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The correct answer is Ascorbic acid.

Key Points

• Ascorbic acid is another name for Vitamin C.
• Vitamin C is essential for the growth, development, and repair of all body tissues.
• It is involved in many body functions, including the formation of collagen, absorption of iron, the immune system, wound healing, and the maintenance of cartilage, bones, and teeth.
• Vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant that can strengthen your body’s natural defenses.

Additional Information

• Pyridoxine
• Pyridoxine is a form of Vitamin B6, which is important for normal brain development and for keeping the nervous system and immune system healthy.
• It is used to treat or prevent vitamin B6 deficiency.
• Pyridoxal
• Pyridoxal is one of the three natural forms of vitamin B6, along with Pyridoxamine and Pyridoxine.
• It plays a crucial role in the metabolism of amino acids and is involved in the biosynthesis of neurotransmitters.
• Pyridoxamine
• Pyridoxamine is another form of Vitamin B6.
• It is involved in various metabolic processes, including the conversion of stored carbohydrates to glucose.
• Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid)
• Vitamin C, also known as Ascorbic acid, is an essential nutrient for humans.
• It acts as an antioxidant, helping to protect cells from the damage caused by free radicals.
• Vitamin C also helps the body make collagen, an important protein for skin, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, and blood vessels.
• It improves the absorption of iron from plant-based foods and helps the immune system work properly to protect the body from disease.

The correct answer is Opposite to the sun.

Key Points

• A rainbow is always generated in the opposite direction of the Sun, so that sunlight striking water droplets (which act as prisms) can be easily refracted and dispersed, resulting in a rainbow.
• A rainbow is a meteorological phenomenon that occurs when light is reflected, refracted, and dispersed in water droplets, resulting in a spectrum of light seen in the sky.
• It's shaped like a multicolored circular arc. Sunlight-induced rainbows always appear in the sky area directly opposite the Sun.
• Rainbows can take the form of entire circles. The viewer, on the other hand, usually only sees an arc created by lighted droplets above the ground, centered on a line from the sun to the observer's eye.
• The arc of a primary rainbow is red on the outside and violet on the inside.
• Light is refracted when it enters a droplet of water, reflected internally on the rear of the droplet, then refracted again as it leaves it, resulting in this rainbow.
• A second arc appears outside the primary arc in a double rainbow, with the sequence of the colors reversed, with red on the inner side of the arc. The light is reflected twice on the inside of the droplet before leaving it, which causes this.

Key Points Reflection

• Reflection is the change in direction of a wavefront at an interface between two different media so that the wavefront returns to the medium from which it originated. Common examples include the reflection of light, sound, and water waves.

 Refraction

• Refraction is the phenomenon of bending of light as it goes obliquely from one medium to another. It is caused by the change in the speed of light as it goes from one medium to another.

The correct answer is 7.35 - 7.45.

• The pH value of human blood is 7.35 - 7.45.
• If the pH value is less than 7.35, is called acidosis.
• If the pH value is more than 7.45 is called alkalosis.
• The blood pH value is maintained by the lungs and kidney.

Concept:

Magnetic field lines: The imaginary lines which represent the direction of the magnetic field are called magnetic field lines.

The characteristics of the magnetic lines of force are as follows:

1. They are closed curves. Outside the magnet, they are from north to south pole whereas, inside the magnet, it is the other way round.
2. If the lines of force are crowded at a place, the field is strong.
3. If the lines of force are parallel and equidistant, the concerned magnetic field will be uniform in nature.
4. Two magnetic lines of force will near intersect each other.
5. The tangent at any point on the field lines gives the direction of the magnetic field vector at that point.
6. Magnetic monopoles do not exist.

Magnetic Susceptibility: The measurement of how much a magnetic material will get magnetized in a magnetic field is called susceptibility. It is denoted by χ.

Ferromagnetic materials: The material which exhibits strong magnetism in a magnetic field in the direction of the magnetic field is called a ferromagnetic substance.

χ ≫ 1 for ferromagnetic substance.

Permeability (μ0): The measurement of the ability of any material which allows the formation of magnetic lines of force is called permeability.

It is a scalar quantity.

​Explanation:

1. Magnetic field lines form closed loops. So statement 1 is wrong.
2. Magnetic monopoles do not exist. So statement 2 is correct.
3. Ferromagnetic materials have large magnetic susceptibility (χ ≫ 1). So statement 3 is correct.
4. The permeability of free space is a scalar quantity. So statement 4 is correct.

The correct answer is 4 i.e 2Mg + O2 → 2MgO

Explanation:

• According to the law of conservation of mass, when a chemical reaction occurs, the mass of the products should be equal to the mass of the reactants.
• A balanced chemical equation occurs when the number of the atoms involved in the reactants side is equal to the number of atoms in the products side.

Steps to Balance an Equation-.

• In general, to balance an equation, here are the things we need to do-
• Count the atoms of every element in the reactants and the products.
• Use coefficients; place them in front of the compounds as needed.
• The steps are simple, but it is a process of trial and error.
• Let's take a look at a few more example equations and techniques that can be used to balance each one.
• An equation representing a chemical reaction- Example In this chemical reaction, nitrogen (N₂) reacts with hydrogen (H) to produce ammonia (NH₃).
• The reactants are nitrogen and hydrogen, and the product is ammonia. If we look at this equation, we can see that the equation is not balanced.
• N2 + H2 → NH3
• The equation is not balanced because, in the reactants side, there are 2 nitrogen (N) atoms and 2 hydrogen (H) atoms.
• In the products side, there are 1 nitrogen (N) atoms and 3 hydrogen (H) atoms. The number of atoms is not balanced on both sides.
• To balance the chemical equation above, we need to make use of coefficients.
• A coefficient is a number that we place in front of a chemical formula.
• In the chemical equation, to make the number of nitrogen (N) atoms equal on both sides, first, we place a coefficient of 2 in front of NH₃.

N2 + H2 → 2NH3

• Once we do that, the number of nitrogen (N) atoms on both sides are balanced.
• However, the number of hydrogen (H) atoms is not balanced on both sides.
• We need to make use of another coefficient in front of H₂. This time, we put a coefficient of 3 in front of H₂ to balance the chemical equation.

N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3 [Balance equation]

• The equation above is now balanced. There are 2 nitrogen (N) atoms and 6 hydrogen (H) atoms on both the reactants and products side.
• Since there is no coefficient in front of N₂, that means the coefficient equal to 1.

Explanation:

• The correct answer is Option(2).i.e.Neutralization​ reaction.
• Types of Chemical Reactions-The The basis for different types of reactions is the product formed, the changes that occur, the reactants involved, and so on. Different types of reactions are
• Combustion reaction
• Decomposition reaction
• Neutralization reaction
• Precipitation or Double-Displacement Reaction
• Combustion Reaction-
• It is a reaction with a combustible material with an oxidizer to give an oxidized product.
• An oxidizer is a chemical a fuel requires to burn, generally oxygen.
• For an example of the combustion of magnesium metal.2Mg + O2→2MgO + Heat Here, 2 magnesium atoms react with a molecule of oxygen-producing 2 molecules of the compound magnesium oxide-releasing some heat in the process.
• Decomposition Reaction-
• It is a reaction in which a single component breaks down into multiple products.
• Certain changes in energy in the environment have to be made like heat, light, or electricity breaking bonds of the compound. for example of the decomposition of calcium carbonate giving out CaO (Quick Lime) which is a major component of cement. CaCO3(s)→CaO(s)+CO2(g) Here, the compound Calcium carbonate when heated breaks down into Calcium Oxide and Carbon Dioxide.
• Neutralization Reaction-
• It is basically the reaction between an acid and a base giving salt and water as the products.
• The water molecule formed is by the combination of OH- ions and H+ ions. The overall pH of the products when a strong acid and a strong base undergo a neutralization reaction will be 7.
• Consider the example of the neutralization reaction between Hydrochloric acid and Sodium Hydroxide giving out sodium chloride(Common Salt) and water. HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O Here, an acid and a base, Hydrochloric acid and Sodium Hydroxide react in a neutralization reaction to produce Sodium Chloride(Common Salt) and Water as the by-products.

The correct answer is Diabetes Mellitus.

Important Points

• Insulin is a type of Peptide hormone.
• It is produced by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets.
• The hormone is recognized as the main anabolic hormone of the body.
• It is responsible to regulate the metabolism of **carbohydrates, fats, and protein.**​

​

Key Points

• Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that causes high blood sugar.
• The insulin moves sugar from the blood cells into the other cells and used it as a form of energy.
• Diabetic patient doesn't make enough insulin or can't effectively use the insulin it does make.
• Some of the important types of diabetes include -

1. Autoimmune diabetes
2. Prediabetes
3. Gestational diabetes

Additional Information 

Diabetes insipidus (DI) and Diabetes mellitus (DM) are conditions characterized by abnormal regulation of fluids and sugars in the body, but they have different causes, symptoms, and treatments.

• Diabetes Insipidus (DI) is caused by deficiency of ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone).
• DI is primarily caused by a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin. ADH is responsible for regulating the balance of water in the body.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is caused by Insufficient Insulin or Insulin Ineffectiveness: DM is characterized by insufficient insulin production (Type 1 DM) or ineffective use of insulin by the body's cells (Type 2 DM).

• Type 1 Diabetes: Results from the immune system destroying insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.
• Type 2 Diabetes: Develops when the body's cells become resistant to insulin or when the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin.

Key Differences:-

a)Hormonal Involvement:-

• DI: Involves a deficiency of ADH.
• DM: Involves insufficient insulin or insulin ineffectiveness.

b)Urine Characteristics:-

• DI: Results in dilute urine.
• DM: Causes the presence of glucose in the urine.

The correct answer is Raisen.

Key Points

• Sachi Stupa.
• Stupa at Sanchi is a world heritage site.
• It was built by Ashoka in the 3^rd century BCE.
• It is the most prominent and the oldest and is believed to have Buddha’s relics.
• Along with other relatively small stupas, there are three main stupas at Sanchi.
• The Great Stupa and Sanchi’s other Buddhist monuments were collectively designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1989.

Additional Information

• Raisen.
• Raisen District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state of India.
• Bhopal State of independent India came into being, and Raisen was declared a separate district on 5 May 1950.
• Raisen District has many tourist places like Sanchi:- World heritage, 46 km from Bhopal and 32 km from Vidisha, Bhojpur.
• The Bhojpur temple houses one of the largest Shiva lingams in India.
• Jabalpur.
• Jabalpur district is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India.
• Jabalpur district is located in the Mahakoshal region of Madhya Pradesh.
• famous for its Marble Rocks and scenic charms.
• ​Purnia.
• Purnia District is one of the thirty-eight districts of the Indian state of Bihar.​
• Purnia is part of the Mithila region,Mithila first gained prominence after it was settled by Indo-Aryan peoples.

The correct answer is the Finance Commission.

Key Points

• According to Article 280, the Finance Commission is established for a period of 5 years.
• The Finance Commission is a 'constitutional body' constituted by the President of India which gives its suggestion to the President on the states' share in the taxes of the Center
• Finance Commission is constituted by the President for a period of 5 years.
• The President of India establishes the Finance Commission every five years or earlier.

Additional Information

• The 14^th Finance Commission was headed by Y. V. Reddy.
• The 15^th Finance Commission is headed by Nand Kishore Singh.
• The Finance Commission of India was established in 1951.
• The first chairman of the Finance Commission was K. C. Neogy.

In the year 1747 A.D., Malhar Rao Holkar established the Holkar Dynasty.

Important Points

• Maratha kings of Indore in India were the Holkar dynasty. Malhar Rao Holkar achieved success despite coming from humble beginnings.
• He was given command of 500 horses by Baji Rao I, the Peshwa (prime minister) of the Maratha kingdom, in 1724.
• He quickly rose to the position of chief general in Malwa, with headquarters at Maheshwar and Indore.
• At the time of his passing (1766), he effectively ruled Malwa. Ahalya Bai, his son's widow, managed the country expertly and intelligently from 1767 to 1794.
• Among violent surroundings, Indore was an island of prosperity and calm, and her leadership became an example of fairness and wisdom.
• She was succeeded by Tukoji Holkar, a distant relative she had chosen to lead her army, two years later.