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The correct answer is Filtration

Key Points

• Filtration is when solid particles in a liquid or gaseous fluids are removed and the liquid is passed through a membrane.
• It is also called Sedimentation which separates water from mud or sand. Hence option 1 is correct.
• In this heavier impurities present in the water settle down after some time which makes it easier to filter.
• A separating funnel is used to separate two immiscible liquids. 
• When two immiscible liquids are placed in a separatory funnel, two layers are seen. The denser solvent will be at the bottom.

Additional Information

• Distillation is a process that separates two or more components by converting liquid into a vapour and then subsequently condenses back the vapour into a liquid state.
• Crystallization is a process that happens when a material solidifies from a liquid.

The correct answer is 'bunglow'.

Key Points

• The correct spelling of 'bunglow' is BUNGALOW and it means a low house having only one storey or, in some cases, upper rooms set in the roof, typically with dormer windows.
• All other given options have been spelt correctly.
• Hence, option 2  is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• Balloon - a small coloured rubber bag which is inflated with air and then sealed at the neck, used as a child's toy or a decoration. 
• We decorated the room with balloons and streamers for his party.
• Irritant - a substance that causes slight inflammation or another discomfort to the body.
• Poison ivy is a powerful skin irritant.
• Adulteration - the action of making something poorer in quality by the addition of another substance.
• This shop is known for its adulteration.

The correct answer is centrosome.

• Plant cells are the basic unit of life in organisms of the kingdom Plantae. They have a true nucleus along with specialized structures called organelles that carry out certain specific functions.
• Centrosome 
• These are organelles that serve as the main microtubule-organizing centers for animal cells.
• It helps in cell division and stimulates the changes in the shape of the cell membrane by phagocytosis.
• They also maintain the chromosome number during cell division.
• Plant cells lack centrosomes. Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and other specialized plastids, and a large central vacuole.

Important Points

• Plant cell walls are primarily made of cellulose. Cellulose fibers are long, linear polymers of hundreds of glucose molecules.

Additional Information

• Vacuoles 
• These are found in both animal and plant cells.
• They might store food or any variety of nutrients a cell might need to survive.
• They store waste products so the rest of the cell is protected from contamination.
• Plastids
• These are double-membrane organelle.
• These are responsible for the manufacturing and storing of food.
• There are different types of plastids with specialized functions. For example-Chloroplasts, Chromoplasts, Gerontoplasts, Leucoplasts, etc.
• It is not present in animal cell.

सही उत्तर है - ‘रूपक’।

Key Points

• ‘बीती विभावरी जाग री। अम्बर-पनघट में डुबो रही तारा-घट ऊषा नागर���।’ इसमें रूपक​ अलंकार है।
• यहाँ, ऊषा में नागरी का, अम्बर में पनघट का और तारा में घट का निषेध-रहित आरोप हुआ है।
• अतः यहाँ रूपक अलंकार है।

Additional Information 

• रूपक​ अलंकार: जब उपमान और उपमेय में अभिन्नता या अभेद दिखाया जाए तब यह रूपक अलंकार कहलाता है।
• जैसे: 

“मैया मैं तो चन्द्र-खिलौना लैहों”

• ऊपर दिए गए उदाहरण में चन्द्रमा एवं खिलोने में समानता न दिखाकर चाँद को ही खिलौना बोल दिया गया है। अतः यह रूपक अलंकार होगा।

The correct answer is 'A nap was being taken by Suman'.

Key Points

• The given sentence is in the Active Voice. As per the given question we have to change the sentence into Passive Form.
• The given sentence is an example of 'past continuous'.
• The structure of these kinds of sentences is:
• Subject + was/were + V1+ing + Object. (Active Voice)
• Subject (Objective Case) + was/were+ being + V3 + by + Object (subjective case). (Passive Voice)
• Example:
• He was riding a bike.
• A bike was being ridden by him.
• Here, in the given sentence 'was taking' will be changed into 'was being taken'.
• 'Suman' will be changed into the subject.
• 'A nap' will be changed into the object.
• The preposition 'by' will be added. 

​Correct Sentence: A nap was being taken by Suman.

The correct answer is Part 8.

• The Union government directly governs the union territories.
• Part 8 of the constitution deals with the administration of union territories.
• Lieutenant governor or administrator is appointed by President for the administration of union territories.

Key Points

• The President is elected by the ruling party at the central and state level.
• The central government will is followed by union territories.
• In the original version of the constitution, there was no concept of union territories.
• The concept of union territories was added by the 7^th constitutional amendment act 1956.
• In governing union territories, there exist differences depending upon whether there is a legislative assembly or not in that union territory.
• The smaller union territories are directly governed by the central government.

The correct answer is Pivotal joint: Neck–head.

Key Points

• Pivotal Joint-
• They are freely movable joints that only allow rotation on a single axis.
• They are also known as rotary or trochoid joints.
• It is a type of synovial joint in which the ends of two bones are connected together.
• There are only three pivot joints present in the human body, they are present in the neck, wrist, and elbow.
• The rotation of the skull is conceivable in light of pivot joints. The bending development of the bones of the lower arm, against the upper arm, is because of pivot joints.
• Without pivot joints, the skeleton of the human body would lack flexibility and movement freedom, making the development of the skeleton very stiff and rigid.

Additional Information

• Hinge Joint -
• Movement of bones is possible only in one direction. This joint can be moved at a 180 degree angle.
• Example - Knee joint and Elbow joint.
• Ball and socket type Joint -
• Movement of bones is possible in two or more directions and can be moved in 360 degree angle.
• Example - Shoulder joint and Hip joint.
• Gliding Joint -
• Movement is done by bones gliding over each other so limited movement occurs.
• Example – Wrist joint and Ankle joint.

​

The correct answer is Mycology.

Key Points

• Mycology is a branch of biology that studies fungi.
• Fungi are unicellular or multicellular thick-cell-walled heterotroph decomposers that eat decaying matter and form tangles of fibers.
• They use complex organic compounds as a source of energy and carbon, not photosynthesis.
• They are found in almost any habitat, but live mostly on land, primarily on soil or plant material rather than in sea or freshwater.
• A small number of fungi cause diseases in animals.
• In humans, fungal diseases include skin diseases such as athlete's foot, ringworm, and thrush.

Additional Information

• Morphology is the branch of biology that deals with the form of living organisms, and with relationships between their structures.
• Kalology is the branch of philosophy dealing with taste and the study of beauty in nature and art.
• Virology is the scientific discipline concerned with the study of the biology of viruses and viral diseases.

The correct answer is Padma Vibhushan.

Key Points

• Padma Vibhushan is the second-highest civilian honor in India.
• The award is given for exceptional and distinguished service without discrimination of distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex.
• Padma Awards, which were instituted in the year 1954 and is announced every year on the occasion of Republic Day.
• Bharat Ratna is the highest civilian award in the country.

Additional Information

• Padma Bhushan for distinguished service of a high order.
• Padma Shri for distinguished service.
• Param Vir Chakra is the highest gallantry award.
• Ashoka Chakra is the highest peacetime award.

The correct answer is Price Discovery and Transparency.

Key Points

• The e-Mandi digital marketplace in Madhya Pradesh was implemented to enhance price discovery and ensure transparency in agricultural transactions.
• This platform connects farmers directly with buyers, reducing the role of intermediaries and enabling farmers to sell their produce at fair prices.
• The system leverages technology to create an open marketplace where the prices of commodities are determined based on real-time demand and supply dynamics.
• The initiative aims to empower farmers by providing them access to market insights and enabling informed decisions regarding the sale of their produce.
• Madhya Pradesh has taken the lead in implementing this digital marketplace, setting an example for other states to modernize their agricultural trade systems.

Additional Information

• Price Discovery:
• Price discovery refers to the process through which buyers and sellers determine the price of a commodity based on market conditions.
• It ensures fair value for agricultural produce and reduces the chances of exploitation of farmers by intermediaries.
• This mechanism is crucial in addressing the challenges of price volatility and ensuring stable incomes for farmers.
• Transparency in Trade:
• Transparency reduces information asymmetry between farmers and buyers, enabling equitable trade.
• It builds trust in the marketplace and enhances the efficiency of agricultural transactions.
• e-Mandi platforms use digital tools to ensure that all stakeholders have access to real-time information regarding prices and demand.
• Seeds Distribution:
• The distribution of seeds is a separate aspect of agricultural support provided by various schemes such as the National Mission on Seeds.
• While it is essential for improving crop yield, it does not directly address price discovery or transparency in trade.
• Fertilizer Subsidy:
• Fertilizer subsidies help farmers reduce input costs and improve soil health, but they do not contribute to market price transparency or discovery.
• Government schemes like Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) for fertilizers focus on subsidies rather than market dynamics.
• Weather Forecasting:
• Weather forecasting tools assist farmers in planning their sowing and harvesting schedules, minimizing losses due to adverse weather conditions.
• However, weather forecasting is not directly linked to improving price discovery or market transparency.

Important Points

• e-Mandi Success Stories: Madhya Pradesh's e-Mandi has reportedly increased farmers' earnings by up to 30% due to better price realization.
• Technology Integration: The platform uses Artificial Intelligence and Big Data analytics to analyze market trends and provide predictions for future price movements.
• Digital Literacy: Training programs are conducted to educate farmers about using digital platforms effectively, bridging the digital divide.