Search Previous Year Questions

The Correct answer is Luther Gulick and Lyndall Urwick

Key Points 

• POSDCORB
• ​It is the listing of functions of management coined by Luther Gulick and Lyndall Urwick in 1937.
• P stands for Planning: It requires wide knowledge and experience to make a blueprint of the work to be performed.
• O stands for organizing; It involves choosing the design, suggesting the structure, space planning, and allocation of the jobs. It also includes determining the specific activities, grouping the activities into a logical framework, assigning these activities to specific positions, and coordinating the efforts of individuals and groups.
• S stands for Staffing: This function is also known as ‘Human Resource Management’ or ‘Personnel Management. The role of staff or workers is very significant in all types of organizations. In the case of libraries, perhaps it is the most important.
• D stands for Directing: Giving directions or instructions or advice to the staff to perform the work accurately, efficiently, and appropriately is known as the managerial function, ‘Directing’.
• C stands for Coordinating; It means inter-relating or co-relating various parts of the organization in order to achieve harmonious operation and avoid over-lapping or duplication of work or efforts.
• R stands for Reporting Keeping all the staff members, sections, supervisors, and parent bodies informed of the work completed, work in progress, and work to be done.
• B stands for Budgeting Rough estimate of income and expenditure of an organization for a given period is called a budget.

Additional Information 

• Henry Fayol, Father of the Classical School of Management, has given the following managerial function
• Planning
• Organizing
• Command
• Coordination and control
• Newman and Summer have suggested the following functions of management

i. Planning

ii. Organizing

iii. Leading

iv. Measuring and controlling

• Stuart and Moran have formulated the following five functions of management

i. Planning

ii. Organizing

iii. Human Resource

iv. Leading

v. Controlling

• F. W. Taylor.
• ​Taylor is often considered the father of scientific management, also known as Taylorism.
• Taylor gave much concentration on the supervisory level of management and the performance of managers and workers at an operational level.
• The five principles of management by F.W Taylor.
• Science, not the Rule of Thumb,
• Harmony, Not Discord,
• Mental Revolution,
• Cooperation, not Individualism,
• Development of Every Person to His Greatest Efficiency.

The correct answer is Francis Drury.

Key Points

• Francis Drury: Book Selection (1930): Drury's book selection principles state ‘to provide the right book to the right user at the right time.
• According to his theory, READER is the central theme.

Additional Information 

• L. R. McColvin: Theory of Book Selection (1925): McColvin introduced the Demand and Supply Theory of Book Selection in his book ‘Theory of Book Selection for Public Libraries’ first published in 1925.
• By the term ‘Supply’ he means the availability of reading material in all its varieties, whereas ‘Demand’, refers to the users’ expressed and unexpressed informational needs.
• Melvil Dewey's principle states, ‘the best reading for the largest number at the least cost’.
• According to this principle, a library should select, within the financial resources available, the best documents which may satisfy the information needs of the maximum number of readers.
• Helen E. Haines: Living with Books (1935): The first edition of ‘Living with Books: The Art of Book Selection’ was published in 1935. It was one of the first true textbooks aimed at training librarians in the art of book selection. The 2^nd edition came out in 1950.
• S. R. Ranganathan: Library book selection (1952, reprint 1990): The first edition of ‘Library Book Selection’ by Dr. S. R. Ranganathan appeared in 1952. The book describes how the first three laws of library science are helpful in formulating the principles of document selection for libraries

The Correct answer is the Proportional method:

Key Points

• Proportional Method:
• ​This method presupposes that the authorities provide adequate finances to the library out of their regular budget and that a particular minimum limit is fixed.
• The University Education Commission had recommended that 6.5 percent of a university's budget would be a reasonable expenditure on its

library (could vary from 6.5 to 10 percent).

• Ranganathan suggested that either 10 percent of the total budget or 6 percent should be earmarked for public library purposes.

Additional Information

• Method of details:
• ​According to this method, all items of expenditure of a library are accounted for while

preparing the financial estimates.

• These are of two types, viz., i) recurring or current expenditure and ii) non-recurring or capital expenditure.
• Ranganathan suggested the circulation of

recurring/ current expenditure and nonrecurring/capital expenditure.

• The UGC Library Committee in its report suggested a staff formula for finding out

the quantum of library staff members of various categories required for college and

university libraries.

• Per Capita Method:
• ​In this method, a minimum amount per head is fixed which is considered essential for providing standard library services.
• The UGC Library Committee recommended that a university should provide Rs. 15 per student and Rs. 200 per teacher for acquiring reading material for its library.
• The Kothari Education Commission (1964-66),

recommended that as a norm, a university should spend each year about Rs. 25 for each student and Rs. 300 per teacher.

• Ranganathan suggested that per capita expenditure on university and college libraries should be Rs. 20 per student and Rs. 300 per teacher, or Rs. 50 per student.

The Correct answer is An existing debt:

Key Points

• Liability is something a person or company owes, usually a sum of money.
• It is an existing debt of a company or an institution.

Additional Information

• Budget:
• ​A budget is a spending plan based on income and expenses. In other words, it’s an estimate of how much money you’ll make and spend over a certain period of time.
• Budgetary Methods and Techniques:
• Line Item or Incremental or Historical or Object-of-Expenditure Type Budgeting
• Formula Budgeting
• Programme Budgeting
• Performance Budgeting
• Planning Programming Budgeting System (PPBS)
• Zero-Based Budgeting (ZBB)

The correct answer is Review the activities for the future year 

Key Points

• Reviews the activities for the future year is called forecasting which is not typically a feature of the Annual report.
• An annual report is a comprehensive official document that companies, organizations, or institutions publish once a year to provide shareholders, stakeholders, and the public with information about their financial performance, business operations, and overall outlook.
• It serves as a summary of the company's activities and achievements over the course of the previous year.
• Typically, an annual report includes various sections that cover different aspects of the organization, including:
• Financial Statements.
• Management's Discussion and Analysis (MD&A
• Business Overview
• Corporate Governance etc.

The correct answer is Strength and Weakness.

Key Points SWOT analysis:

• SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis is a framework used to evaluate a company's competitive position and to develop strategic planning.
• SWOT analysis assesses internal and external factors and current and future potential.
• Strengths and weaknesses are usually considered internal, while opportunities and threats are usually considered external

​

• A SWOT analysis is designed to facilitate a realistic, fact-based, data-driven look at the strengths and weaknesses of an organization, initiatives, or within its industry.
• The organization needs to keep the analysis accurate by avoiding preconceived beliefs or gray areas and instead focusing on real-life contexts. Companies should use it as a guide and not necessarily as a prescription.

The Correct answer is Complexion:

Key Points

• Among the options provided, "Complexion" cannot be a common performance standard for the evaluation of library personnel. The reason is that "complexion" refers to the color or appearance of a person's skin, which is not relevant or appropriate for evaluating job performance in any professional setting, including libraries.
• The Qualities and standards for library professionals are;
• A love of knowledge and learning
• A desire to work around people
• Love of books
• Broad overall knowledge of life and the world
• Problem solving
• Good with numbers
• Good communication skills
• Ethical
• Personable
• Accountability
• IT skills.

The correct answer is the 80/20 rule.

Key Points

• The Pareto principle is also known as the 80/20 rule.
• it is the law of the vital few, or the principle of factor sparsity, and states that, for many events, roughly 80% of the effects come from 20% of the causes.
• Management consultant Joseph M. Juran suggested the principle and named it after Italian economist Vilfredo Pareto, who noted the 80/20 connection while at the University of Lausanne in 1896, as published in his first paper, "Cours d'économie politique".
• Essentially, Pareto showed that approximately 80% of the land in Italy was owned by 20% of the population; Pareto developed the principle by observing that about 20% of the peapods in his garden contained 80% of the peas.
• In computer science, the Pareto principle can be applied to **optimization efforts.**​

Confusion Points

• The term "10/90 gap" was coined by the Global Forum for Health Research. It underscores the 1990 discovery by the Commission on Health Research for Development that less than 10% of global health research funding was allocated to Developing Countries. These regions accounted for more than 90% of preventable global deaths.
• In Internet culture, the 1% rule is a general rule of thumb pertaining to participation in an Internet community, stating that only 1% of the users of a website actively create new content, while the other 99% of the participants only lurk.

The correct answer is the Total number of books in a library.

Key Points

• A library accession register is a log or record of all the items (books, journals, audio-visual materials, etc.) that a library has acquired or added to its collection over time.
• The register typically includes information about the title, author, publisher, date of publication, and other relevant details of each item.
• Each book is assigned a single accession number and accession entry of the resources and Services

book is made only against this assigned number.

• The standard size of the Accession Register is 16"x 13'.
• There are 14 columns in an Accession Register.

Additional Information

• Total periodicals issued, Addresses of the users, and Total number of library staff can be found at the circulation table and Library database.

The Correct answer is Nina E. Browne.

Key Points

• The Browne Charging System:
• The Browne Charging System was devised by Nina E. Browne in 1895 formerly Librarian of the Library Bureau in Boston.
• Every book which is issued has a Book Pocket of 5”x3” or 12.7cms x 7.6 cms size.
• Every book has a Book Card of 4”x2” or 10.25cms x5 cms size bearing the call number; accession number, author, and title of the book
• Every book has a Date Slip on which the date due or date of issue is stamped. It is a printed slip of 5”x3” or 12.5cms x7.5 cms size
• Borrower’s Tickets are made of Manila or Tough paper and are of size 3”x2”
• It is the fastest charging system.

Additional Information

• Newark Charging System:
• ​It was developed by John Cotton Dana. and first used in the Public library in Newark
• Registration files of all borrowers.
• Borrower‘s cards: The size of the card is 5x8.
• Date slips are pasted on the back or front flyleaf of the book. Its size is 5x3.
• Each book is provided with Book pockets giving the call number, author, and short title of the book. Its size is 5x3.