Search Previous Year Questions

The correct answer is New Delhi

In News

• PM Narendra Modi will inaugurate the Bharat Mobility Global Expo 2025 on 17 January at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi.

Key Points

• The expo will be held from January 17-22, 2025 across three venues: Bharat Mandapam, Yashobhoomi in Delhi, and India Expo Center and Mart in Greater Noida.
• The event will feature nine concurrent shows, 20+ conferences and pavilions, and state sessions showcasing policies and initiatives in the mobility sector.
• The theme of the expo is “Beyond Boundaries: Co-creating Future Automotive Value Chain”, focusing on sustainability and technological innovation in the automotive and mobility industry.
• The expo aims to unite the entire mobility value chain and is positioned as India's largest mobility exhibition.
• This year's event will highlight global significance with participation from exhibitors and visitors worldwide.
• The expo is an industry-led and government-supported initiative, coordinated by the Engineering Export Promotion Council of India with support from various industry bodies and partners.
• PM Modi had previously expressed pride in the event for showcasing India’s automotive innovation, and announced a Rs 1 lakh crore investment in research and innovation for the mobility sector, along with expanding tax exemptions for startups.

Additional Information

• India’s automobile sales surged by 11.6% in 2024, reaching a record 2.5 crore units, with two-wheeler sales leading the growth at 14.5%.
• Passenger vehicles and three-wheelers also posted their highest-ever sales, contributing to India's position as the world’s third-largest car market.

The correct answer is to assemble peaceably and without arms

Key Points

• Article 19(1)(b) of the Indian Constitution is related to the right to assemble peaceably and without arms.
• Freedom of speech and expression
• Article 19(1)(a) of the Constitution guarantees the right to express one's opinions, thoughts, and ideas. This includes the freedom to express oneself through speech, writing, printing, visual representations, or any other means.
• Reasonable restrictions
• Reasonable restrictions can be imposed on the right to freedom of speech and expression.
• These restrictions can be imposed for the interests of: 
• Sovereignty and integrity of India
• Security of the State
• Friendly relations with foreign nations
• Public order
• Decency or morality
• Contempt of court
• Defamation
• Incitement to an offence
• Right to silence
• The right to speak includes the right not to speak or the right to remain silent.

The correct answer is 2030.

In News

• Union Minister Piyush Goyal announced a target to achieve 10,000 GI tags by 2030.
• To oversee the expansion of GI tags, the government will form a special committee.
• Currently, India has 605 GI tags, and the number of authorized users has jumped from 365 to 29,000.

Key Points

• 10,000 GI tags by 2030: A major initiative to promote India’s unique products.
• Formation of a committee: To streamline the process of new GI registrations and ensure consistent growth.
• Collaboration with FSSAI and BIS: Intended to improve branding and tackle the issue of counterfeit products.
• Private sector involvement: E-commerce platforms and Indian embassies worldwide are being engaged to boost the global presence of GI products.

Additional Information

• Geographical Indication (GI) Tags
• GI tags are used to denote products that have a specific geographical origin and possess qualities or a reputation due to that origin.
• Examples include Darjeeling Tea, Mysore Silk, and Banarasi Sarees, which are famous for their distinctive traits and heritage.
• Importance of GI Tags
• They help protect and promote traditional products, boost local economies, and preserve cultural heritage.
• GI-labeled products often command premium prices in domestic and international markets.

The correct answer is 2015.

Key Points

• Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection) Act 2015 ​
• The Juvenile Justice Act (Children's Care and Protection) Act 2015 passed the Indian parliament amid fierce controversy, debate and protest against many provisions from the child rights community.
• It replaced the Indian juvenile delinquency law, Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000, and allows for juveniles in conflict with Law in the age group of 16-18, involved in Heinous Offences, to be tried as adults.
• The Act also includes the Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act, 1956 (applicable to Hindus, Buddhists, Jains and Sikhs) and the Guardians and Guardians Act (1890) (applicable to Muslims). It also aimed to make adoption laws generally available in India, including ) passed it. , but does not replace them.

The correct answer is Post office savings.

Key Points

• High powered money refers to the total liability of the monetary authority, which includes the currency held by the public, cash reserves of banks, and other deposits with the RBI.
• Post office savings are not included in high powered money as they are not liabilities of the central bank or part of the monetary base.
• High powered money plays a crucial role in determining the money supply in the economy through the money multiplier effect.
• Components of high powered money include: currency in circulation, bankers' deposits with the RBI, and other deposits of the RBI.

Additional Information

• High Powered Money (Reserve Money):
• It is also known as "monetary base" or "reserve money."
• It is created by the central bank (RBI in India) and is the foundation for the money supply in the economy.
• Components of High Powered Money:
• Currency in circulation: Notes and coins held by the public.
• Bankers' deposits with the RBI: Reserves held by commercial banks with the central bank.
• Other deposits of the RBI: Deposits held by government and financial institutions with the RBI.
• Post Office Savings:
• These include savings accounts and fixed deposits maintained with post offices under various government schemes.
• They are not considered part of high powered money as they are not liabilities of the central bank.
• Money Multiplier Effect:
• The process by which the banking system creates money supply based on the reserve base provided by high powered money.
• A higher money multiplier indicates greater efficiency in the banking system to create money.

The correct answer is Jammu and Kashmir

In News

• The Anji Khad Rail Bridge is India’s first cable-stayed rail bridge, located in Reasi district, Jammu and Kashmir.

Key Points

• Part of the Udampur-Srinagar-Baramulla Rail Link (USBRL) Project, the bridge aims to boost regional connectivity, economic development, and tourism.
• Key Specifications:
• Total length: 725.5 metres.
• Main pylon height: 193 metres above the foundation.
• Connects Katra and Reasi, easing travel between these locations.
• Engineering Challenges:
• The region's geological features, including faults, folds, and seismic activity, posed significant construction challenges.
• IIT Roorkee and Delhi conducted detailed investigations, leading to a hybrid foundation at the Katra end for stability.
• Structural Details:
• Consists of four sections:
• 120-metre ancillary viaduct on Reasi side.
• 38-metre approach bridge on Katra end.
• 473.25-metre main cable-stayed portion.
• 94.25-metre central embankment.
• Deck width: 15 metres, accommodating a single railway line, a service road, and footpaths.
• Advanced Construction Techniques:
• DOKA Jump form shuttering and pump concreting systems sped up construction by 30%.
• A state-of-the-art tower crane from Spain was used for high-altitude work up to 193 metres.
• Safety Features:
• Equipped with an integrated monitoring system using sensors to ensure structural health.
• Designed to withstand wind speeds up to 213 km/h.

The correct answer is Australia

Key Points

• The idea of the Concurrent list was borrowed from the Australian Constitution.
• The Concurrent list has 52 items and it falls under the common jurisdiction of both the State and Union governments.
• Both can make laws related to subjects in the concurrent list.
• In the case of a conflict, the laws made by the Union government are valid.
• The important features borrowed from Australia are:
• The concept of concurrent list.
• The idea of joint sitting.
• Trade and commerce.

Additional Information

• The important features borrowed from the South Africa are:
• Election of Members to Rajya Sabha.
• The procedure of Amendment:
• The important features borrowed from Japan are:
• Procedure Established by Law:
• The important features borrowed from Ireland are:
• Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP
• Proportional Representation System for Electing the President.
• Nomination of Members to Rajya Sabha

The correct answer is Hampi.

Key Points:

• Hampi was the capital of the Vijayanagara kingdom.
• It served as the capital of the Vijayanagara Empire in the 14^th century
• Hampi was a city located in northern Karnataka.
• Hampi is a famous pilgrimage centre of the Hindu and Jain religions.
• It is situated on the banks of the Tungabhadra River.
• Hampi-Vijayanagara was considered the world's second-largest medieval-era city after Beijing By 1500 CE.
• Group of Monuments at Hampi was added to UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 1986.
• The site has about 1,600 monuments.

Additional InformationMagadha:

• Rajagriha or modern-day Rajgir was the first capital of Magadha.
• Pataliputra was a city in ancient India, built by Magadha ruler Udayin in 490 BCE as a small fort near the Ganges river.
• Patliputra was the capital of major powers in ancient India, like the Nanda Empire, the Shishunaga Empire, the Maurya Empire, the Gupta Empire, and the Pala Empire.
• Patliputra renamed Patna by Sher Shah Suri.
• Patliputra became one of the largest cities in the world during the Maurya period.
• Magadha was counted as one of the sixteen Mahajanapadas, and the kingdom was in southern Bihar in ancient India.

Kanchi:

• The capital city of the Pallavas was Kanchipuram.
• The Pallavas emerged as a formidable power in the South around the 4^th century AD and were at the height of their power in the seventh century AD.
• They were able to sustain their rule for about 500 years.
• They built great cities, centres of learning, temples, and sculptures and influenced a large part of Southeast Asia in culture.

The correct answer is Option 1

Key Points

• Article21A - It provides free and compulsory education of all children in the age group of six to fourteen years as a Fundamental Right in such a manner as the State may, by law, determine.
• Originally, Article 45 of the Indian Constitution and Article 39 (f) of the DPSP provided for state-funded, equal, and accessible education.
• The Ramamurti Committee Report, published in 1990, was the first formal document addressing the right to education.
• In the landmark case of Unnikrishnan JP v. the State of Andhra Pradesh & Others, the Supreme Court ruled that education is a fundamental right derived from Article 21.
• The Tapas Majumdar Committee was established in 1999, with the goal of inserting Article 21A.
• Under 2002, the 86^th amendment to India's constitution designated education as a basic right in Part III of the Constitution.
• As a result, this clause recognises only primary education as a Fundamental Right, not further or professional education.
• The 86^th amendment paved the way for the Right to Education Bill 2008 to be followed by the Right to Education Act 2009.
• Other Aspects -

1. In Mohini Jain v. State of Karnataka (1992), Supreme Court ruled that even though the right to education is not distinctly mentioned in the Constitution, it can be deciphered through the Preamble and a bare reading of DPSP in Part IV.
2. The obiter dicta in the case of Ashok Kumar Thakur v. Union of India (2008) were that all children falling under the age group mentioned in the Article 21A must take schooling and education must be of a quality.
3. The Apex Court added the right to have the safe learning environment under right to education through the case of Avinash Mehrotra v. Union of India (2009)

Additional Information

• Other Constitutional Provisions to promote and develop the educational structure -

1. Article 28: guarantees the freedom to attend religious instruction or worship in educational institutions.
2. Article 29: This article guarantees equitable access to educational institutions.
3. Article 30: Recognize minorities' freedom to create and manage educational institutions.
4. Article 46: Discusses particular consideration for the advancement of education and economic interests of Scheduled Tribes, Scheduled Castes, OBCs, and the weakest sections of society.
5. Article 337: This article governs the particular provision of educational subsidies for the Anglo-Indian community.

The Correct answer is Enamel of teeth.

Key Points

• Enamel is the outermost layer of the teeth and the hardest substance in the human body.
• It is primarily made up of hydroxyapatite, which is a crystalline form of calcium phosphate.
• Enamel acts as a protective layer for the inner layers of the teeth, safeguarding them from mechanical damage, acid erosion, and bacterial decay.
• It is non-living tissue and does not regenerate once damaged, which makes dental care essential for its preservation.
• The thickness of enamel varies, typically being thicker on the biting surfaces of the teeth and thinner near the roots.
• Despite its strength, enamel can wear down over time due to factors like abrasion, acidic foods, and poor oral hygiene.

Additional Information

• Skull bones
• Skull bones are part of the human skeletal system and protect vital organs like the brain.
• The skull is made up of 22 bones, which include the cranial bones and facial bones.
• Although they are strong, they are not as hard as the enamel of the teeth.
• Thumb nails
• Thumb nails are composed of keratin, a type of protein that also makes up hair and the outer layer of skin.
• While nails are tough and protect the fingertips, they are much softer compared to enamel.
• Rib bones
• Rib bones are part of the ribcage, which protects the heart and lungs.
• Ribs are flexible and relatively strong, but they are not as hard as tooth enamel.