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The correct answer is System Software.

Key Points

• System software:- System software controls internal computer operations. In either case, the system software area is characterized by heavy interaction with computer hardware; heavy usage by multiple users; a concurrent operation that requires scheduling, resource sharing, and sophisticated process management; complex data structure; and multiple external interfaces.

Additional Information 

• System software is a collection of programs written to service other programs.
• Some system software (e.g., compilers, editors, and file management utilities) processes complex, but determinate, information structures.
• System software is programs that manage the resources of the computer system and simplify applications programming.
• System software is made to be as fast as possible to provide an effective platform for higher-level software.a
• The system has three basic types of software:
• Application programs
• device drivers
• operating systems

The correct answer is Gigahertz (GHz).

Key Points

• The speed that a CPU works at is measured in hertz (Hz). Modern processors often run so fast that gigahertz (GHz) is used instead.
• One gigahertz is one billion cycles per second.

The correct answer is 1024 megabytes.

• Gigabyte(GB) refers to 1024 megabytes(MB).

Key Points

• Computer memory and disk space are measured in these units,etc.
• Tabular Representation of various Memory Size.​​​
• | Name | Equal To | | --- | --- | | Bit | 1 Bit | | Nibble | 4 Bits | | Byte | 8 Bits | | Kilobyte | 1024 Bytes | | Megabyte | 1, 024 Kilobytes | | Gigabyte | 1, 024 Megabytes | | Terrabyte | 1, 024 Gigabytes | | Petabyte | 1, 024 Terabytes | | Exabyte | 1, 024 Petabytes | | Zettabyte | 1, 024 Exabytes | | Yottabyte | 1, 024 Zettabytes |

The correct answer is magnetic tape, magnetic disk, main memory, register 

Key Points

• The hierarchy of storage devices in terms of decreasing access time. Answer covered: register, main memory, magnetic disk, magnetic tape

Additional Information

• Registers: These are the smallest and fastest type of memory in a computer. They sit within the CPU (Central Processing Unit) itself and are used for storing the immediate data that the CPU needs to perform computations. The number of registers, which can vary depending on the CPU's architecture, is limited because they are expensive and consume more power.
• Cache memory (or CPU Cache): This is a very fast and small amount of memory that is built directly into the CPU or located next to it. It is used to store frequently used data to decrease the time needed to access this data. The cache memory is faster to access than RAM. There are usually multiple levels of cache (L1, L2, L3, etc.), with L1 being the fastest and smallest, and each subsequent level being larger and moderately slower.
• Main memory (RAM - Random Access Memory): Main memory is a type of computer memory that can be read and changed in any order, typically used to store working data and machine code. It is much larger than the cache but slower to access. RAM is volatile, which means it loses its content once power is turned off.
• Secondary memory (Hard Disk, Solid State Drives): Also known as storage, it is non-volatile, meaning it retains its contents even when the computer is turned off. Magnetic Hard Disk Drives (HDD) and Solid State Drives (SSD) are the most common examples. SSDs are faster but more expensive than HDDs.
• Optical Disks: Storage devices which use lasers to read/write data, such as CDs, DVDs, and Blu-Ray discs. They usually have less storage capacity and slower access times than hard drives but are useful for distributing software, music, and movies due to their portability.
• Magnetic Tape: These are used primarily for data backup and archiving. They can store larges amounts of data affordably but have very slow access times because they are a sequential access data storage device, meaning data must be read in the order it was originally written which is slower than the direct access provided by disks.

All these types of memory and storage form part of a system's memory hierarchy, which manages access speed, cost, size, and volatility.

The correct answer is option 5.

Concept:

Phishing scams are online fraud that targets customers by sending them an e-mail that looks to come from a trusted source, such as an internet service provider, bank, or mortgage firm. It requests personally identifying information from the customer. Phishing scams are attempts by individuals to access confidential data from you by falsifying their identity.

• The information is then used by a fraudster to establish new accounts or infiltrate the consumer's current accounts. Consumers may prevent phishing scams by avoiding replying to e-mails or pop-up messages that solicit personal or financial information, among other things.
• Phishing is a hacker's effort to deceive you into exposing personal information such as online banking passwords or credit card numbers.

Hence the correct answer is Phishing scams*.*

• A firewall acts like a security guard for a computer or network.
• It checks incoming and outgoing data traffic.
• If the traffic is unauthorized or unsafe, the firewall blocks it.
• Therefore, the main function of a firewall is blocking unauthorized access.

The correct answer is Worm.

Key Points

• Worm 
• A worm is a small piece of software that uses computer networks and security holes to replicate itself.
• A copy of the worm scans the network for another machine that has a specific security hole.
• Worm Uses computer networks and security holes to replicate itself.
• Many worms are designed only to spread and do not attempt to change the systems they pass through.
• The first-ever computer worm was devised to be anti-virus software.

Additional Information

• Trojan horse
• A Trojan horse is a type of malicious code or software that looks legitimate but takes control of your computer.
• A Trojan is designed to damage, disrupt, steal, or in general, inflict some other harmful action on your data or network.
• A Trojan acts as a bona fide application or file to trick you.
• Application
• An application program is a computer program designed to carry out a specific task other than one relating to the operation of the computer itself, typically to be used by end-users.
• Applications may be bundled with the computer and its system software or published separately and may be coded as proprietary, open-source, or projects.
• Operating System
• An operating system is a software program required to manage and operate a computing device like smartphones, tablets, computers, supercomputers, web servers, cars, network towers, etc.
• It is the operating system that eliminates the need to know coding language to interact with computing devices.

The correct answer is wireless connectivity between various devices/equipment over short distances.

Key Points

• Bluetooth is a wireless technology that allows the exchange of data within a short distance.
• It uses short-wavelength UHF radio waves.
• Bluetooth waves don't travel very far and keep switching frequencies constantly.

Additional Information

• The maximum connectivity range of a Bluetooth device is about 30 feet.
• Jaap Haartsen invented Bluetooth technology while working in conjunction with Ericsson.

The correct answer is Linux.

Key Points

• Linux is a multiuser and open-source operating system.
• ​Open Source operating systems are released under a license where the copyright holder allows others to study, change as well as distribute the software to other people.​
• Linux
• It was invented by Linus Torvalds in the year 1991.
• It builds communication between the hardware and the software.
• It is released under the GNU General Public License (GPL).
• It is a very secure operating system, hence malware and viruses cannot attack the operating system.
• It is also multiprogramming, and multitasking like other kinds of operating systems and as well as it supports multi-user.
• The Linux operating system is free to install in the system.​
• Solaris
• It is a Unix-like operating system developed by Sun Microsystems (later acquired by Oracle).​
• Solaris is developed under a proprietary development model, and only the source for open-source components of Solaris 11 is available for download from Oracle.
• Solaris is known for its scalability, especially on SPARC systems, and for originating many innovative features such as DTrace, ZFS and Time Slider.
• Unix
• ​It is a computer operating system developed in the 1960s at the Bell Labs research centre.
• It was written in Assembly Language.
• UNIX can support a large number of users and processes simultaneously, making it well-suited for use on servers and other high-performance systems.
• UNIX was designed to be portable, meaning that it can be easily adapted to run on different hardware platforms. This has made it a popular choice for use on a wide variety of computers, including mainframes, servers, and desktop systems.
• Windows 7
• It is the Microsoft Windows operating system (OS) released commercially in October 2009 as the successor to Windows Vista.​
• It is built on the Windows Vista kernel.
• Windows 7 also includes a feature called "Windows Touch" that supports touchscreen input and multitouch functionality.
• It was replaced in November 2012 by Windows 8.

The correct answer is Ctrl + H.

• Use the shortcut Ctrl+H or navigate to Home > Editing > Replace to reach the Find and Replace dialog box.

Important Points