Search Previous Year Questions

The correct answer is "Geopolitical Issue".

Key Points

• From the line given in the passage: Giving a historical perspective to geopolitical issues, Jai-Shankar said “For years India’s position on the world state seemed assured but the 1962 conflict with China significantly damaged India’s standing.​
• Thus, conflict with China was a geopolitical issue.

The correct answer is "Wait till any action takes place".

Key Points

• From the line given in the passage: Highlighting India’s new approach in dealing with terrorism he compared “lack of response to the terror attack in Mumbai in comparison to the way the country responded to the Uri and Pulwama strikes.
• Thus according to it Option 1) is most suitable

Mistake Points

• One might think Option 3) is the correct answer but it is not so. Proactive means creating or controlling a situation rather than just responding to it after it has happened.
• Here in the passage there is nowhere mentioned about creating and controlling the situation. So it is not the right answer.

The correct answer is "Subhramanyam Jaishankar"

Key Points

• From the line given in the passage: Giving a historical perspective to geopolitical issues, Jai-Shankar said “For years India’s position on the world state seemed assured but the 1962 conflict with China significantly damaged India’s standing."
• Thus, the above statement was said by Jai-shankar.

The correct answer is "Nothing wrong with saying no to unfavourable agreement than having an awful agreement".

Key Points

• From the line given in the passage: On India walking away from the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, the external affair minister said no agreement was better than having a bad agreement.
• Thus, the reason for walking away from Economical partnership is to avoid unfavourable agreement than having an awful agreement

The correct answer is "Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership".

Key Points

• From the line given in the passage: On India walking away from the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, the external affair minister said no agreement was better than having a bad agreement.
• Thus from the above passage, correct answer is option 4)

Communication is defined as the process of passing information and understanding from one person to another. It is simply the act of transferring information from one place, person or group to another. The communication process is made up of four key components. Those components include encoding, the medium of transmission, decoding, and feedback, along with the sender and the receiver

Process of Communication

• The first step the sender is faced with involves the encoding process (means translating information into a message in the form of symbols that represent ideas or concepts).
• When encoding a message, the sender has to begin by deciding what he/she wants to transmit. A good way for the sender to improve encoding their message is to mentally visualize the communication from the receiver's point of view.
• To begin transmitting the message, the sender uses some kind of channel (also called a medium). The channel is the means used to convey the message.
• While selecting the appropriate channel, senders need to keep in mind that selecting an appropriate channel will greatly assist in the effectiveness of the receiver's understanding.
• After the appropriate channel is selected, the message enters the decoding stage of the communication process.
• Decoding is conducted by the receiver. The receiver is the individual or individuals to whom the message is directed.

Once the receiver confirms to the sender that he has received the message and understood it, the process of communication is complete. 

Therefore, from the above explanation, we can conclude that during the process of communication sender encodes for the media and the receiver decodes the message.

Non-verbal Communication: It is understood as the process of communication through sending and receiving wordless messages. Non-verbal details reveal who we are and impact how we relate to other people. These include:

Proxemics 

• The study of how we communicate with the space around us, how we arrange personal space, and what we arrange in it.
• The space within social distance and out of personal distance is called social space. And the space within public distance is called public space.
• The amount of distance we need and the amount of space we perceive as belonging to us is influenced by several factors including social norms, situational factors, personality characteristics, and level of familiarity. These are divided into four zones such as public (12 feet or more), social (4 to 12 feet), personal (1.5 to 4 feet), and intimate distance (less than 1.5 feet).

Therefore, Proxemics is the type of non-verbal communication that deals with Space.

Communication refers to the exchange of information from one person to another. Effective communication occurs only when the receiver understands the exact information or idea that the sender intended to transmit.

A few Barriers to Effective Communication are anything that prevents understanding of the information leading to failure of the communication process is termed as barriers.

Semantic/Language Barriers: Semantic is the science of meaning. The same words and symbols carry different meanings to different people. It is a problem of language and the absence of clarity and precision in the subject. The meaning intended by the sender may be quite different from the meaning followed by the receiver and this leads to a semantic barrier. A few of the semantic barriers in formal communication include:

• Symbols with different meanings:  In verbal communication, a particular word may have a variety of meanings. E.g., the word ‘lie’ might have the meanings, ‘laying down’ or ‘a false statement’.
• The difference in Language: This is an obvious barrier where there is no common vehicle to convey ideas and feelings.
• Faulty Translation:  The message must be accompanied by an interpretation that will be understood by the receiver.
• Poor Vocabulary: The communicator should know the clear precise meaning of the used words or else they will not make clear the idea to be communicated. It is the difference in the sender's user vocabulary and the receiver's recognition vocabulary.
• Unqualified

Assumptions:

Though a message appears to be specific, its underlying assumptions may not be clear to the receiver.

• Words having multiple meanings: Similar sounding words like access, excess, flour, flower, cite, site and sight can cause misunderstanding in speech. Technical terms or jargon be a barrier to communication as well.
• Misunderstanding due to semantics: Whatever is to be stated should be stated in simple language with minimum use of long and complex sentences.

Therefore, Language barriers in communication exist due to the difference in the sender's user vocabulary and the receiver's recognition vocabulary.

Communication: Communication is transferring or conveying a message to a target group. It is constituted of three things, sender, communication channel, and receiver. Based on the number of participants engaged in the communication process it can be classified into four, intra-personal communication, interpersonal communication, group communication, and mass communication. In the case of intrapersonal communication, the sender sends and receives the message.

Intra-personal Communication:

• Communication within an individual.
• In this case, the sender and receiver are the same.
• Some of the intrapersonal skills are self-discipline, playfulness, delay of gratification, etc.
• Intrapersonal communication is mainly concerned with thought and analysis but not the sharing of ideas
• It includes individual reflection, meditation, contemplation, and even praying to god
• The used media are mind, audio recordings, written records, etc.
• We conceptualize and formulate our thoughts before we indulge
• For example, 'Oh my God', 'wow', 'thank God', etc.

Mass media:

• Communicate with a large number of people
• It is designed to reach the larger part of the society
• For example, TV, radio, newspaper, etc.

Mass media and society:

• Mass media influences both society and the cultural aspects
• Based on the sociological theory, there is a definite relationship between mass media communication and social changes
• The changes are like social values, public beliefs, opinions, behaviour, etc.
• It gives shape and the structure of society.
• According to Denis McQuail, 1983, mass media are primarily molders of society as well as reflectors of it.

Mass Media is becoming a very important agency of socialization as mass media is a form of media which:

• Helps us to connect with a large number of people at one time.
• Helps individuals to form and shape their opinions, beliefs, and values.
• Helps children to directly interact with the world through various online portals.

Judicial decisions:

• It is a legal opinion written by a judge or judicial panel to resolve any dispute.
• It is influenced by political factors, legal issues, and sometimes personal factors.
• It is not a part of the changes brought to society by the mass media influence.