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Given that seven persons A, B, C, D, E, F and G are standing in a straight line.

1) D is to the right of G.

2) E is between F and D.

3) There are three persons between G and B.

4) C is between A and B.

Hence,  G is on the extreme Left.

The correct answer is Agaricus.

Key Points

• Agaricus, a type of fungus commonly known as mushrooms, is the only option that isn't a non-flowering plant.
• Agaricus is a genus of mushrooms and belongs to the group of fungi, not plants.
• Pinus (a type of coniferous tree), Algae, and Spirogyra (a type of green algae) are all considered non-flowering plants as they reproduce via different methods and do not produce flowers.
• Pinus is part of the gymnosperms group, a type of non-flowering plant that reproduces via seeds that are not enclosed.
• Algae usually show plant-like characteristics and conduct photosynthesis but do not bear flowers.
• Spirogyra is another non-flowering form known as green algae. It reproduces asexually.

Additional Information

• Gymnosperms, such as Pinus, are unique among non-flowering plants; they expose their seeds within the cone instead of producing fruits.
• Algae's reproduction methods can be both sexual and asexual, differing from typical plant reproduction.
• Spirogyra, found mainly in freshwater habitats, has chloroplasts that display a unique helical shape.
• Although not a plant, the Agaricus genus includes a variety of mushroom species that can be edible. It releases spores for reproduction.

Concept/Formula Used:

Area of a square = (side length)^2.

In a square, the length of the diagonal is d = side x √2. Therefore, if the diagonal is the base reference, the area of the square

= ( diagonal / √2 )^2.

Solution:

Start with the formula for the area of a square:

⇒ Area = (diagonal / √2)^2

If we double the diagonal: ⇒ New Diagonal = 2 × diagonal

Area with the new diagonal will be: ⇒ New Area = (2 × diagonal / √2)^2

⇒ New Area = 4 × (diagonal / √2)^2 ⇒ New Area = 4 × Area

Therefore, the correct answer is "four times".

The correct answer is Kaiser-e-Hind.

The title given by the British Government to Mahatma Gandhi which he surrendered during the Non-Cooperation movement was Kaiser-e-Hind.

Key Points

Non-cooperation Movement (1920 AD-1922 AD):

• At the Calcutta session in September 1920 AD, Congress resolved in favour of the Non-cooperation Movement and defined Swaraj as its ultimate aim.
• The movement envisaged:
• Surrender of titles and honorary offices and resignation nominated offices
• Refusal to attend government darbars and official functions and boycott of British courts by the lawyers
• Refusal of the general public to offer themselves for military and other government jobs and boycott of foreign goods, etc.
• Apart from the educational boycott, there was a boycott of law courts, which saw major lawyers like Motilal Nehru, C.R. Das, C. Rajagopalachari, Saifuddin Kitchlu, Vallabhbhai Patel, Aruna Asaf Ali, etc. giving up their lucrative practices in their fields.

Mahatma Gandhi was awarded Kaisar-i-Hind title for raising an Indian Ambulance Corp during the Boer wars.

According to the given information,

The code for books is "3"

The code for old is "5"

The code for "are" is "2".

Hence the correct answer is Option 3: 2

The correct answer is 42

Key Points 

• The 42^nd Amendment of the Indian Constitution is the most comprehensive amendment to the Constitution and carries out major changes.
• It is also known as a “mini-constitution”.

 Amendments:

• Added three new words (i.e., socialist, secular, and integrity) in the Preamble.
• Added Fundamental Duties by the citizens (new Part IV A).
• Made the president bound by the advice of the cabinet.
• Provided administrative tribunals and tribunals for other matters (Added Part XIV A).
• Froze the seats in the Lok Sabha and state legislative assemblies on the basis of the 1971 census till 2001 - Population Controlling Measure
• Made constitutional amendments beyond judicial scrutiny.
• Curtailed the power of judicial review and writ jurisdiction of the Supreme Court and high courts.
• Raised the tenure of Lok Sabha and state legislative assemblies from 5 to 6 years.
• Provided that the laws made for the implementation of Directive Principles cannot be declared invalid by the courts on the ground of violation of some Fundamental Rights.
• Added three new Directive Principles viz., equal justice and free legal aid, the participation of workers in the management of industries and protection of the environment, forests, and wildlife.
• provided for the creation of the All-India Judicial Service.
• Shortened the procedure for disciplinary action by taking away the right of a civil servant to make representation at the second stage after the inquiry (i.e., on the penalty proposed.

Additional InformationList of Fundamental Duties: 

1. Abide by the Constitution and respect the national flag and national Anthem
2. Follow the ideals of the freedom struggle
3. Protect the sovereignty & integrity of India
4. Defend the country and render national services when called upon
5. Spirit of common brotherhood
6. Preserve composite culture
7. Preserve natural environment
8. Develop scientific temper
9. Safeguard public property
10. Strive for excellence
11. Duty of all parents/guardians to send their children in the age group of 6-14 years to school.

Fundamental Duties are non-justiciable and can’t be taken to a court of law.

Thus, as per the Constitution (Eighty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2002, there are 11 fundamental duties are mentioned in the Indian Constitution.

The correct answer is Pepper.

Key Points

• The Greeks used to import pepper from India in ancient times.
• Yavanas are known as indo Greek.
• They loved pepper a lot, thus the pepper was given the name "Yavana" means people from abroad.
• "Priya" means since they enjoy pepper, it was given the name Yavanapriya.

The logic followed here is:

⇒ 3 × 2 × 4 = 24

⇒ 2 × -1 × -2 = 4

⇒ 6 × 5 × 0 = 0

Hence the correct answer is Option 2: 0

The correct answer is Sea-urchins.

Key Points

• Sea-urchins do not qualify as living fossils despite their ancient lineage, due to the significant evolutionary changes they have undergone.
• Limulas, also recognized as horseshoe crabs, are counted as living fossils because of their long geological history and slow rates of evolution.
• Sphenodon, or the tuatara, is a reptile endemic to New Zealand it is tagged as a living fossil due to its retention of many primitive features.
• Coelacanths are considered living fossils. These ancient fish, earlier known only from fossil records, were discovered as live specimens in the 20^th century.

Additional Information

• The concept of living fossils involves organisms that have remained morphologically unchanged for a large span of Earth's history.
• Sea urchins, although ancient, have diversified into many modern species, indicative of extensive evolutionary changes.
• Horseshoe crabs or Limulas have survived for over 450 million years with little alteration in their body structure.
• The tuatara, or Sphenodon, has a unique lineage dating back to the Mesozoic era, over 200 million years ago, despite its resemblance to lizards.
• Coelacanths, hailing from the Late Devonian period, are termed "Lazarus species", as they were believed extinct until rediscovered alive in the modern era.

The correct answer is 1955.

Key Points

• The Citizenship Act 1955 lays down rules for the acquisition and determination of Indian citizenship.
• Enacted in 1955, this act also enables people who were once citizens of India but are now citizens of another country, among others, to apply for an Overseas Citizen of India Card.
• As per Citizenship Act, 1955 one can lose the citizenship of India in three ways: Renunciation, Termination, and Deprivation.
• Indian Citizenship can be acquired in the following ways:
• Citizenship by birth
• Citizenship by descent
• Citizenship by registration
• Citizenship by naturalization
• Citizenship by incorporation of a territory.