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The correct answer is Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus.

Key Points

• In Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, there is a historic railroad station known as Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus.
• It is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
• Its construction started in 1878 and was finished in 1887, the year that Queen Victoria had reigned for 50 years.
• After Shivaji, the ferocious king of the 17^th century, the station's name was changed from Victoria Terminus to "Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus" in March 1996.
• The station was once more given the name "Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus" in 2017.
• The word "Maharaj" literally translates to "Great King; Emperor."
• The terminus is the **headquarters of India's Central Railway.**​

Additional Information

• Gateway of India:
• The Gateway of India is an arch-shaped structure that was erected in Mumbai, India, in the early 20^th century.
• It was built to mark King-Emperor George V's arrival in India, the first British king to do so.
• It was built in December 1911 close to Wellington Fountain on Strand Road.
• Victoria Memorial:
• Built between 1906 and 1921, the Victoria Memorial is a sizable marble structure on the Maidan in the heart of Kolkata.
• It honors Queen Victoria, who reigned as Empress of India from 1876 to 1901.
• India Gate:
• The India Gate is a war memorial that can be seen next to Rajpath on the eastern edge of New Delhi's "ceremonial axis," also known as duty path.

शुद्ध शब्द है - 'आशीर्वाद'

• आशीर्वाद - शुभ वचन, असीस।
• अन्य सभी विकल्प वर्तनी की दृष्टि से गलत है।

Mistake Points

• आशिर्वाद - ('ई' की मात्रा से सम्बन्धित त्रुटि)
• आर्शीवाद - ('र्' वर्ण के प्रयोग से सम्बन्धित त्रुटि)
• आशीरवाद - ('र्' वर्ण के प्रयोग से सम्बन्धित त्रुटि)

Key Points

• किसी शब्द में आये हुए अक्षरों को मात्राओं सहित कहने या लिखने की रीति को वर्तनी कहते हैं। वर्तनी का सीधा सम्बन्ध उच्चारण से होता है।
• यदि उच्चारण शुद्ध होगा तो वर्तनी शुद्ध होगी और यदि उच्चारण अशुद्ध होगा तो वर्तनी भी अशुद्ध होगी।

Additional Information कुछ अशुद्ध से शुद्ध शब्द:-

• अशुद्ध - शुद्ध
• घनिष्ट - घनिष्ठ
• उद्दत - उद्यत
• क्षत्रीय - क्षत्रिय
• गृहणी - गृहिणी
• अपरान्ह - अपराह्न
• कार्यवाई - कार्रवाई
• एच्छिक - ऐच्छिक

The correct answer is Option 4 i.e. 'friendly'.

 Key Points

• The given word "amiable" refers to having or displaying a friendly and pleasant manner.
• Example: John's amiable nature makes him popular among his peers.
• The correct word "friendly" refers to someone who is kind, pleasant, and helpful towards others.
• Example: She has a friendly approach towards teaching, which makes students comfortable to ask questions.

Therefore, the correct answer is- friendly.

Additional Information

• Simple: This means easily understood or done; presenting no difficulty.
• Example: The instructions were written in a simple and clear manner.
• Strict: This means demanding that rules concerning behavior are obeyed and observed.
• Example: The new policy is stricter regarding attendance and punctuality.
• Academic: This relates to education and scholarship. 
• Example: Her academic achievements were recognized with several awards.

Shortcut Trick

Initial ratio of CP : SP = 100 : 120 = 5 : 6

New ratio of CP : SP = 100 : 140 = 5 : 7 (since both CP and SP are reduced by ₹20)

Applying the cross-multiplication method: Difference in ratio units = (5 × 7) − (5 × 6) = 5 units.

Absolute difference in value = (7 × 20) − (5 × 20) = 40.

⇒ 5 units = ₹40 (Since initial CP is exactly 5 units, Initial CP = ₹40).

∴ The correct answer is ₹40.

Alternate Method

Given:

Initial profit = 20%

Both Cost Price (CP) and Selling Price (SP) are reduced by ₹20.

New profit = 40%

Formula Used:

SP = CP × (100 + Profit%) ÷ 100

Initial Scenario

CP = 5x

+20% Profit

SP = 6x

− ₹20

− ₹20

New Scenario

CP = 5x − 20

+40% Profit

SP = 6x − 20

Equation: (6x − 20) = 1.4 × (5x − 20)

Calculations:

Let the initial Cost Price (CP) be 5x and Selling Price (SP) be 6x (from the 20% profit ratio of 100:120).

⇒ New CP = 5x − 20

⇒ New SP = 6x − 20

The new profit is 40%, so the ratio of new CP to new SP is 100 : 140 = 5 : 7.

⇒ (5x − 20) ÷ (6x − 20) = 5 ÷ 7

⇒ 7 × (5x − 20) = 5 × (6x − 20)

⇒ 35x − 140 = 30x − 100

⇒ 35x − 30x = 140 − 100

⇒ 5x = 40

⇒ Initial Cost Price = 5x = ₹40.

∴ The correct answer is ₹40.

Additional Information

Profit and Loss Ratios

Profit or loss is always calculated on the base of Cost Price (CP) unless specifically mentioned otherwise. Profit % = (SP − CP) ÷ CP × 100.

Cross Multiplication Method

When two related quantities (like CP and SP) change by equal or unequal amounts, their final ratio can be determined smoothly using cross-product differences directly equated to the absolute magnitude of change.

Marked Price and Discount

Discount is exclusively given on the Marked Price (MP). The relationship connecting Cost Price, Marked Price, Profit% and Discount% is MP ÷ CP = (100 + Profit%) ÷ (100 − Discount%).

The correct answer is Jynneos.

Key Points

• Jynneos is a vaccine for the prevention of smallpox disease in adults 18 years of age and older determined to be at high risk for smallpox infection.
• It is also known as Imvamune or Imvanex.
• It has been licensed in the United States to prevent monkeypox and smallpox.
• The reason being that monkeypox virus is closely related to the virus that causes smallpox, smallpox vaccine can also protect people from getting monkeypox.
• The vaccine was 85% effective in Africa in preventing monkeypox.

• Amir Khusrau was a prolific classical poet associated with the royal courts of emperors.
• He was a Sufi musician, poet and scholar from India around the 13^th century.
• He is also called “father of qawwali” and is credited with the creation of qawwali form.
• He became a disciple of Sufi Saint Nizamuddin Auliya.
• He also brought into circulation the two specific musical genres of 'Tarana' and 'Kaul', which complemented the prevalent array of musical forms.
• Alaudin khilji appreciated poetry and invited many poets to his courts but khusro was honoured and respected in his court and given the title” Amir”.
• The famous poet Amir Khusrau composed poetry in Urdu.

दिए गए वाक्य में "बहुत जरूर है" में वाक्यगत त्रुटि है। यहाँ पर 'जरूर' शब्द की जगह 'जरूरी' शब्द का प्रयोग किया जाएगा। 

• सही वाक्य होगा-
• समय पर सोना और जागना स्वास्थ्य के लिए बहुत जरूरी है।

Key Points

Additional Informationवाक्‍य में अशुद्धियाँ- ​

• वाक्‍य सम्‍प्रेषण की सबसे महत्‍वपूर्ण और सार्थक इकाई है अत: वाक्‍यगत अशुद्धियों को शुद्ध रूप में लिखना वाक्‍य को अधिक सरल बनाता है।
• वाक्‍य में पदक्रम, पुनरावृत्ति, वर्तनी, शब्‍द-अर्थ, संज्ञा, सर्वनाम, लिंग, वचन, क्रिया, विशेषण, क्रिया-विशेषण आदि अशुद्धियॉं हो सकती हैं।

The correct answer is "PQRS."

 Key Points

• Part P introduces the subject (The research paper analyses) to the sentence. So, this must be the first part.
• The next part is the pair QR as it introduces the next part with "the relationship between diet and (Q) disease and the importance of."
• The next part is the object of the sentence, i.e. the part S.
• The sentence follows the logical order of presenting the subject first, followed by the action (analysis) and then the object (relationship between diet and disease and the importance of exercise in maintaining good health).
• The correct answer is Option 4.
• Correct sentence:

The research paper analyses (P) the relationship between diet and (Q) disease and the importance of (R) exercise in maintaining good health (S).

Shortcut Trick

Investment Ratio = Profit Ratio ÷ Time Ratio

Investment Ratio = (4 ÷ 3) : (3 ÷ 2) : (14 ÷ 7)

Investment Ratio = 4/3 : 3/2 : 2

Multiply the entire ratio by the LCM of denominators (3 and 2), which is 6.

Investment Ratio = (4/3 × 6) : (3/2 × 6) : (2 × 6) = 8 : 9 : 12

∴ The correct answer is 8 : 9 : 12.

Alternate Method

Given:

Ratio of Time Periods (T_A : T_B : T_C) = 3 : 2 : 7

Ratio of Profits (P_A : P_B : P_C) = 4 : 3 : 14

Formula Used:

Profit = Investment × Time ⇒ Investment = Profit ÷ Time

Calculations:

⇒ Let Investment of A, B and C be I_A, I_B and I_C respectively.

⇒ I_A : I_B : I_C = (P_A / T_A) : (P_B / T_B) : (P_C / T_C)

⇒ I_A : I_B : I_C = (4/3) : (3/2) : (14/7)

⇒ I_A : I_B : I_C = (4/3) : (3/2) : 2

⇒ To remove fractions, multiply by LCM of 3 and 2 = 6

⇒ I_A : I_B : I_C = (4/3 × 6) : (3/2 × 6) : (2 × 6)

⇒ I_A : I_B : I_C = 8 : 9 : 12

∴ The correct answer is 8 : 9 : 12.

Additional Information

Partnership Basic Principle

In any partnership, the profit is distributed in the ratio of the product of the Capital and the Time for which it was invested. Profit = Investment × Time.

Active and Sleeping Partners

An active partner manages the business and may receive a salary or extra profit share, while a sleeping partner only provides capital and shares profit/loss based on the investment ratio.

Time Ratio Calculation

If the profit ratio and investment ratio are known, the time ratio can be calculated as T₁ : T₂ = (P₁/I₁) : (P₂/I₂).

Explanation:

• The cell is the structural and functional unit of life.
• The size & shape of cells vary with their functions, for example, Mycoplasmas, the smallest cells, are only 0.3 μm in length while bacteria could be 3 to 5 μm.
• Human red blood cells are about 7.0 μm in diameter
• Osteocytes, the bone cells are the longest-lived cells.
• The largest cell of the Human body is the Female gamete i.e. Ovum, however, according to the options given Neuron will be considered the correct answer.
• Nerve cells or neurons are the longest body cells

Mistake Points

• The largest body cell in humans is the Female gamete - ovum but here it is not given in the options, so according to the options neurons will be considered correct as it is the longest body cell