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The correct answer is Ethics;

Key Points

• The standards for professional behavior are commonly referred to as the "Code of Ethics" or "Code of Conduct." These codes outline the principles, values, and rules that guide the behavior and actions of professionals in a particular field or organization.
• The American Library Association, after prolonged debates and discussions, adopted a professional ethical code in 1938.
• In 1975 ALA adopted a new Statement on Professional Ethics which replaced the 1938 code.
• At the ALA membership meeting in 1981, the Code of Ethics was officially adopted.
• In 1990, the American Association for Information Science (ASIS) also, published a draft of the ASIS Code of Ethics for Information professionals in the August/September 1990 issue of the - Bulletin of the ASI.
• The subject of professional ethics has been dealt with in **A K Mukherjee's book, Librarianship - Its Philosophy and History (1966) and R L Mittal's, Library Administration (1964).**​

Additional Information

• **Plagiarism:**​
• Plagiarism is the act of using someone else's work, ideas, or intellectual property without proper acknowledgment or permission and presenting it as one's own.
• It is a form of academic or intellectual dishonesty and is considered unethical and unacceptable in both academic and professional settings.
• Attribute:
• An attribute refers to a characteristic or feature of a subject, object, or entity that is being studied or analyzed. Attributes can be quantitative or qualitative in nature and are used to describe, categorize, or measure different aspects of the research subject.
• Diligence:
• Diligence refers to the careful and persistent effort put forth by researchers throughout the entire research process.

The correct answer is Literacy Decade: Education for All 

Key Points

• During its fifty-sixth session, the General Assembly proclaimed the period 2003 to 2012 as the Literacy Decade: Education for All
• its objective is to achieve locally sustainable literate environments by extending literacy to the 860 million illiterate adults and the 113 million children out of school worldwide.
• The priority attention would be given to the most disadvantaged groups, especially women and girls, ethnic and linguistic minorities, indigenous populations, migrants and refugees, disabled persons, and out-of-school children and youth.

Additional Information Other important Decades:

The Correct answer is 1945.

Key Points

• UNESCO stands for United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization which is associated with the International organization United Nations.
• It is formed on 16 November 1945 in London, the United Kingdom, and its headquarter is in Paris, France.
• The main objective of UNESCO is to maintain harmony and peaceful relations among nations all over the world.
• It aims to promote collaboration among nations through Science, Educational, and Cultural mediums.
• It ensures that people can lead a dignified life and do not suffer from any kind of exploitation.
• It works with a view to providing fundamental rights and freedom to all people around the globe to make it a better place.
• It runs various initiatives and programs supporting human welfare, environment conservation, preserving cultural heritage, promoting education, and international peace.
• Education 2030 Framework for Action.
• The Convention for Protection for World Cultural and Natural Heritage(1972).
• World Water Assessment Program.​

Additional Information

Contribution of UNESCO in the Library Science Field:

• The Public Library Manifesto was adopted in 1994 by UNESCO.
• UNESCO’s School Library Manifesto was adopted in 1999.
• UNESCOs Records and Archives Management Programme - RAMP was established in 1979.
• UNESCO established the Memory of the World Programme in 1992.
• UNESCO created General Information Programme(PGI).
• The General Information Programme has been replaced by Information for All Programme (IFAP) since 2001.

The correct answer is the Theory of Knowledge.

Key Points

• Epistemology is concerned with the study of knowledge and the nature of knowledge itself.
• The term is derived from the Greek epistēmē (“knowledge”) and logos (“reason”), and accordingly, the field is sometimes referred to as the theory of knowledge.
• It is a branch of philosophy that deals with questions related to knowledge, belief, truth, and justification.
• Epistemology explores how knowledge is acquired, justified, and organized, and it examines the different sources and methods of acquiring knowledge.
• The word "epistemology" first appeared in 1847, in a review in New York's Eclectic Magazine.
• Epistemology can be broadly divided into two main schools of thought: Empiricism and Rationalism

Additional Information

• The study of information is known as "Information Science" or "Informatics."
• The study of the nature of reality is known as "Metaphysics."

The correct answer is Dissection.

 Key Points

• Dissection:
• One time splitting of a subject into an immediate array of its subordinate fragments of equal ranks is called dissection.
• Division of physics into its traditional branches such as properties of matter, heat, light, sound, and electricity is an example of dissection.
• The dissection process is horizontal and instantaneous in action.

Additional Information

• Loose Assemblage:
• ​A loose assemblage is the combination of two or more subjects or their parts in a sort of temporary, casual, or incidental ways involving any relation viz, influencing, comparison, biased, difference, tool, or any undefined one.
• Fusion:
• ​Fusion is an advanced stage of loose assemblage. When a loose assemblage solidifies into a permanent relation and the different constituents are irreversibly joined to form an entirely new subject with its own special isolates and literary warrant, it is called a fused subject or a subject born by the fusion.
• Super-imposition:
• It is the collection of different aspects and designs to create new object-oriented versions.

The correct answer is A subject without any isolate idea as a component:

Key Points

• Basic subjects:
• ​It is a subject without any isolate idea as a component.
• A Basic subject is a subject that is Enumerated in the schedules of Basic subjects and is evolved through the full cycle of the spiral of scientific methods as propounded by Dr. S R Ranganathan.
• Mathematics, Economics, and Law are the Examples.
• Compound Subjects:
• These subjects are composed of a basic class and one or more isolates.
• The enumerative classification systems such as the DDC or the Library of Congress mostly

enumerate compound subjects.

• A compound subject comprises of a basic subject and facets arranged in some systematic order.
• Eye Medicine, Human Diseases are Examples.
• Complex subjects:
• ​A complex subject is formed by a combination of two or more subjects-Basic or compound.
• A complex class is defined as a class comprising two (or more) phases taken from different main classes.

The correct answer is Dichotomy:

Key Points

• Porphyry Tree:
• The dichotomous method of classification was invented by the Greek philosopher Porphyry (232- 304AD).
• It divides the universe into two antithetical groups at every step of division.
• Immanuel Kent is related to Dichotomy

Additional Information

• ​Decachotomy:
• It is the division of one into Ten.
• This principle is followed by DDC.
• Melvil Dewey gave the idea of Decachotomy.
• Polychotomy:
• It means the division of one into many.
• This principle is used in Expensive classification and CC.
• C A cutter propounded polychotomy.
• Proliferation;
• ​Proliferation" refers to the excessive growth or expansion of categories or subdivisions within a classification system.I
• it occurs when a classification scheme becomes overly complex or includes an excessive number of classes or subclasses, making it difficult for users to navigate and find resources efficiently.

The correct answer is Minnie Earl Sears:

Key Points

• Sears List of Subject Headings (SLSH) was first designed in 1923 by Minnie Earl Sears and published as the first edition in 1923 the title List of Subject Headings for Small Libraries‘is based on the headings used by nine small libraries of the USA.
• Isabel Stevenson Monro edited the fourth (1939) and fifth (1944) editions with the inclusion of Dewey Decimal

Classification numbers. The sixth (1950), seventh (1954), and eighth (1959) editions were prepared by Bertha M. Frick.

• The title was changed to Sears List of Subject Headings with the sixth edition.
• In Sears List of Subject Headings, there are four types of subject headings: **topical headings, form headings, geographic headings, and proper names.**​
• The 23^rd edition is its latest edition**.**

Additional Information

• Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) is a list of the headings for subject cataloging and indexing established at the Library of Congress which has been publishing since 1898.
• The 5^th LCSH (1948) incorporated the ―refer from‖ references in the main list.
• There are four categories of subdivisions in the context of LCSH: Topical, Form,  Chronological, and Geographical.
• The 34^th edition of LCSH in 6 volumes published in 2012 is indispensable
• The latest edition of LCSH is its 44^th edition published in 2022

The correct answer is Five Catalogue codes:

Key Points

• Heading and Canons is a comparative study of five catalog codes.
• This book was written by S R Ranganathan in 1955

Additional Information

• Some important Books by S R Ranganathan
• The Five Laws of Library Science 1931
• Colon Classification (1 ” ed.) 1933
• Classified Cataloguing Code 1934
• Library Administration (first published 1935
• Prolegomena to Library Classification 1937
• Theory of the Library Catalogue 1938
• Colon Classification (2^nd ed.) 1939
• Elements of Library Classification 1945
• Suggestion for the organization of the Libraries in India 1946
• Classification and International Documentation 1948
• Colon Classification (3^rd ed.) 1950
• Classification and Communication 1951
• Philosophy of Library Classification 1951
• Library Manual 1951
• Library Book Selection 1952
• Colon Classification (4h ed.) 1952
• Headings and Canons 1955
• Prolegomena to Library Classification (2^nd ed.) 1957
• Colon Classification  (5^th ed.) 1957
• Colon Classification (6^th ed.) 1960
• Reference Service 1961
• Documentation and its Facets 1963
• Library Book Selection (2^nd ed.) 1966
• Prolegomena to Library Classification (3^rd ed.) 1967
• Ramanujan: The man and the mathematician 1967

Documentation: Genesis and Development 1973

• A Librarian Looks Back: An Autobiography of Dr. S. R. Rangnathan (Editor: P. N. Kaula) 1992

The correct answer is (A) - (iv), B - (iii), C - (ii), D - (i)

Key Points

• British Museum Code (1841):
• ​The earliest code of cataloging which has exerted considerable influence over the subsequent codes is Panizzi‟s 91 rules printed as prefatory matter in the British Museum Catalogue of 1841.
• Sir Anthony Panizzi (1797-1879) with his

two associates- J Winter Jones and Edward Edwards formulated the first version of the famous 91 rules in 1837, was accepted in 1839, and was published in 1841.

• The latest 1936 edition contains only 41 rules.
• Cutter’s Rules (1876):
• ​In 1876 Charles Ammi Cutter‟s Rules for a Dictionary Catalogue (RDC) containing 205 rules was published.
• The latest 4^th edition was published in 1904 from

Washington. This edition contains 369 rules.

• Henry A. Sharp has evaluated this code as „the first code of complete cataloging practice for every kind of entry in a dictionary catalog‟.
• AACR-1 (1967):
• ​It was prepared by the ALA, The Library of Congress, The Library Association (London) & The Canadian Library Association.
• . It was edited by Seymour Lubetzky from 1956-62, and Mr. C Sumner Spalding completed the work in 1962-65.
• AACR-1 is based on the „Statement of Principles‟ adopted by the ICCP in 1961 with certain significant departures.
• AACR-2 (1978):
• ​It is prepared by ALA, The British Library, the Canadian Committee on Cataloguing, The Library Association, and the Library of Congress
• It is edited by **Michael Gorman and Paul W. Winkler. **​

Additional InformationOther Cataloguing codes;

• Charles C. Jewett Code (1852)
• The Prussian Instructions (1899)
• Dziatizka Code (1886)
• Anglo-American Code (1908)
• Vatican Code (1931)
• ALA Rules (1949)
• Classified Catalogue Code, Ed 5 (1964)
• AACR-2R (1988)
• RDA (2010)