Search Previous Year Questions

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

1. Forms of oath → 3^rd Schedule

• ✔️ Correct. The Third Schedule specifies forms of oath or affirmation for Union/State ministers, MPs, MLAs, judges, etc.

2. Allocation of seats in the Council of States → 4^th Schedule

• ✔️ Correct. The Fourth Schedule deals with allocation of seats in the Rajya Sabha (Council of States).

3. Administration of scheduled areas → 6^th Schedule

• ❌ Incorrect.
• Fifth Schedule → Administration and control of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes.
• Sixth Schedule → Administration of Tribal Areas in Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram (Autonomous District Councils).

4. Union List → 7^th Schedule

• ✔️ Correct. The Seventh Schedule contains Union, State, and Concurrent Lists.

✅ Correct Answer:

• 3. Administration of scheduled areas – 6^th schedule
• (It should be 5^th Schedule, not 6^th.)

The Correct answer is 101^st Constitutional Amendment.

Key Points

• The 101^st Constitutional Amendment Act, passed in 2016, introduced the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India, marking a landmark reform in the country's indirect taxation system.
• GST is a comprehensive, multi-stage, destination-based tax that is levied on every value addition. It subsumed numerous indirect taxes like excise duty, service tax, VAT, etc.
• The GST aims to create a unified national market, simplifying tax compliance and reducing economic distortions by eliminating cascading tax effects.
• Through this amendment, a new Article 246A was inserted into the Constitution, granting both the Union and the States the power to legislate on GST.
• The GST Council was established under Article 279A as a constitutional body responsible for making recommendations on GST rates, exemptions, thresholds, and other aspects.
• The GST Council is chaired by the Union Finance Minister and includes State Finance Ministers as members, ensuring a federal structure for tax governance.
• This amendment was pivotal in transforming India's taxation system and is considered one of the most significant economic reforms in post-independence India.

Additional Information

• 100^th Constitutional Amendment
• The 100^th Amendment of the Constitution dealt with the India-Bangladesh Land Boundary Agreement. It was ratified in 2015, facilitating the exchange of enclaves between the two countries.
• This amendment resolved a long-standing border dispute and aimed to improve bilateral relations between India and Bangladesh.
• 102^nd Constitutional Amendment
• The 102^nd Amendment, enacted in 2018, provided constitutional status to the National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC).
• It inserted Article 338B and 342A into the Constitution, empowering NCBC to address grievances and recommend measures for the welfare of backward classes.
• 103^rd Constitutional Amendment
• The 103^rd Amendment, passed in 2019, introduced the provision for 10% reservation in government jobs and educational institutions for the Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) of society.
• It inserted Articles 15(6) and 16(6), enabling affirmative action for economically disadvantaged individuals who are not covered under existing reservation schemes.

The Correct answer is Bal Gangadhar Tilak.

Key Points

• Bal Gangadhar Tilak, popularly known as the “Father of Indian Unrest”, was one of the most prominent freedom fighters of India.
• Tilak organized the two important festivals: Ganesh Utsav and Shivaji Jayanti, to unite people and instill a sense of nationalism.
• The Ganesh Utsav was intended to bring people together, cutting across caste and class barriers, and to promote the spirit of patriotism through cultural and social activities.
• Through the celebration of Shivaji Jayanti, Tilak aimed to inspire people by reminding them of the valor and leadership of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, the great Maratha ruler who fought against foreign domination.
• Tilak used these festivals as a platform for political awareness and the promotion of the Swaraj (self-rule) movement.
• He was deeply committed to the idea of combining religion, culture, and politics to galvanize public support for India's freedom struggle.
• Tilak’s efforts in organizing such festivals were instrumental in fostering unity among Indians during the British colonial era.

Additional Information

• Lal Bahadur Shastri
• Lal Bahadur Shastri was the second Prime Minister of India and is best remembered for his slogan "Jai Jawan Jai Kisan" during the Indo-Pak war of 1965.
• He was known for his simplicity and integrity and played a significant role in India's Green Revolution to boost agricultural production.
• Shastri was awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honor, posthumously in 1966.
• Lala Lajpat Rai
• Lala Lajpat Rai, also known as the "Lion of Punjab", was a prominent leader of the Indian independence movement.
• He was associated with the Swadeshi Movement and was one of the leaders of the Lal-Bal-Pal trio (Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal).
• He led the protest against the Simon Commission in 1928 and succumbed to injuries sustained during police brutality.
• Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
• Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar was a prominent social reformer and educator in 19^th-century India.
• He was instrumental in the passage of the Hindu Widow Remarriage Act, 1856, which allowed widows to remarry.
• Vidyasagar made significant contributions to the field of education, including the introduction of modern Bengali prose and advocating for women's education.

The correct answer is Bases which are soluble in water.

Key Points

• Alkaloids are naturally occurring organic compounds containing nitrogen, mostly found in plants.
• They typically act as weak bases due to the presence of an amine group in their structure.
• Most alkaloids are soluble in water, especially in their salt form (e.g., hydrochloride salts).
• These compounds often have pharmacological properties and are widely used in medicine (e.g., morphine, quinine, caffeine).
• Alkaloids can form salts with acids, enhancing their solubility in water and increasing their bioavailability.

Additional Information

• Definition of Alkaloids: Alkaloids are nitrogenous organic compounds derived from plants, fungi, or microorganisms. They are known for their bitter taste and physiological effects on humans and animals.
• Types of Alkaloids: Examples include purine alkaloids (caffeine), tropane alkaloids (atropine), and isoquinoline alkaloids (morphine).
• Uses: Alkaloids are used in various fields such as medicine (pain relief, anti-malaria), agriculture (pesticides), and research.
• Solubility: Free alkaloids are often insoluble in water but become water-soluble when converted to their salt forms through reactions with acids.
• Common Sources: Found in plants like coffee, tea, tobacco, and opium poppy, alkaloids are concentrated in specific parts such as leaves, roots, and seeds.

The correct answer is Virus.

Key Points

• Hepatitis B is caused by the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), which primarily affects the liver.
• HBV is a DNA virus and is part of the Hepadnaviridae family.
• Hepatitis B spreads through contact with infected blood, bodily fluids, or from mother to child during childbirth.
• It can cause both acute and chronic liver infections, potentially leading to liver cirrhosis or liver cancer if untreated.
• Vaccination against Hepatitis B is highly effective and is part of the WHO-recommended immunization schedule.

Additional Information

• Hepatitis B Virus (HBV):
• HBV is a small, enveloped DNA virus that replicates in liver cells.
• It has a unique replication cycle involving reverse transcription, similar to retroviruses.
• Modes of Transmission:
• Unprotected sexual contact with an infected person.
• Sharing needles or syringes contaminated with infected blood.
• Use of non-sterilized medical or dental equipment.
• Symptoms of Hepatitis B:
• Acute symptoms include jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, nausea, and dark urine.
• Chronic infections may remain asymptomatic for years but can result in severe liver damage over time.
• Prevention and Treatment:
• The Hepatitis B vaccine offers over 95% protection against infection.
• Antiviral medications, such as tenofovir or entecavir, are used to manage chronic cases.
• Screening of blood and blood products prevents transmission through transfusions.

'चेहरे पर हवाइयां उड़ना' मुहावरे का सही अर्थ वाला विकल्प होगा - घबरा जाना

Key Points

• 'चेहरे पर हवाइयां उड़ना' का अर्थ - घबरा जाना
• वाक्य प्रयोग - सपेरे ने खेल दिखाते हुए जब अचानक से टोकरी से अजगर निकाला तो बच्चों के "चेहरे पर हवाइयां उड़ गई"।
• ऐसे वाक्यांश, जो सामान्य अर्थ का बोध न कराकर किसी विलक्षण अर्थ को प्रकट करते है, उसे मुहावरा कहते है।
• चिकना घड़ा होना - बेशर्म होना, वाक्य प्रयोग - मोहित ऐसा "चिकना घड़ा है" कि उसके ऊपर कहने-सुनने का कोई असर नहीं पड़ता।

Important Points 

Additional Information 

सही उत्तर है - शब्द केवल संकेत है।

Key Points

• अशुद्ध वाक्य - शब्द केवल संकेत मात्र है।
• दिए गये वाक्य में वचन प्रयोग की त्रुटि है,
• ​यहाँ 'केवल, मात्र' सार्थक शब्द नहीं है और इससे सही अर्थ प्रकट नहीं हो रहा।
• ​अत: सार्थक शब्द 'केवल' होना चाहिए।
• शुद्ध वाक्य - शब्द केवल संकेत है।

Additional Informationशब्द पुनरावृत्ति संबंधी अशुद्धियाँ - 

''नेता जी ने भाषण दिया।'' सामान्य भूतकाल को दर्शाता है। 

Key Points 

• जिस वाक्य से भूतकाल की क्रिया के विशेष समय का ज्ञान न हो, उसे सामान्य भूतकाल कहते हैं।
• जैसे- राधा गयी।
• नेता जी ने भाषण दिया।

Additional Information 

• क्रिया के जिस रूप से कार्य व्यापार की निकट समय में समाप्ति का पता चले उसे आसन्न भूतकाल कहते हैं, 
• जैसे :- मैं अभी हिसार से आया हूँ।
• क्रिया के जिस रूप से कार्य का होना बीते समय में प्रकट हो, पर पूरा होना प्रकट न हो उसे अपूर्ण भूतकाल कहते है। इस कालल में कार्य का जारी रहना पाया जाता है।
• जैसे- श्रीया खाना रही थी।
• क्रिया के जिस रूप से यह पता चलता है कि कार्य पहले ही पूरा हो चूका है, उसे पूर्ण भूतकाल कहते हैं।
• जैसे- वरुण ने कहानी लिखी थी।

उपर्युक्त विकल्पों में से 'जाना' शब्द एक कारक चिह्न नहीं है।

• 'जाना' एक क्रिया शब्द है।
• 'जाना' का अर्थ - गमन, प्रस्थान करना​
• संज्ञा या सर्वनाम के जिस रूप से वाक्य का संबंध किसी दूसरे शब्द के साथ जाना जाए, उसे कारक कहते हैं।
• 'जाना' शब्द वाक्य का संबंध नहीं बताता वह जाने की क्रिया बताता है।
• जैसे - उसे कल स्कूल जाना है।

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्प -

• 'द्वारा' करण कारक की विभक्ति है। 
• वाक्य प्रयोग - मुझे यह समाचार रीता के द्वारा मिल।
• 'के लिए' संप्रदान कारक की विभक्ति है।
• वाक्य प्रयोग - सरी तैयारी कल के लिए हो रही है।
• 'पर' अधिकरण कारक की विभक्ति है।
• वाक्य प्रयोग - गुलदस्ता अलमारी पर रखा है।

Important Pointsकारक - 

'हाथ-पाँव मारना' मुहावरे के अर्थ को सर्वश्रेष्ठ रूप से व्यक्त करता है - प्रयत्न करना

Key Points

• 'हाथ-पाँव मारना' का अर्थ - प्रयत्न करना, वाक्य प्रयोग - सुनिल ने नौकरी के लिए बहुत "हाथ-पाँव मारा"।
• ऐसे वाक्यांश, जो सामान्य अर्थ का बोध न कराकर किसी विलक्षण अर्थ को प्रकट करते है, उसे मुहावरा कहते है।
• उदाहरण - नाकों चने चबाना का अर्थ - बहुत परेशान होना, वाक्य प्रयोग - शिवाजी से टक्कर लेकर मुगलों को "नाकों चने चबाने पड़े"।

Important Points

Additional Information