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Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai was the first chairman of ISRO. He is widely regarded as the father of India's space programme. The Indian Space Research Organization's lead facility for launch vehicle development is named after him.

The correct answer is Mohenjo Daro

Key Points

• The Priest-King, also known as the King-Priest, is a remarkable small male sculpture crafted from steatite.
• It was discovered during the excavation of the ancient Bronze Age city of Mohenjo-daro in Sindh, Pakistan, back in 1925–26.
• This exquisite piece of art dates back to approximately 2000–1900 BCE during Mohenjo-Daro's Period
• It  is considered “the most famous stone sculpture” of the Indus Valley civilization
• The sculpture depicts a neatly bearded man wearing an armband and a cloak adorned with drilled trefoil, single-circle, and double-circle motifs.

Additional Information

• Things found during the Indus Valley Civilization

The correct answer is Oxalic acid.

Key Points

• Oxalic acid is a chemical compound that occurs naturally in almost every plant to some degree, including fruit, vegetable and grain plants.
• Tomato contains more than 10 types of acids such as citric acid, malic acid, ascorbic acid, and oxalic acid etc.
• Oxalic acid content of tomatoes is about 50 mg per 100 g serving.
• Very ripe tomatoes generally contain higher oxalate amounts than less mature fruit.

Additional Information

• Some natural sources of acid:

The correct answer is Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle.

Key Points

• The full form of PSLV is the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle.

Important Points

• About PSLV:
• The Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle.
• It is an expendable medium-lift launch vehicle.
• It is designed and operated by the ISRO.
• First Flight: September 20, 1993.
• Number of Stages in PSLV is 4.
• Variants : 3 (PSLV-G, PSLV - CA, PSLV - XL).

Additional Information

• PSLV earned its title 'the Workhorse of ISRO'.
• Famous ISRO mission such as Mangalyan, Chandrayan-1 was successfully launched by PSLV.
• It can launch in Low earth orbit, Sun Synchronous orbit, and Geostationary orbit.
• Through consistently delivering various satellites to Low Earth Orbits, particularly the IRS series of satellites.

The correct answer is President of Indonesia Mr. Prabowo Subianto.

Key Points

• Mr. Prabowo Subianto is an influential Indonesian politician and currently serves as the Minister of Defence of Indonesia.
• He has been a key figure in shaping Indonesia's defence policies and international relations.
• His presence as the Chief Guest at India's Republic Day celebrations highlights the growing strategic partnership between India and Indonesia.
• India and Indonesia share strong historical, cultural, and economic ties, and this event further strengthens their bilateral relationship.

Important Points

• The Chief Guest at India's Republic Day celebrations is typically a foreign dignitary, signifying India's diplomatic ties and goodwill.
• India's Republic Day commemorates the adoption of its Constitution on January 26, 1950.

Additional Information

• President of Brazil Mr. Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva: Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva is a prominent Brazilian leader who has served multiple terms as the President of Brazil. He is known for his progressive policies and contributions to Brazil's economic development.
• President of Egypt Mr. Abdel Fattah al-Sisi: Abdel Fattah al-Sisi is the current President of Egypt and has played a significant role in stabilizing Egypt's political landscape. He was the Chief Guest at India's Republic Day celebrations in 2023.
• President of France Mr. Emmanuel Macron: Emmanuel Macron is the President of France and a key figure in global politics. France and India share strong ties, especially in defense and technology sectors.
• Republic Day Celebrations: The Republic Day parade in New Delhi is a grand event showcasing India's military prowess, cultural diversity, and achievements. It features a fly-past by the Indian Air Force, floats representing states, and performances by artists.

• ‘Khanjar’ is joint military exercise between India and Kyrgyztan.
• Khanjar exercise includes insertion of troops by going stealthily from helicopters and destroying hiding places of terrorists.
• Till date there have been 5 joint military exercises between India and Kyrgyzstan.
• These Bilateral Military Exercises are conducted to uphold the values of Peace, Prosperity and Trust in the region.

The Correct answer is Shane Watson.

Key Points

• Shane Watson, former Australian cricketer, is the author of the book “The Winner’s Mindset.”
• The book was released in 2024 and focuses on the mental aspects of sports and life, emphasizing resilience, positivity, and focus.
• Watson shares his personal experiences as a professional cricketer, especially how he overcame setbacks, injuries, and performance pressures.
• The book provides insights into the importance of mental health, discipline, and mindset in achieving success, not just in cricket but also in life and leadership.
• He retired from international cricket in 2016 and later from franchise cricket in 2020, making him one of the last active players from Australia’s golden era of cricket.
• Watson was known as one of the world’s best all-rounders, excelling in both batting and bowling, and played key roles in ICC tournaments for Australia.
• Through this book, he highlights how a strong mindset can transform challenges into opportunities and separate winners from others.

 Additional Information

• Ricky Ponting
• Former Australian cricket captain and one of the most successful captains in cricket history.
• He has authored books like “At the Close of Play” and “Ponting: At the Close of Play.”
• Ponting is known for leading Australia to victories in two ICC World Cups (2003, 2007).

The correct answer is 96th.

Key Points

• Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) is a global measure of corruption in the public sector.
• In the 2024 CPI, India was ranked 96^th out of 180 countries.
• This ranking reflects India's ongoing struggle with corruption issues within its public sector.
• The CPI score ranges from 0 (highly corrupt) to 100 (very clean), and India's score has been relatively stable in recent years.
• India's CPI score in 2024 was 38, highlighting the need for continued efforts to combat corruption.

Additional Information

• Transparency International:
• Founded in 1993, it is an international non-governmental organization working to combat global corruption.
• It is headquartered in Berlin, Germany, and operates through more than 100 national chapters worldwide.
• Transparency International publishes the Corruption Perceptions Index annually.
• Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI):
• The CPI is a composite index that ranks countries by their perceived levels of public sector corruption.
• It is based on expert assessments and opinion surveys.
• The CPI is widely used as a key indicator of corruption globally.
• Impact of Corruption:
• Corruption undermines democracy and the rule of law.
• It leads to the misallocation of resources and hampers economic development.
• Corruption adversely affects public services and the overall quality of life.
• Efforts to Combat Corruption in India:
• The Indian government has implemented various measures such as the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act.
• Strengthening of anti-corruption agencies like the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) and the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI).
• Introduction of technology-based initiatives like e-governance to reduce corruption.

The Correct answer is Kalkaji.

Key Points

• Atishi Marlena, a senior leader of the Aam Aadmi Party (AAP), won from the Kalkaji Assembly constituency in the 2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election.
• She defeated BJP’s Ramesh Bidhuri in a tough contest, securing her position as the elected representative from Kalkaji.
• The constituency of Kalkaji is located in South Delhi district and comes under the South Delhi Lok Sabha constituency.
• Atishi’s victory was significant as she continued her stronghold in Kalkaji, where she had earlier been active in education reforms and governance.
• Following the election results, she was chosen as the Leader of Opposition in the Delhi Assembly, highlighting her rising importance in state politics.
• The victory also strengthened AAP’s presence in South Delhi, where constituencies often witness close contests between AAP, BJP, and Congress.

 Additional Information

• New Delhi
• This is a key constituency in Delhi, historically represented by chief ministers and prominent leaders.
• It was not the seat from where Atishi contested in 2025; she stood from Kalkaji.

The Correct Answer is 28.

Key Points

• At the Hangzhou Asian Games in China, the Indian contingent finished its campaign by living up to the commitment of “Iss baar 100 paar" with a record haul of 107 medals comprised of 28 gold, 38 silver, and 41 bronze.
• India ranked at fourth place on scoreboard in Asian Games.
• This outstanding feat surpassed India's previous best of 70 medals at the Jakarta Asian Games in 2018.
• This is the second time India has won more than 100 medals in any of the three major Games - the Olympics, the Commonwealth Games, and the Asian Games.
• They had won 101 medals in the 2010 Commonwealth Games in New Delhi.