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The correct answer is Jallianwala Bagh massacre.

• The Hunter Commission was appointed after the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.
• After the terrible massacre at Jallianwala Bagh on 13^th April, 1919, the Legislative Council of the government of India constituted the Hunter Commission to examine the mishap that occurred there.
• On October 14, 1919, the Government of India announced the formation of the Disorders Inquiry Committee.
• The committee was commonly known as Hunter Commission after the name of chairman, Lord William Hunter. It also had Indian members.
• In the final report submitted in March 1920, the committee unanimously condemned Dyer’s actions.
• However, the Hunter Committee did not impose any penal or disciplinary action against General Dyer.

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​Jallianwala Bagh Massacre:​

• On April 9, 1919, two nationalist leaders, Saifuddin Kitchlew and Dr. Satyapal were arrested by the British officials without any provocation except that they had addressed protest meetings, and taken to some unknown destination.
• This caused resentment among the Indian protestors who came out in thousands on April 10 to show their solidarity with their leaders.
• Soon the protests turned violent because the police resorted to firing in which some of the protestors were killed. To curb any future protest government put martial law in place and law and order in Punjab was handed over to Brigadier-General Dyer.
• On 13^th April, Baisakhi day, a large crowd of people mostly from neighboring villages, unaware of the prohibitory orders in the Amritsar gathered in the Jallianwala Bagh.
• Brigadier-General Dyer arrived on the scene with his men. The troops surrounded the gathering under orders from General Dyer and blocked the only exit point and opened fire on the unarmed crowd killing more than 1000 unarmed men, women, and children.

The correct answer is V.D. Savarkar.

• 'Abhinav Bharat' was organized by V.D. Savarkar.
• It was a secret society founded by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar and his brother Ganesh Damodar Savarkar in 1904.
• Initially founded at Nasik as Mitra Mela, the society was associated with several revolutionaries and political activists with branches in various parts of India and London.

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V.D.Savarkar:

• VD Savarkar was born on 28^th May, 1883 in Bhagur, a village near Nashik in Maharashtra.
• Founded a secret society called Abhinav Bharat Society.
• Went to the United Kingdom and was involved with organizations such as India House and the Free India Society.
• Involved in the formation of Hindu Mahasabha.
• He was the president of Hindu Mahasabha from 1937 to 1943.
• Savarkar wrote a book titled ‘The History of the War of Indian Independence’ in which he wrote about the guerilla warfare tricks used in the 1857 Sepoy Mutiny.
• He also wrote the book ‘Hindutva: who is Hindu’.

The correct answer is Only Statement 2 is correct.

Key Points

• Plan Bee was developed by Northeast Frontier Railway (NFR).
• Plan Bee is an amplifying system that imitates the buzz of a swarm of honey bees to keep wild elephants away from railway tracks.
• Many studies suggest that elephants are scared of swarming bees thus this device was designed to generate an amplified sound of honey bees audible from about 700-800 meters.
• The first such instrument was installed at a level crossing west of Guwahati in Assam on a track adjoining Rani Reserve Forest, an elephant habitat.
• As per the study conducted Plan Bee device has been helpful in diverting herds of elephants, especially when trains approach and dashing becomes imminent. Also as per NFR officials, a mix of Plan Bee and other measures have helped them save 1,014 elephants from 2014 to June 2019.

The correct answer is Increasing problem of ammunition accidents.

• Philip Compose Task Force of Experts is associated with the increasing problem of ammunition accidents.
• Mandate of the task force: To evolve a methodology to prevent ammunition accidents and minimize its effects.
• Chairman: The Task Force was headed by Lt Gen Philip Compose, former Vice Chief of Army Staff.
• The Task Force Chairman, Lt Gen (Retd) Philip Campose explained the causes for ammunition accidents and brought out preventive and mitigative measures.
• The recommendations of the Task Force were appreciated by the Raksha Mantri and gave directions to expedite implementation.

The correct answer is Netherlands.

• “Operation Nightwatch” was going in Netherlands.
• Amsterdam’s famed Rijksmuseum began the biggest ever restoration of Rembrandt’s “The Night Watch”, erecting a huge glass cage around the painting so the public can see the work carried outlive.
• The Night Watch is a 1642 Dutch painting by Rembrandt van Rijn. It depicts the officers and other members of the so-called “Night Watch” militia.
• ​The Night Watch is one of the world’s most famous paintings. The painting is famous for three things:
• its colossal size (363 cm × 437 cm),
• the dramatic use of light and shadow (tenebrism) and
• the perception of motion in what would have traditionally been a static military group portrait.
• ​In July 2019 a long and complex restoration began Dubbed “Operation Night Watch”, the restoration is taking place in public, in a specially-made glass enclosure built and placed in the Rijksmuseum, and is being live-streamed.
• Experts have recently noticed changes to the painting, with a white haze appearing on some parts.

The correct answer is RBI.

• "Utkarsh 2022" is associated with RBI.
• Utkarsh 2022 is the three-year roadmap of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to improve regulation and supervision, among other functions of the central bank.
• It is a medium-term strategy in line with the global central bank's plan to strengthen the regulatory and supervisory mechanism.
• This specifically includes the central bank’s proactive role to avoid any other IL&FS debt default issue in the future.
• Earlier, an internal committee of RBI was formed under former Deputy Governor Viral Acharya, to identify issues that needed to be addressed over the next three years.

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Additional Information

Headquarters of:

The correct answer is Both the statements are correct.

• Vande Bharat Express runs between Delhi and Varanasi.
• It is India's fastest indigenous train.
• It is India’s first indigenously built engineless semi-high speed train. Earlier, it was known by the name Train 18.
• It runs between Delhi and Varanasi at a maximum speed of 160 kmph.
• It has been built by the Integral Coach Factory, Chennai, in a record time of 20 months.
• The train is a 100% ‘Make in India’ project and is claimed to be built at half the cost of a similar train set that is imported.
• It is energy-efficient as its coaches will be fitted with LED lights. Coaches will have automatic doors and retractable footsteps
• It will be inter-connected with fully sealed gangways along with a GPS-based Passenger Information System. It is provided with Bio toilets.

The correct answer is An Artificial Intelligence-powered tool to identify galaxy clusters.

• Researchers developed “Deep-CEE”, an Artificial Intelligence-powered tool to identify galaxy clusters quickly.
• This tool has been trained to look at colour images and identify galaxy clusters quickly.
• Its model is based on neural networks, which are designed to mimic the way a human brain learns to recognise objects by activating specific neurons when visualising distinctive patterns and colours.

The correct answer is Bear.

• Among the given options, Bear is not included in ‘immunocontraceptive measures’ by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.
• The Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change (MoEFCC) had launched a project for undertaking ‘immunocontraceptive measures’ for population management of wild animals.
• The project includes four species of wild animals, viz. Elephant, Wild boar, Monkeys and Blue Bull (Nilgai).
• The Wildlife Institute of India (WII) and the National Institute of Immunology (NII) developed a protocol of immunocontraception.

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Immunocontraception:

• Immunocontraception is a birth control method that uses the body's immune response to prevent pregnancy.
• It is a technology that uses a female animal’s immune system to build a protein around the egg that prevents it from fertilising.
• It is a humane, nonlethal solution to conflicts between people and wildlife as well as a solution to local problems of animal overabundance.
• Immunocontraception can also help reduce the overproduction of captive animals in zoos and other facilities.

The correct answer is 40.

• The Pink city, Jaipur (Rajasthan), has been declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
• India has 40 world heritage sites now.
• The city was nominated for its value of being an exemplary development in town planning and architecture that demonstrates an amalgamation and important exchange of ideas in the late medieval period.
• The status of World Heritage City boosts domestic and international tourism, strengthens the local economy and also provides employment to the people. The income of the handicrafts and handloom industry also gets the benefits of tourism.
• Jaipur has become the second city of the country after Ahmedabad to get the recognition.
• The walled city of Jaipur in Rajasthan, was founded in 1727 AD under the patronage of Sawai Jai Singh II. It also serves as the capital city of the state of Rajasthan.

Important Points

• Recently, Dholavira, Harappan City in the Rann of Kutchh, becomes India’s 40^th UNESCO World Heritage Site.

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UNESCO World Heritage Committee (WHC)

• The World Heritage Committee is composed of representatives of 21 States Parties to the World Heritage Convention who meet annually.
• The Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage is an international agreement that was adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO in 1972.
• It is based on the premise that certain places on Earth are of outstanding universal value and should therefore form part of the common heritage of humankind.
• It basically defines the kind of natural or cultural sites which can be considered for inscription on the World Heritage List.
• To date, 1,092 sites in 167 countries have been inscribed on the World Heritage List.