 1924 to 1928.
• Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was the second candidate after Mahatma Gandhi to the presidency of the 1929 Lahore session of the Indian National Congress.

The correct answer is 14^th November.

Key Points 

• World Diabetes Day is the primary global awareness campaign focusing on diabetes mellitus and is held on 14 November each year.
• Led by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), each World Diabetes Day focuses on a theme related to diabetes.
• The theme of World Diabetes Day is "The Nurse and Diabetes".

Additional Information 

• There are 2 types of diabetes: 
• Type-2 diabetes is a largely preventable and treatable non-communicable disease that is rapidly increasing in numbers worldwide.
• Type 1 diabetes is not preventable but can be managed with insulin injections.

The correct answer is Boyle’s Law.

• According to Boyle’s Law at a constant temperature, the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to pressure.

Key Points

• Boyle’s Law
• At constant temperature, the volume of a definite mass of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure.
• P. V = constant

Additional Information

• Charles’ Law:
• At constant pressure, the volume of a fixed mass of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature.
• $V ∝T$
• Gay-Lussac’s Law
• At constant volume, the pressure of a given mass of a gas is directly proportional to the temperature in Kelvin.
• $P∝{T}$
• Graham’s Law of Diffusion
• According to this law, the rate of diffusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its density.

The correct answer is Water.

Key Points

Xylem:

• Water Transport: Xylem is responsible for the transport of water and dissolved minerals from the roots to other parts of the plant.
• It forms a network of interconnected tubes that extend from the root system to the leaves.
• Structure and Components: Xylem tissue is composed of several types of specialized cells.
• The main conducting cells in xylem are called tracheary elements, which include tracheids and vessel elements. These cells have thick, lignified cell walls that provide structural support and prevent collapse under the tension created during water transport.
• Unidirectional Flow: The movement of water through xylem occurs in a unidirectional manner, primarily driven by transpiration, which is the loss of water vapor through the stomata on the leaves.
• This process creates a negative pressure or tension, pulling water upward from the roots to the upper parts of the plant.

Phloem:

• Nutrient Transport: Phloem is responsible for the transport of organic nutrients, such as sugars, amino acids, and hormones, from the site of production (usually leaves) to other parts of the plant.
• It allows the distribution of these nutrients to areas of growth, storage, or metabolic activity.
• Structure and Components: Phloem tissue consists of several cell types, including sieve tube elements, companion cells, phloem fibers, and phloem parenchyma cells.
• The main conducting cells are the sieve tube elements, which form sieve tubes. These cells lack nuclei and have perforated sieve plates that allow the movement of nutrients between adjacent cells.
• Bidirectional Flow: The movement of nutrients through phloem can occur in both upward (from source to sink) and downward (from sink to source) directions.
• This bidirectional flow is facilitated by pressure gradients and active transport mechanisms. Source tissues, such as mature leaves, produce sugars and load them into the phloem, while sink tissues, such as developing fruits or roots, consume the nutrients.

Pietra Dura is a fine inlay work with semi-precious stones.

Important Points

• Pietra Dura is an elaborate architectural technique introduced by Shah Jahan during his reign.
• His reign is known as the Golden Age of the Mughal Architecture who built some of the extraordinary buildings and forts like the Taj Mahal, the Red Fort, Jama Masjid, and Shalimar Bagh.
• His buildings include Persian styles, fine white marbles, domes, symmetrical designs, curved lines, etc.
• One of the distinctive features of his building is Petra Dura or Parchin Kari where semi-precious stones like lapis lazuli, topaz, and onyx were carved into the fine marble to create different floral images.
• Pietra Dura inlays were prominent in the Red Fort at Delhi where a series of Pietra Dura were inlaid behind the emperor's throne.

Hence, we can conclude that Pietra Dura is a floral design embedded into marbles.

Confusion Points

• Pietra Dura Coloured, hard stones placed in depressions carved into marble or sandstone create beautiful, ornate patterns with precious stones adorning the walls with flowers.

Explanation:

Bakelite is a polymer that is made up of the monomers phenol and Formaldehyde. This phenol-Formaldehyde is a Thermosetting polymer.

Some important properties of Bakelite are listed below.

• It can be easily Molded.
• Very smooth molding can be obtained from this polymer.
• Bakelite moldings are heat resistant and scratch-resistant.
• Owing to its low electrical conductivity, bakelite is resistant to electric current.

Bakelite structure:

Important Points

• Bakelite is used for making electrical switches.
• Melamine is used for floor tiles.

The correct answer is Gamma Rays.

Key Points

• Gamma rays have the shortest wavelength and highest frequency (energy) in the electromagnetic spectrum.
• They are electromagnetic waves with wavelengths in the range of 10^-12m and frequencies around 10²⁰- 10²⁴ Hz.
• They have a high penetrating power.
• They are a result of decaying radioactive material and can also be found in outer space.
• They are used in medical applications for sterilisation of equipment and cancer treatment.

Additional Information

• Other radiations in the Electromagnetic spectrum are:

The correct answer is High elongation.

Explanation:

Polymers

• They are giant molecules. They are important chemicals in our bodies (proteins, poly(nucleic acids)), in plants (starch, cellulose), and in our everyday lives (fibres, plastics, elastomers).
• Every polymer has its own characteristics, but most polymers have the following general properties.

Additional Information 

• Characteristics of Polymers
• Low specific gravity and high specific strength
• Thermal and electrical insulations
• Corrosion and weather resistances
• They can be processed in various ways to produce thin fibres or intricate parts (High elongation)
• Ease in design and manufacturing of complicated structures
• Outstanding aesthetic appeal due to ease in the adoption of permanent colours
• Mass production with low energy-intensive manufacturing techniques
• Ease in printability and adhesion
• Ease in handling and cleanliness
• Offering tremendous scope of physical and chemical modification to meet industrial and consumer requirement
• Tremendous adaptability to low-cost production.

The correct answer is Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome

Key Point

• AIDS:
• AIDS stands for Acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
• It is a syndrome caused by a virus termed HIV (human immunodeficiency virus).
• This virus affects the immune system in humans and makes them much more vulnerable to infections and diseases.
• It is a disease that progressed initially foar a long period without any symptoms.
• When the HIV virus attacks the T-cells in the immune system, it makes your body weak symptoms like a headache, fever, sore joints, and muscles, etc start appearing. When AIDS remains unattended, it leads to death.