Search Previous Year Questions

The correct answer is Dhar.

Key Points

• Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the 'Swasth Nari, Sashakt Parivar Abhiyaan' from Dhar, Madhya Pradesh.
• The initiative focuses on ensuring women's health and well-being, which is closely linked to the health of the entire family.
• The campaign aims to promote awareness regarding health issues in women, ensuring their access to healthcare facilities.
• This initiative aligns with broader government programs aimed at improving maternal health and reducing malnutrition in women and children.
• The program emphasizes community engagement and the active participation of local healthcare institutions.

Additional Information

• Bhopal:
• Bhopal is the capital city of Madhya Pradesh and is known for its historical significance and cultural heritage.
• The city is often associated with government initiatives in education, urban development, and environmental conservation.
• It is also a center for healthcare programs and public awareness campaigns in Madhya Pradesh.
• Indore:
• Indore is the largest city in Madhya Pradesh and recognized as the cleanest city in India for several consecutive years under the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan.
• The city is a hub for various government programs related to urban development and sanitation.
• Indore has been a venue for several national-level initiatives but was not the location for launching this campaign.
• Gwalior:
• Gwalior is renowned for its historical monuments and rich cultural heritage.
• It has hosted several government-led initiatives focusing on tourism, education, and healthcare.

The correct answer is Acid.

Key Points

• The fluffiness of cakes and idlis is due to the release of carbon dioxide (CO₂) gas during a chemical reaction involving baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) and an acid.
• When baking soda reacts with an acid (e.g., lemon juice, vinegar, or lactic acid in curd), CO₂ gas is produced, which gets trapped in the batter, forming air pockets.
• These air pockets expand upon heating, causing the batter to rise and resulting in a fluffy texture in cakes and idlis.
• Common acidic ingredients used in baking include buttermilk, yogurt, vinegar, lemon juice, or cream of tartar.
• This reaction is a part of leavening, a process that makes baked goods light and porous by introducing gases like CO₂ into the batter or dough.

Additional Information

• Salt
• Salt (sodium chloride) is used in baking primarily to enhance the flavor of the final product.
• It also strengthens the gluten structure in bread dough and regulates yeast fermentation, but it does not contribute to the production of carbon dioxide gas.
• Sugar
• Sugar is used in baking to add sweetness, create a tender texture, and contribute to browning during baking.
• While sugar can interact with yeast in bread-making to produce CO₂, it does not react with baking soda to release the gas required for fluffiness in cakes and idlis.
• Oil
• Oil is used in baking to improve the texture and moisture of the final product.
• It does not contribute to the leavening process or the production of carbon dioxide gas.

The correct answer is Small Modular Reactors.

Key Points

• Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) are advanced nuclear reactors with a capacity of up to 300 megawatts per unit, which is about one-third of the capacity of traditional nuclear power reactors.
• The Union Budget 2025-26 highlighted the Nuclear Energy Mission to promote research and development of SMRs as part of India’s clean energy transition strategy.
• SMRs are cost-effective, modular, and scalable, allowing for easier deployment in remote and smaller regions with lower electricity demand compared to traditional nuclear reactors.
• These reactors are designed with enhanced safety features and can operate flexibly to complement renewable energy sources like wind and solar power.
• The Indian government is focusing on SMRs to achieve net-zero emissions by 2070, reduce dependence on fossil fuels, and ensure energy security.

Additional Information

• Fast Breeder Reactors (FBRs):
• FBRs use fast neutrons to sustain the fission process and are capable of producing more fissile material than they consume.
• India has been actively pursuing FBR technology with the construction of the Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) at Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu.
• These reactors are essential for utilizing thorium reserves and achieving a sustainable nuclear fuel cycle.
• However, FBRs are not the focus of the 2025-26 Nuclear Energy Mission as they are part of India’s long-term nuclear program under its three-stage nuclear power strategy.
• Fusion Energy Reactors:
• Fusion energy reactors aim to replicate the process that powers the sun by fusing hydrogen isotopes to release vast amounts of energy.
• Fusion is considered the “holy grail” of clean energy due to its virtually limitless fuel supply and minimal radioactive waste.
• Currently, fusion energy is in the experimental phase, with international projects like ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) leading the charge.
• India is a member of the ITER project, but commercial fusion energy reactors are not yet a feasible option for immediate implementation.
• Thorium-based Reactors:
• Thorium-based reactors use thorium as a fuel, which is abundant in India, to generate nuclear energy.
• India has been investing in thorium-based reactor technology as part of its three-stage nuclear power program.
• The Advanced Heavy Water Reactor (AHWR) is a notable project in this field.
• Although thorium reactors hold great promise for India’s energy future, they are not the focus of the 2025-26 Nuclear Energy Mission.

The correct answer is Madhya Pradesh.

Key Points

• Madhya Pradesh emerged as the champion at the first-ever Khelo India Water Sports Festival held at Dal Lake, Srinagar, in August 2025.
• The event featured numerous water sports competitions, including kayaking, canoeing, rowing, and dragon boat racing, attracting participants from across the nation.
• Madhya Pradesh's athletes showcased exceptional talent and secured the highest number of medals, earning them the championship title.
• The festival was organized under the Khelo India initiative to promote water sports and encourage youth participation in sports.
• Dal Lake in Srinagar was chosen as the venue to highlight the natural beauty of Kashmir and promote tourism alongside sports development.

Additional Information

• Kerala
• Kerala is renowned for its expertise in water sports and hosts the Nehru Trophy Boat Race, one of India's most famous boat races.
• The state has a strong presence in sports like rowing and kayaking, with many athletes representing India at international levels.
• Despite its prominence, Kerala did not secure the championship at the Khelo India Water Sports Festival in 2025.
• Odisha
• Odisha is emerging as a sports hub in India, especially after hosting the Hockey Men's World Cup twice.
• The state has invested heavily in sports infrastructure, such as the Kalinga Stadium in Bhubaneswar.
• While Odisha has made strides in sports development, it did not secure the top spot in the water sports festival.
• Chhattisgarh
• Chhattisgarh is gradually building its presence in the sporting arena by promoting regional sports and organizing local competitions.
• Though the state has potential, it is yet to establish a strong foothold in national-level water sports.

The correct answer is Nitin Kushalappa.

Key Points

• Nitin Kushalappa is the author of the book 'Dakshin: South Indian Myths and Fables Retold' that won the Sahitya Akademi’s Bal Sahitya Puraskar, 2025.
• The book presents a unique retelling of myths and fables from South India, showcasing their cultural richness and diversity.
• The Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar is awarded for outstanding literary works for children in India.
• 'Dakshin' focuses on stories that reflect the traditions, values, and folklore of South Indian culture, making it a valuable contribution to Indian children's literature.
• Nitin Kushalappa is acclaimed for his ability to engage young readers through storytelling that combines history, mythology, and imagination.

Additional Information

• Nandini Sengupta:
• Nandini Sengupta is a noted author of historical fiction and children's books.
• Her works, such as 'The Story of India’s Partition', focus on Indian history, particularly significant events and personalities.
• She is known for weaving historical narratives into engaging formats for young readers.
• Om Goswami:
• Om Goswami is celebrated for his contributions to children's literature, especially in Hindi.
• He has written extensively on topics that include Indian culture, folklore, and moral stories.
• His works are recognized for their simplicity and ability to connect with young audiences.
• Subhadra Sen Gupta:
• Subhadra Sen Gupta was an eminent author known for her works on Indian history and culture, particularly for children.
• Her books, such as 'The Constitution of India for Children' and 'A Children's History of India', are widely appreciated.
• She was awarded the Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar in 2014 for her contributions to children's literature.

The correct answer is GE Aerospace.

Key Points

• GE Aerospace, previously known as GE Aviation, is a leading American aircraft engine manufacturer.
• In March 2025, GE Aerospace delivered the first batch of 99 F404-IN20 engines to Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) for the Tejas Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Mk-1A programme.
• The F404-IN20 engines are known for their reliability, performance, and advanced features, making them ideal for lightweight fighter aircraft like Tejas Mk-1A.
• The collaboration between GE Aerospace and HAL strengthens India’s defense manufacturing capabilities under the "Make in India" initiative.
• GE Aerospace has been a long-time partner of India’s defense industry, previously supplying engines for earlier versions of the Tejas aircraft.

Additional Information

• Northrop Grumman
• Northrop Grumman is an American aerospace and defense technology company specializing in autonomous systems, cyber solutions, and space technology.
• The company is renowned for its advanced defense systems like the B-2 Spirit stealth bomber and Global Hawk UAVs.
• RTX Corporation
• RTX Corporation (formerly Raytheon Technologies) is a major American defense contractor and industrial corporation specializing in aerospace and defense products.
• Although RTX Corporation produces advanced engines and technologies, it is not involved in the F404-IN20 engine supply for HAL or the Tejas Mk-1A programme.
• The company is well-known for its Pratt & Whitney engines and missile systems like the Patriot air defense system.
• Lockheed Martin
• Lockheed Martin is a global leader in aerospace, defense, and security, known for its advanced fighter jets like the F-35 Lightning II.
• Lockheed Martin has proposed to manufacture the F-21 fighter jet specifically for India as part of its defense collaboration.

The correct answer is Maharashtra.

Key Points

• The Maharashtra government announced the establishment of 'NaMo Gardens' in 394 municipal councils and nagar panchayats to celebrate Prime Minister Narendra Modi's 75^th birthday in September 2025.
• This initiative aims to commemorate PM Modi’s contribution to national development and foster greenery and environmental sustainability.
• Each municipal council and nagar panchayat will be provided with guidelines for developing gardens with a standard design and layout.
• The gardens will serve as recreational spaces for the public while promoting environmental awareness and urban beautification.
• Maharashtra has been proactive in implementing various innovative projects to align with national policies, particularly those emphasizing sustainability and environmental conservation.

Additional Information

• Uttar Pradesh
• Uttar Pradesh is known for implementing large-scale welfare schemes such as the PM Awas Yojana and the One District One Product (ODOP) initiative.
• The state government has also introduced projects like the Namami Gange program for cleaning and rejuvenating the Ganga River.
• While Uttar Pradesh has undertaken various environmental initiatives, no specific project like 'NaMo Gardens' has been announced to mark PM Modi’s birthday.
• Rajasthan
• Rajasthan has focused heavily on water conservation projects such as the Jal Jeevan Mission and the Mukhya Mantri Jal Swavlamban Abhiyan.
• The state is also known for promoting eco-tourism and sustainability in its desert regions.
• However, there has been no announcement of 'NaMo Gardens' or similar initiatives to mark PM Modi’s birthday.
• Telangana
• Telangana is a leader in urban forestry and afforestation programs, with notable initiatives like the Haritha Haram program aimed at increasing green cover.
• While the state government has shown commitment to environmental conservation, it has not announced plans for 'NaMo Gardens' to celebrate PM Modi’s birthday.

Important Points

• NaMo Gardens
• 'NaMo Gardens' is an innovative initiative by the Maharashtra government to honor Prime Minister Narendra Modi's leadership and contribution to India’s progress.
• The project not only serves as a tribute but also promotes environmental awareness and urban sustainability.
• It aligns with broader national goals of environmental conservation and beautification of urban spaces.

The correct answer is Karnataka.

Key Points

• The 'Marusinchana' scheme was launched by the Government of Karnataka to improve academic performance among school students.
• The scheme targets students from classes VI to X who are lagging behind academically.
• It utilizes remedial education modules to help students improve their performance in core subjects.
• The initial implementation started in select districts and is being expanded to more districts over time.
• The objective is to reduce dropout rates and ensure that all students meet the required learning outcomes.

Additional Information

• Tamil Nadu
• Tamil Nadu has implemented several educational schemes like the 'Illam Thedi Kalvi' (Education at Doorstep) program.
• This initiative focuses on bridging learning gaps created during the COVID-19 pandemic.
• It involves volunteers teaching children in their neighborhoods to ensure continuity in education.
• Gujarat
• Gujarat has launched the 'Mission School of Excellence' aimed at improving school infrastructure and quality of education.
• The mission focuses on promoting digital learning and enhancing the academic performance of students.
• Maharashtra
• Maharashtra runs the 'Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Shikshan Hami Yojana,' which aims to provide free education to economically weaker sections.
• Additionally, the state has implemented programs like 'E-Balbharti' to enhance digital education for school students.

The correct answer is Tamil Nadu.

Key Points

• The 'Anbu Karangal' scheme was launched in the state of Tamil Nadu to provide monthly financial assistance to parentless children.
• The initiative aims to prevent school dropouts by providing financial support to children until they reach the age of 18.
• The scheme is a part of Tamil Nadu's broader welfare initiatives designed to ensure education and support for underprivileged children.
• The monthly assistance provided under the scheme helps children meet their basic education and living expenses, ensuring they do not have to discontinue their studies due to financial constraints.
• Tamil Nadu has been known for implementing progressive welfare schemes aimed at improving education and social equity across the state.

Additional Information

• Telangana
• Telangana has launched several welfare schemes such as the 'Kalyana Lakshmi' and 'Rythu Bandhu Scheme.'
• 'Kalyana Lakshmi' provides financial assistance for the marriage of girls from economically weaker sections.
• 'Rythu Bandhu' is an innovative investment support scheme for farmers to support agricultural operations.
• Kerala
• Kerala is known for its high literacy rate and progressive social welfare schemes.
• Notable schemes include the 'Subhiksha Keralam' initiative, which promotes agricultural self-sufficiency, and the 'Karunya Arogya Suraksha Padhathi,' a health insurance scheme.
• The state government also focuses on education and healthcare to enhance the quality of life for its citizens.
• Andhra Pradesh
• Andhra Pradesh has introduced schemes such as 'Amma Vodi,' which provides financial assistance to mothers for their children's education.
• The 'YSR Rythu Bharosa' scheme supports farmers with financial aid to enhance agricultural productivity.
• Additionally, the 'YSR Arogya Sri' scheme ensures free medical care for low-income families in the state.

The correct answer is father's gamete.

Key Points

• In humans, the sex of a child is determined by the type of sex chromosome contributed by the father’s sperm cell during fertilization.
• Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, including one pair of sex chromosomes. Females have two X chromosomes (XX), while males have one X and one Y chromosome (XY).
• All egg cells (ova) produced by the mother carry an X chromosome, as females have only X chromosomes.
• The sperm cells produced by males can carry either an X chromosome or a Y chromosome. If a sperm carrying an X chromosome fertilizes the egg, the child will be female (XX). If a sperm carrying a Y chromosome fertilizes the egg, the child will be male (XY).
• Thus, the father’s gamete (sperm) determines the sex of the child, as it contributes either the X or Y chromosome.

Additional Information

• Mother's gamete:
• The mother’s gamete (egg) always carries an X chromosome, as females have two X chromosomes (XX).
• While the mother’s gamete contributes half of the genetic material, it does not determine the child’s sex since it always provides an X chromosome.
• Blood group:
• The blood group of parents is determined by the ABO and Rh factor systems and is inherited independently of the sex chromosomes.
• Blood group does not play a role in determining the sex of a child.
• Environmental factors:
• Environmental factors such as temperature, diet, and lifestyle can influence certain biological processes but do not affect the determination of a child’s sex in humans.
• In some reptiles, environmental factors like temperature can influence sex determination.