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The Correct answer is Karnataka.

Key Points

• The Kaiga Nuclear Power Project is situated in the Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka, India.
• This nuclear power station is operated by the Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL).
• Kaiga is one of India's major nuclear power plants, contributing to the country's energy demands through nuclear technology.
• The Kaiga Nuclear Power Plant consists of four units, each with a capacity of 220 MW, utilizing Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs).
• It plays an important role in reducing dependence on fossil fuels and ensuring sustainable energy production.
• This power station is known for its eco-friendly operation, as it significantly reduces carbon emissions compared to conventional energy sources.
• The site is located near the Western Ghats, a region known for its biodiversity and ecological significance.

Additional Information

• Bihar
• Bihar is not home to any major nuclear power plants.
• Bihar is known for its historical significance, including places like Bodh Gaya, where Gautama Buddha attained enlightenment.
• The state is rich in cultural heritage but does not feature nuclear energy infrastructure like Karnataka.
• Assam
• Assam is renowned for its oil refineries, tea plantations, and biodiversity.
• However, it does not house any nuclear power plants; its focus is more on conventional and renewable energy sources.
• Gujarat
• Gujarat is home to the Kakrapar Atomic Power Station (KAPS), which is a nuclear power plant.
• While Gujarat has nuclear energy infrastructure, it is different from the Kaiga Nuclear Power Project located in Karnataka.
• Gujarat is known for being an industrial hub and has various energy projects, including solar and wind energy farms.

The Correct Answer is e-Rakt Kosh.

In News

• India set to integrate rare blood donor registry with e-Rakt Kosh.

Key Points

• The Health Ministry is integrating the Rare Donor Registry with the e-Rakt Kosh platform.
• e-Rakt Kosh is a national online platform for blood bank management.
• It was developed by C-DAC under the National Health Mission (NHM).
• The integration helps people with rare blood groups access centralized information on blood banks, blood availability, and donation camps.
• A rare blood group is one that occurs in fewer than 1 in 1,000 people.
• Rarity depends on ethnicity, region, and the presence or absence of specific antigens on red blood cells.
• Blood is considered rare when common antigens are missing or unusual antigen combinations are present.
• Examples include Rhnull, Bombay (Oh), and Jr(a-) blood groups.
• e-Rakt Kosh is the official portal for all blood-related services in India.

The correct answer is Barakar.

Key Points

• The Barakar River is the largest tributary of the Damodar River.
• It originates from the Hazaribagh Plateau in the state of Jharkhand.
• The river flows through Jharkhand and West Bengal before merging with the Damodar River.
• It plays an important role in the Damodar Valley Project as two major dams, Tilaiya and Maithon, are built on this river.
• The Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC) utilizes the Barakar River for purposes like power generation, irrigation, and flood control.
• The Barakar River basin is known for its rich deposits of coal and minerals, making it an economically significant region in eastern India.

 Additional Information

• Barak River
• The Barak River is one of the major rivers in northeastern India.
• It originates from the Manipur hills and flows through the Indian states of Manipur, Nagaland, Mizoram, and Assam.
• The Barak River later bifurcates into the Surma and Kushiyara rivers in Assam and enters Bangladesh.
• It is a part of the Brahmaputra River system.
• Arun River
• The Arun River originates from the Tibetan Plateau and flows through Nepal before joining the Sapt Koshi River.
• It is one of the major tributaries of the Koshi River.
• The Arun River is known for its high altitude and swift currents, making it significant for hydroelectric power generation in Nepal.
• Sankosh River
• The Sankosh River originates in Bhutan and flows through India before joining the Brahmaputra River.
• It is also known as the Gadadhar River in its lower course.
• The river is important for irrigation and hydropower projects in the region.

• Article 15 of the Indian Constitution prohibits discrimination on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex and place of birth.
• Article 15 is present in the Indian Constitution under Part III which deals with the fundamental rights of the people of India.
• The concept and purpose of Article 15 is to prevent the government from making discrimination on the basis of religion, race, caste, sex, or birth place.
• One of the clauses clearly states that no citizen shall be subject to “any disability, liability, restriction or condition” on the basis of religion, race, caste, sex, and place of birth.
• Their access to public properties like shops, restaurants and entertainment hubs should not be restricted on grounds of religion or caste.
• The Article also guarantees special provisions for women, children and socially disadvantaged classes.

The correct answer is Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).

In News

• The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) launched AIM4NatuRe to enhance the monitoring and reporting of global ecosystem restoration efforts.

Key Points

• FAO launched the AIM4NatuRe initiative on Earth Day, with GBP 7 million from the United Kingdom to improve ecosystem restoration monitoring.
• AIM4NatuRe aims to provide technical expertise and resources to countries, helping them track and report ecosystem restoration progress accurately.
• The initiative will complement the existing AIM4Forests programme and focus on a range of ecosystems, from reforestation to marine restoration.
• AIM4NatuRe prioritizes data interoperability, enabling global collaboration and enhancing transparency in restoration efforts.

Additional Information

• United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
• Founded in - 1972
• HQ - Nairobi, Kenya
• Executive Director - Inger Andersen
• World Wildlife Fund (WWF)
• Founded in - 1961
• HQ - Gland, Switzerland
• Director-General - Kirsten Schuijt
• International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)
• Founded in - 1948
• HQ - Gland, Switzerland
• CEO - Bruno Oberle

The Correct Answer is Mariangela Hungria.

In News

• Brazilian microbiologist Mariangela Hungria, has been named the 2025 World Food Prize Laureate.

Key Points

• Mariangela Hungria, a Brazilian microbiologist, won the 2025 World Food Prize.
• She developed seed and soil treatments using good bacteria like rhizobia and Azospirillum brasilense.
• These help soybeans fix nitrogen naturally and improve root growth in crops like corn.
• Her work improves nutrient and water uptake, leading to better crop growth.
• The World Food Prize honors efforts to improve food quality, quantity, and availability.
• It was established in 1986 by Dr. Norman E. Borlaug, a Nobel Peace Prize winner.
• It is known as the "Nobel Prize for Food and Agriculture".
• The prize carries a $500,000 award, given in mid-October around World Food Day$.

The correct answer is Jawaharlal Nehru.

Key Points

• Jawaharlal Nehru was the chairman of the Union Constitution Committee of the Constituent Assembly.

Additional Information

• B. R. Ambedkar:
• He was the chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Constituent Assembly and is often referred to as the principal architect of the Indian Constitution.
• J. B. Kripalani:
• He was a prominent freedom fighter and the president of the Indian National Congress during the time of independence.
• Alladi Krishnaswami Ayyar:
• He was a member of the Drafting Committee and played a significant role in the framing of the Indian Constitution.

The Correct Answer is Ministry of Education.

In News

• Gurukul Students To Get Research Opportunities In IITs, Scholarships Up To Rs 2 Lakh.

Key Points

• Ministry of Education and IKS division of Central Sanskrit University launched the Setubandha Scholar Scheme.
• Aims to integrate Gurukul-trained students into mainstream academia.
• Open to those trained in traditional Vidyās and Kalās under the Gurukula system.
• Scholars can pursue Postgraduate and Ph.D. studies, even at top institutes like IITs.
• Degrees will be awarded by the Central Sanskrit University.
• Monthly fellowship: ₹40,000 to ₹65,000.
• Annual contingency grant: ₹1 lakh for PG, ₹2 lakh for PhD.
• Eligibility:
• Max age: 32 years
• Minimum 5 years of study under a Guru/Gurukul
• No formal degree required
• Must show excellence in traditional knowledge
• Applications open until August 15.
• Scheme serves as a bridge between ancient traditions and modern research.
• Supports the revival and mainstreaming of Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS).

The correct answer is - Shamsuddin Iltutmish

Key Points

• Shamsuddin Iltutmish
• Shamsuddin Iltutmish was a prominent ruler of the Delhi Sultanate and the founder of the Turkish currency system in India.
• He introduced two significant coins during his reign:
• Silver Tanka - A coin made of pure silver.
• Copper Jital - A coin made of copper.
• These coins became the basis of the monetary system in the Delhi Sultanate and were widely circulated across North India.
• Iltutmish's currency reforms established a standardized coinage, which enhanced trade and economic stability in his empire.

Additional Information

• Delhi Sultanate Currency System
• The Delhi Sultanate introduced a centralized and standardized currency system, which was crucial for maintaining administrative control and promoting trade.
• Coins were made of precious metals such as silver, gold, and copper, ensuring their intrinsic value.
• Shamsuddin Iltutmish's Contributions
• Iltutmish was the first ruler to be formally recognized by the Caliph, which legitimized his authority in the Delhi Sultanate.
• He consolidated the empire by repelling invasions and bringing stability to the newly established Sultanate.
• He is also known for constructing the Qutub Minar, a significant architectural achievement during his reign.
• Historical Context of Currency
• Before Iltutmish, coins in India were mostly regional and lacked standardization.
• His introduction of the Silver Tanka and Copper Jital set the foundation for a more organized monetary system, which was later adopted by successors like Alauddin Khilji.

The correct answer is Vitamin A.

Key Points

• Retinol is an active form of Vitamin A, essential for maintaining healthy vision, skin, and immune function.
• It is a fat-soluble vitamin, stored in the liver, and released into the bloodstream as needed.
• Retinol plays a critical role in the visual cycle, particularly in the retina, where it helps in the formation of rhodopsin, a pigment necessary for low-light and color vision.
• Vitamin A (including retinol) is obtained from animal sources like liver, fish oil, dairy products, and fortified foods.
• Deficiency of Vitamin A can lead to disorders such as night blindness and, in severe cases, total blindness.

Additional Information

• Vitamin A Forms: Vitamin A exists in two primary forms: preformed Vitamin A (retinol and retinyl esters) from animal products, and provitamin A carotenoids (like beta-carotene) from plant sources.
• Biological Functions: Apart from vision, Vitamin A supports cell differentiation, reproduction, and the functioning of the heart, lungs, and kidneys.
• Recommended Intake: The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for Vitamin A varies by age, sex, and life stage. For adults, it is approximately 700-900 µg/day (micrograms).
• Toxicity Risk: Excessive intake of Vitamin A, particularly preformed retinol, can lead to hypervitaminosis A, causing symptoms like nausea, headaches, and, in severe cases, liver damage.
• Global Health Impact: Vitamin A deficiency is a significant public health issue in developing countries, leading to increased susceptibility to infections and childhood mortality.