Search Previous Year Questions

The correct answer is Fifth.

• The fifth Schedule of the Constitution of India contains special provisions for the administration and control of scheduled areas in some states.

Key Points

• The Fifth Schedule under Article 244(1) of the Constitution defines Scheduled Areas.
• Article 244 (1) of the Indian Constitution defines Scheduled Areas as the areas defined by the President of India and are mentioned in the fifth schedule of the Constitution.
• Scheduled Areas as such areas as the President may by order declare to be Scheduled Areas after consultation with the Governor of that State.
• The provisions regarding the administration and control of Scheduled and Tribal Areas of any state except Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram four states are mentioned under this schedule.

Additional Information

• The Sixth Schedule under Article 244 (2) of the Constitution defines Tribal areas.
• The Sixth Schedule mentions the provisions related to the tribal areas of the four states – Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram.
• The tribal areas in these four states come under the name of ‘Autonomous Districts, but the state still has its executive authority over them.
• The Third Schedule contains the forms of Oaths or Affirmations.
• The Ninth Schedule contains provisions as to the validation of certain Acts and Regulations.
• The Seventh Schedule contains the Union list, State list, and the concurrent list.

The correct answer is Social and economic democracy.

• The purpose of the inclusion of Directive Principles of State Policy in the Indian Constitution is to establish social and economic democracy.

Key Points

• Directive Principles are mentioned in Part IV from Article 36 to Article 51 of the Indian Constitution.
• These principles differ from fundamental rights which are discussed in an earlier chapter. While fundamental rights are enforceable, Directive Principles are not enforceable by the courts.
• Directive principles are in the nature of instruments of instructions to the government of the day to do something positive.

Additional Information

• Directive Principles are directions given by the constitution to the state.
• Directive Principles attempt to provide socio-economic foundations to Indian democracy.
• The Directive Principles are non-justiciable by the judicial process does not mean that they are of subordinate importance.

The correct answer is Article 14 to Article 18.

Key Points

• Article 14 to Article 18 of the Constitution of India guarantees the right to equality to every citizen of India.
• This deals with the general principles of equality.
• Article 14 of the constitution states that:
• The State shall not deny to any person equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws within the territory of India.
• This article constitutes of 2 parts, being:
• Equality before law and
• Equal protection of the laws
• Article 15 prohibits discrimination against citizens on such specific grounds as religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.
• Article 16 guarantees equality of opportunity in matters of employment under the state. The right is available to citizens only.
• Article 17 deals with a peculiar problem of our country. Howsoever praiseworthy the caste system in its origin might have been, it certainly proved to be a disgrace to humanity, a threat to unity, and a serious hindrance to the social, educational, and economic progress of our country.
• Article 18 abolishes titles, other than a military or academic distinction.

The correct answer is Freedom of trade and profession.

• A British citizen staying in India cannot claim the Right to Freedom of trade and profession.

Key Points

• The Constitution of India, therefore taking into consideration the need and the importance of work, enshrines and has guaranteed a fundamental right under Article 19( 1) (g) to practise any profession, or to carry on any occupation, trade, or business, to all the citizens residing with the jurisdiction of the country.
• This right aims at the welfare and well-being of the citizens as well as the nation as a whole.
• Under this article, every citizen has the right to choose employment, or take up any trade or occupation, etc as per his volition and free will, but at the same time, the State has the right to impose certain limits, which it feels necessary for the interest of the public.
• This article does not guarantee a monopoly to any individual to carry on any occupation.
• The right to carry on a business also includes the right to close it, at any time depending upon the desire of the owner.
• The State cannot compel any citizen to run a business that is against his will. But as no right is absolute, the right to close a business is also not an absolute right.

Additional Information

• Article 19:  Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech etc
• All citizens shall have the following right:
• To freedom of speech and expression
• To assemble peaceably and without arms
• To form associations or unions
• To move freely throughout the territory of India
• To reside and settle in any part of the territory of India
• Omitted
• To practise any profession, or to carry on any occupation, trade or business

The correct answer is Andhra Pradesh.

• The Panchayati Raj was first introduced in the states of Rajasthan and Andhra Pradesh.

Key Points

• After the Constitution came into force, Article 40 made a mention of panchayats, and Article 246 empowers the state legislature to legislate with respect to any subject relating to local self-government.
• In 1953, the Rajasthan Panchayat Act was enacted and village Panchayats were established throughout the state.
• The system later came to be known as Panchayati Raj, which was inaugurated by the then Prime Minister Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru on 2 October 1959 at Nagour in Rajasthan.
• The first elections under the Rajasthan Panchayat Samitis and Zilla Parishads Act, 1959 were held in September-October 1959.
• With the already existing Panchayats at the village level under the Rajasthan Panchayat Act, 1953, the three-tier scheme of Panchayati Raj began functioning on 2 October 1959.

Additional Information

• The Constitution (73^rd Amendment) Act, 1992 has added a new part IX consisting of 16 Articles and the Eleventh Schedule to the Constitution.
• The 73^th Amendment envisages the Gram Sabha as the foundation of the Panchayat Raj System to perform functions and powers entrusted to it by the State Legislatures.

The correct answer is 51

Article 51 of the Directive Principles of State Policy deals with the promotion of international peace and security.

Key Points

Article 51: Promotion of international peace and security The State shall endeavor to:

(a) promote international peace and security;

(b) maintain just and honorable relations between nations;

(c) foster respect for international law and treaty obligations in the dealings of organized peoples with one another; and encourage settlement of international disputes by arbitration Part IVA Fundamental DUties. 

Additional Information

• Article 48A: Protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wildlife The State shall endeavor to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country.
• Article 43A: The State shall take steps, by suitable legislation or in any other way, to secure the participation of workers in the management of undertakings, establishments, or other organizations engaged in any industry.
• Article 41: Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain cases The State shall, within the limits of its economic capacity and development, make effective provision for securing the right to work, to education and to public assistance in cases of unemployment, old age, sickness and disablement, and in other cases of undeserved want.

The correct answer is Consolidated Fund of the State

• The salaries and allowances of the Judges of the High Court are charged upon the Consolidated Fund of the State.

Key Points

• Authority of Parliament is required for withdrawing any amount from the Consolidated Fund.
• Consolidated Fund of India is formed under the Constitution.
• The taxes received by the government including central tax, income tax, excise tax, and certain non-tax revenues are credited in Consolidated Fund.
• All expenditures of the Government are incurred from this fund.
• The Secretary to the Government of India, Ministry of Finance, Department of Economic Affairs holds the Consolidated Fund on behalf of the President of India.
• The provision for this fund is given in Article 266(1) of the Constitution of India.
• Each state can have its own Consolidated Fund of the state with similar provisions.

Additional Information

• There are three types of funds of the Central Government:

1. Consolidated Fund of India (Article 266),
2. Contingency Fund of India (Article 267), and
3. Public Accounts of India (Article 266)

• All other public money other than those covered under the Consolidated Fund of India received by or on behalf of the Indian Government is credited to the Public account/fund.
• This is constituted under Article 266(2) of the Constitution.
• The contingency Fund of India is used to meet unexpected or unforeseen expenditure.
• Provision for this fund is made in Article 267(1) of the Constitution of India.
• The Secretary of, Finance Ministry holds this fund on behalf of the President of India.
• Each state can have its own contingency fund.

The correct answer is Magadh

• Magadh was initially the most powerful city/State of India in the sixth century B.C.

Key Points

• Magadha, the ancient kingdom of India, situated in what is now west-central Bihar state, in northeastern India.
• It was the nucleus of several larger kingdoms or empires between the 6^th century BCE and the 8^th century CE.
• The supremacy of Magadha continued under the Nanda (4^th century BCE) and Mauryan (4^th–2^nd century BCE) dynasties; under the Mauryan dynasty, the empire included almost the entire subcontinent of India.
• The early centuries CE saw the decline of Magadha, but the rise of the Gupta dynasty in the 4^th century brought it once more to a position of preeminence.

The correct answer is Bhaskaracharya.

• Bhaskaracharya was the leading mathematician of the 12^th century, who wrote the first work with full and systematic use of the decimal number system.

​

Key Points

• He was the lineal successor of the noted Indian mathematician Brahmagupta (598–c. 665) as head of an astronomical observatory at Ujjain, the leading mathematical center of ancient India.
• He has been attached to his name to distinguish him from the 7^th-century astronomer of the same name.
• He is particularly known for the discovery of the principles of differential calculus and its application to astronomical problems and computations.

Additional Information

• Dhanvantari is the Hindu god of medicine who has also been the king of Varanasi is an avatar of Lord Vishnu.
• He is mentioned in the Puranas as the god of Ayurveda.
• Charaka was one of the principal contributors to Ayurveda, a system of medicine and lifestyle developed in Ancient India.
• He is known as the compiler or editor of the medical treatise entitled Charaka Samhita.
• Sushruta, also spelled Suśruta, an ancient Indian surgeon known for his pioneering operations and techniques and for his influential treatise Sushruta-Samhita, the main source of knowledge about surgery in ancient India.

The correct answer is Tipu Sultan. 

• Indian ruler Tipu Sultan established embassies in foreign countries on modern lines.

Key Points

• In 1767 Tippu commanded a corps of cavalry against the Marathas in the Carnatic (Karnataka) region of western India, and he fought against the Marathas on several occasions between 1775 and 1779.
• During the second Mysore War, he defeated Col. John Brathwaite on the banks of the Kollidam (Coleroon) River (February 1782).
• He succeeded his father in December 1782 and in 1784 concluded peace with the British and assumed the title of the sultan of Mysore.

Additional Information

• Hyder Ali was the Sultan and de facto ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore in southern India. Born as Hyder Ali Khan, he distinguished himself militarily, eventually drawing the attention of Mysore's rulers.
• In 1763 Mir Qasim nawab of Bengal, made Munger his capital and built an arsenal and several palaces. It was constituted a municipality in 1864.
• Shah Alam II was the sixteenth Mughal Emperor and the son of Alamgir II. Shah Alam II became the emperor of a crumbling Mughal empire.