Search Previous Year Questions

The correct answer is Fragmentation.

Key Points

• Spirogyra is a free-floating green algae.
• Such algae can be observed on
• It belongs to the Chlorophyta kingdom.
• Spirogyras are filamentous algae that consist of thin unbranched chains of cylindrical cells.
• The mode of reproduction in spirogyra is Fragmentation.
• The body of the organism breaks into smaller pieces, called fragments and each segment grows into an adult individual. like Algae etc.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Fat and Sodium.

Key Points

• Fast food items like Pizza and Burgers primarily provide nutrients such as fat and sodium.
• These foods are often high in calories and saturated fats, contributing to unhealthy dietary patterns.
• The fat content in fast food items like cheese, meat, and processed oils can lead to weight gain and increase the risk of obesity-related health issues.
• Additionally, the high sodium content in fast food contributes to high blood pressure and cardiovascular problems.
• While fast food may provide some carbohydrates, protein, and small amounts of other nutrients, they are generally low in fibre, vitamins, and minerals that are essential for overall health.
• Consuming fast food regularly without balancing the diet with nutritious foods can have negative impacts on long-term health and well-being.

The correct answer is Kidney.

Key Points

• Humans and animals have a pair of bean-shaped organs called the kidneys.
• They get rid of waste items, keep electrolyte levels regulated, and keep blood pressure under control.
• The location of the kidneys is right below the rib cage, and they are present as a pair of two.
• There is one Kidney on each side of the spine.
• Because there is less room between the liver and the right Kidney, the right Kidney is often positioned somewhat lower than the left Kidney.
• The kidneys are responsible for regulating homeostasis as their primary function.
• They ensure that the fluid levels, electrolyte balance, and other elements that maintain the body's internal environment are comfortable and stable.
• Tubules in the kidneys can reabsorb nutrients from the blood and then transport them to where the body needs them the most.
• They absorb nutrients like glucose, sodium, chlorine, potassium, water, etc.

Additional Information

• Urinary Bladder
• The urinary bladder is an organ that stores urine until it is expelled by urination.
• Its primary function is to collect urine.
• After the urine has been filtered via the kidneys, the Urinary bladder allows for reabsorption using a feedback mechanism if needed.
• The transitional epithelium that lines the urine bladder is responsible for the absence of mucus production in this organ.
• Ureter
• Urine is transported from the Kidney to the urinary bladder through the ureter, a tube in the body.
• There is one ureter connected to each Kidney, making a total of two.
• The pelvis region is home to the lower portion of the ureter, whereas the abdominal cavity houses the higher portion of this organ.
• The tube has strong walls capable of contracting and is made of a mucus coat, a muscle coat, and a coat of fibrous tissue.
• Urethra
• Urine is expelled from the body via a tube called the urethra, a small tube connected to the bladder.
• The female urethra small about 1.5 inches long, whereas the length of the male urethra, ranges from 7 to 8 inches.
• Three sections make up the male urethra. These sections include the prostatic urethra, the membranous urethra, and the spongy urethra.
• The female urethra is somewhat less complicated than the male one since it needs to travel a shorter distance.
• Its main function is to facilitate the passage of urine from the bladder and out of the body.
• When an animal urinates, the brain signals to the bladder that it is time to squeeze. The bladder responds by relaxing the sphincter muscle, allowing urine to pass through the urethra.

The correct answer is Vitamin C. 

Key Points

• Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin.
• it is necessary for normal growth and development.
• Water-soluble vitamins dissolve readily in water.
• Leftover vitamin quantities leave the body through the urine.

Additional Information

• Vitamin C, also known as L-ascorbic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin that is naturally found in certain foods, added to others, and also available as a dietary supplement.
• The best sources of vitamin C are fruits and vegetables.
• The primary contributors to vitamin C are citrus fruits, tomato and tomato juice, and potatoes.
• Since ascorbic acid is water-soluble and is damaged by heat, the vitamin C content of food may be decreased by prolonged storage and cooking.
• Acute Vitamin C deficiency can lead to a disease called Scurvy.

Sources of Vitamin C

The correct answer is Papaya.

• Papaya flowers are Unisexual Flowers.

Key Points

• Flowers that contain either only pistil (Female reproductive organs) or stamen (male reproductive organ) are called Unisexual flowers.
• Corn, papaya, Cucumber are some common examples.
• A flower which contains both pistils (Female reproductive organs) and stamen (male reproductive organs) are called bisexual flowers.
• Sunflower, Mustard, Hibiscus are some common examples.

The correct answer is Liver.

Key Points

• Bile Juice
• The liver secretes the bile juice.
• The bile juice is stored in the gall bladder.
• About 500-1000 ml of bile is secreted by the liver in a day.
• Liver
• It is the largest gland of the body.
• It lies in the upper right side of the abdominal cavity.
• It secretes bile juice.

Additional Information

• Gastric
• Glands of the Stomach are called gastric glands.
• The secretions from these cells form gastric juice( pH 1.5-2.5 very acidic).
• In the human body, about 2000-3000 ml of gastric juice is secreted per day.
• Pancreas
• It is a soft, lobulated gland located posterior to the stomach in the abdominal cavity.
• The exocrine gland portion of the pancreas secretes an alkaline pancreatic juice.
• The endocrine gland portion of the pancreas secretes hormones.
• Small intestine 
• It is the longest part of the alimentary canal.
• It completes the digestion of food.
• The inner mucosa layer or small intestine has villi.

The correct answer is Glycogen.

Key Points 

• Glucose is the main source of fuel for our cells.
• When the body no longer needs to use glucose for energy, it stores it in the liver and muscles
• This stored form of glucose is made up of many linked glucose molecules and is called glycogen.
• Glycogen is a polysaccharide of glucose that serves as energy storage in animals, fungi, and bacteria.

Additional InformationFat

• Fats are substances that our body stores for future use.
• Fat and its derivates are combinedly known as a lipid.
• Animals store a maximum amount of food in the form of lipid.
• Fat is a type of nutrient just like protein and carbohydrates.
• Fats come mainly from vegetables, nuts, seeds, and fish, etc.

Insulin

• ​Insulin is a peptide hormone secreted by beta cells of the pancreatic islets.
• It is considered to be the primary anabolic hormone present inside our body.
• It maintains the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and protein by promoting the absorption of glucose from the blood into the liver, fat and skeletal muscle cells.
• In these tissues, the absorbed glucose is changed into either glycogen via glycogenesis or fats (triglycerides) via lipogenesis, or, in the case of the liver, into both.

Amino acids

• Amino acids are chemical molecules with an amino group and an acidic group on the same carbon atom.
• Amino acids are often referred to as the building blocks of proteins.
• They are organic compounds that combine to form proteins.
• They also help in hormone and neurotransmitter synthesis.

The correct answer is Silk.

Key Points

• Silk is a natural polymer.
• Natural polymers occur in nature and can be extracted.
• Examples of naturally occurring polymers are silk, wool, DNA, cellulose and proteins, and rubber.
• Natural polymers have been widely used in a variety of biomedical applications such as pharmaceuticals, tissue regeneration scaffolds, drug delivery agents, and imaging agents.
• In wound care, they are used as dressings for acute or chronic wounds and as regeneration templates.
• Hence, option 2 is correct.

Additional Information

• Polymer :
• A polymer is a large molecule or a macromolecule which essentially is a combination of many subunits.
• Polymers may be naturally found in plants and animals (natural polymers) or maybe man-made (synthetic polymers).
• Different polymers have a number of unique physical and chemical properties due to which they find usage in everyday life.
• Polymers cannot be classified under one category because of their complex structures, different behaviours, and vast applications.
• Classification of Polymers :
• Natural Polymers:
• ​They occur naturally and are found in plants and animals.
• To add up, we also have biodegradable polymers which are called biopolymers.
• Semi-synthetic Polymers:
• They are derived from naturally occurring polymers and undergo further chemical modification.
• For example - cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate.
• Synthetic Polymers:
• These are man-made polymers.
• Plastic is the most common and widely used synthetic polymer.
• It is used in industries and various dairy products.
• For example - nylon-6, 6, polyethers.

The correct answer is 4  kilo Calories.

Key Points

Carbohydrates:

• It is a biomolecule consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, usually with a hydrogen-oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 and thus with the empirical formula C_m(H₂O)_n (where m may or may not be different from n).
• Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in foods provide energy for the body's functions and physical activities.
• They, however, do not have the same energy content. The following is the energy-content by respective nutrients:
• 1 gram of carbohydrates- 4kcal
• 1 gram of protein- 4 kcal
• 1 gram of fats- 9 kcal
• So, the correct answer is 4 kcal.

Additional Information

Three types of simple carbohydrates include:

• Monosaccharides:  are the simplest sugars e.g. glucose. fructose and galactose.
• Disaccharides: are formed by condensation where there is linking of two
• Polysaccharides: is a large molecule made of many smaller monosaccharides.

Important Points

• Carbohydrates provide energy to the body.
• It breaks down into glucose and enters our bloodstream.
• The body cells utilize glucose to produce ATP(adenosine triphosphate).

A zygote is fertilized egg cell that results from the union of a female gamete (egg, or ovum) with a male gamete (sperm).

Key Points 

• The first step in the process of reproduction is the fusion of a sperm and an ovum.
• When sperms come in contact with an egg, one of the sperms may fuse with the egg. Such fusion of the egg and the sperm is called fertilization.
• During fertilization, the nuclei of the sperm and the egg fuse to form a single nucleus.
• This results in the formation of a fertilized egg or zygote.
• The ovary produces female gametes called ova and the testes produce male gametes called sperms.
• The fusion of the ovum and sperm is called fertilization.
• The fertilized egg is called a zygote.
• Fertilization that takes place inside the female body is called internal fertilization. This is observed in human beings and other animals such as hens, cows, and dogs.
• Fertilization that takes place outside the female body is called external fertilization. This is observed in frogs, fish, starfish, etc