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The correct answer is Article 72, Part V.

Key Points

• Article 72, Part V of the Indian Constitution empowers the President to grant pardons, reprieves, respites, or remissions of punishment or to suspend, remit or commute the sentence of any person convicted of any offence.
• Article 72 provides:
• (1) The President shall have the power to grant pardons, reprieves, respites, or remissions of punishment or to suspend, remit or commute the sentence of any person convicted of any offence—
• in all cases where the punishment or sentence is by a Court Martial;
• in all cases where the punishment or sentence is for an offence against any law relating to a matter to which the executive power of the Union extends;
• in all cases where the sentence is a sentence of death.
• Thus, Article 72 empowers the President to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases.
• As per the Constitutional framework in India, a mercy petition to the President is the last constitutional resort a convict can take when he is sentenced by the court of law.
• A convict can present a mercy petition to the President of India under Article 72 of the Constitution of India.
• ​Pardoning powers of the President come under Article 72 of the constitution.
• Pardon: To free the criminal from all Punishments.
• Commutation: To substitute one form of punishment with another without changing the sentence i.e reduction of a judicial sentence, especially a sentence of death to another less severe
• Respite: Change the nature of punishment due to some special condition i.e awarding lesser punishment due to pregnancy of women offenders.
• Reprieve: Temporarily deferred punishment.
• Remission: Reducing the period of a sentence without changing its character.

The correct answer is Structural unemployment.

Key Points

• Frictional unemployment:
• It is a type of unemployment that occurs as a result of workers switching from one job to another in searching for new jobs.
• Frictional unemployment is considered search unemployment.
• Structural unemployment:
• It is a type of unemployment that arises from the mismatch between the jobs available in the market and the available worker's skills in the market.
• This type of unemployment is caused by changes in the economy, such as deindustrialization, which leaves some unemployed workers unable to find work in new industries with different skill requirements.
• Cyclical unemployment:
• It is a type of unemployment that occurs as a result of the business cycle, where unemployment rises during recessions and declines with economic growth.
• Open unemployment is the situation when a person is willing to work, is educated but is unable to get a job and work.

The correct answer is K.C. Wheare.

Key Points

• According to KC Wheare, in practice, the Constitution of India is quasi-federal in nature and not strictly federal.
• Dr Ambedkar has said that “Our Constitution would be both unitary as well as federal according to the requirements of time and circumstances”.
• Ivor Jennings declared that India's Constitution was “far too large and therefore far too rigid”, too caged by its history, and too unwieldy to be moulded into something useful through judicious interpretations.
• Morris Jones described Indian federalism as “bargaining federalism”.

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• Quasi-federalism means an intermediate form of state between a unitary state and a federation.
• It combines the features of a federal government and the features of a unitary government.
• India is regarded as a semi-federal state or a quasi-federal state as described by Prof. K.C. Wheare.
• The Supreme Court of India also describes it as a federal structure with a strong bias towards the Centre.
• Quasi-federal nature of Indian Constitution:
• Article 1 of the Constitution of India states that ‘India that is Bharat shall be a union of states’.
• The Indian model of federalism is called the quasi-federal system as it contains major features of both a federation and union.

The correct answer is 5^th.

Key Points

• Global Climate Risk Index 2020:
• India was the fifth most climate-affected country in 2018, according to the Global Climate Risk Index 2020.
• India’s high rank is due to severe rainfalls, followed by heavy flooding and landslide that killed over 1000 people.
• The Global Climate Risk Index 2020 is published by International Environmental think tank Germanwatch.
• Japan, the Philippines, and Germany were found to be the most climate-affected countries in 2018 followed by Madagascar, India, and Sri Lanka.
• The Global Climate Risk Index 2020 analyses the extent to which countries and regions have been affected by weather-related events such as severe rainfall, storms, floods, and heatwaves.
• The 2020 Global Climate Risk Index is the 15^th edition of the Climate Risk Index.

The correct answer is Demographic Transition Model.

Key Points

• The Migration Transition Theory put forth by Zelinsky is based upon the Demographic Transition Model.
• According to Zelinsky Migration Transition Theory, the type of migration that occurs within a country depends on how developed it is or what type of society it is.
• As per Zelinsky, the following are the five stages of migration:
• Stage 1: Premodern traditional society
• Stage 2: Early transitional society
• Stage 3: late transitional society
• Stage 4: Advanced society
• Stage 5: Future super-advanced society

The correct answer is Forms of Vishnu identified on the basis of attributes in his four hands.

• In the context of Hindu iconography, the term “Chaturvimsati Murti” refers to forms of Vishnu identified on the basis of attributes in his four hands.
• Vishnu can be identified by the attributes he holds in his four hands. 
• His two raised arms hold a mace or club and a discus.
• His lower hands hold a conch shell and seed; his lower right hand is in the gift-giving gesture (varada mudra).
• More lotuses are visible beneath his lower hands.

The correct answer is Sub - Lieutenant Shivangi Swaroop from Bihar.

Key Points

• Sub - Lieutenant Shivangi Swaroop:
• Sub-Lieutenant Shivangi became the first woman pilot of the Indian Navy on 2 December 2019.
• She joined operational duties at the naval base in Kerala’s Kochi.
• The sub-lieutenant, who was born in Bihar’s Muzaffarpur, currently flying the Dornier surveillance aircraft of the Indian Navy.

The correct answer is Total domestic and foreign output claimed by residents of a country

• Gross National Product (GNP) measures the value of all final goods and services produced by the residents of a country, whether the production takes place within the country (domestic output) or outside the country (foreign output).
• So, the answer is "Total domestic and foreign output claimed by residents of a country".

Key Points

• GNP represents the total value of all final goods and services produced by the residents of a country in a given year.
• The goods and services that are produced by the foreigners living in the country are excluded from GNP.
• Gross National Product (GNP) is Gross Domestic Product (GDP) plus net factor income from abroad.
• GNP takes into account the investments made by the businesses and residents of the country, living both inside and outside the country. It also takes into account the value of the products produced by the industries of domestic origin.
• GNP does not take into consideration the incomes earned by the foreign nationals in the country or any products produced by a foreign company in the manufacturing units in the country.
• GDP is the final value of the goods and services produced within the geographic boundaries of a country during a given year.

The correct answer is The President.

Key Points

• Attorney General of India:
• R. Venkataramani is the incumbent Attorney-General for India
• The Attorney General (AG) of India is a part of the Union Executive.
• AG is the highest law officer in the country.
• He is appointed by the President under Article 76 of the Constitution.
• He has the right to speak and take part in all the proceedings of both the houses of parliament including joint sittings.
• He has no right to vote.
• Qualification to become an Attorney General of India:
• He/She must be a person who is qualified to be appointed a judge of the Supreme Court, i.e. he/she must be a citizen of India and must have been a judge of some high court for five years or an advocate of some high court for ten years or an eminent jurist, in the opinion of the President.
• Term of the Office: Not fixed by the Constitution.
• Removal: Procedures and grounds for the removal of AG are not stated in the Constitution. S/he holds office during the pleasure of the President (may be removed by the President at any time).

The correct answer is Emigration Act, 1983.

Key Points

• The Emigration Bill, 2019, will replace the existing Emigration Act, 1983:
• According to India's Ministry of External Affairs, the new bill seeks to ensure the safety and welfare of Indians in Gulf countries and will replace the current laws under the Emigration Act of 1983.
• The Emigration Bill 2019 proposes to constitute an Emigration Management Authority (EMA) by the Centre to ensure the overall welfare and protection of emigrants.
• The draft bill proposes a three-tier institutional framework, with the MEA as the nodal ministry.
• At the top, a central Emigration Management Authority (EMA) has been proposed for policy guidance and supervision.
• In the middle, a Bureau of Emigration Policy and Planning, and a Bureau of Emigration Administration shall handle day-to-day operational matters and oversee the welfare of emigrants.
• At the bottom, nodal authorities in states and union territories shall coordinate aspects of management related to both emigrants and returnees.
• The Bill makes mandatory registration/intimation of all categories of Indian nationals proceeding for overseas employment as well as students pursuing higher studies abroad.