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The correct answer is Official language of the Union.

Key Points

• According to Article 343 -
• The official language of the Union will be Hindi and the script Devanagari.
• The form of numerals to be used for official purposes of the Union shall be the international form of Indian numerals.

Additional Information

• ​The Father of the Nation, Mahatma Gandhi first recognized Hindi as the national language in 1917.
• But on 14 September 1949, the Constituent Assembly unanimously agreed to give it the status of an official language.
• In 1950, by Article 343(1) of the Constitution, Hindi was given the status of official language in the form of Devanagari script.
• Constitutional provisions related to official language have been made from Article 343 to 351 of the Constitution of the country.
• The government has also formed the Department of Official Language under the Ministry of Home Affairs.

The correct answer is Article 153.

Key Points

• Under Article 153, Governors of States Each State shall have Governors: provided that nothing in this Article precludes the appointment of the same person as Governor for two or more States.
• Under Article 154, The State's executive authority shall be vested in the Governor and shall be exercised either directly or by his subordinate officers, in compliance with this Constitution.
• Under Article 155, The President shall nominate the Governor of a State by warrant under his hand and seal.

Additional Information

• Article 151 - Audit Reports
• The reports of the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India relating to the accounts of the Union shall be submitted to the president, who shall cause them to be laid before each House of Parliament.
• Article 149 of the Indian constitution defines the duties and powers of the Comptroller and Auditor-General.

The correct answer is Article 17.

Key Points

• Article 17 of the Indian Constitution explicitly abolishes "untouchability" and forbids its practice in any form.
• It is a part of the Fundamental Rights enshrined in Part III of the Constitution.
• This article makes untouchability a punishable offense under the law.
• The Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955, was enacted to enforce Article 17 and to prescribe penalties for the practice of untouchability.
• Article 17 aims to promote social equality and eradicate discrimination based on caste.

Additional Information

• Fundamental Rights
• These are a set of rights guaranteed to all citizens by the Indian Constitution.
• They are essential for the overall development of individuals and to maintain human dignity.
• Part III of the Indian Constitution covers Fundamental Rights, from Articles 12 to 35.
• Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955
• It was enacted to enforce the provisions of Article 17 of the Constitution.
• The Act prescribes punishment for anyone who practices untouchability.
• It also includes penalties for preventing any person from entering public places or using public amenities due to untouchability.
• Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989
• This Act further strengthens the legal framework against untouchability and caste-based discrimination.
• It provides special protections and rights to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes against atrocities and discrimination.
• The Act includes provisions for the establishment of special courts for the trial of offenses under it.
• Social Justice
• It refers to fair and just relations between the individual and society.
• Social justice is a foundational principle of the Indian Constitution, aimed at reducing inequalities and ensuring equitable distribution of resources and opportunities.
• It encompasses various social reforms to uplift marginalized sections of society.

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

• Article 342 of the Indian Constitution deals with the Scheduled Tribes.
• Under this Article, the President of India, after consultation with the Governor of the concerned state, issues a public notification specifying the tribes or tribal communities that shall be deemed as Scheduled Tribes in relation to that state or Union Territory. Hence, option 3 is correct.

Additional Information

• Article 340: Appointment of a commission to investigate the conditions of backward classes.
• Article 349: Special procedure for enactment of certain laws relating to language.
• Article 338: Deals with the National Commission for Scheduled Castes. (Scheduled Tribes fall under Article 338A)

The correct answer is Council of Ministers to aid and advise President.

Key Points

• Article 74 of the Indian Constitution mandates that there shall be a Council of Ministers, headed by the Prime Minister, to aid and advise the President in the exercise of their functions.
• The President is bound by the advice provided by the Council of Ministers except in cases where discretion is explicitly permitted by the Constitution.
• The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha, as per Article 75(3) of the Constitution.
• This provision ensures that the President functions as a constitutional head, with real executive power vested in the Council of Ministers.
• The advice provided by the Council is confidential, and the President cannot question it publicly.

Additional Information

• Prime Minister: The leader of the Council of Ministers and is appointed by the President. The PM is the principal channel of communication between the President and the Council.
• Collective Responsibility: The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha, ensuring that they act as a united entity in governance.
• Discretionary Powers of the President: The President can use their discretion in certain situations, such as appointing the Prime Minister in case of a hung parliament.
• Executive Powers: While the President is the nominal executive, the real executive authority rests with the Council of Ministers led by the Prime Minister.
• Article 75: This article further elaborates on the appointment and tenure of the Council of Ministers, including the provision that they hold office during the pleasure of the President.

The correct answer is SARS-Cov-2.

Key Points

• Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus the first virus strain of which was first detected in Wuhan, China in December 2019.
• This strain of coronavirus was named COVID-19 by the World Health Organization as CoV belonged to the family of Coronavirus and 19 name refers to the year it was detected first hence Covid-19

Important Points SARS-Cov-2:

• Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus  or SARS-CoV-2 is a member of a large family of viruses called coronaviruses.
• It causes a respiratory disease called coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19).
• Research is being done to treat COVID-19 and to prevent infection with SARS-CoV-2​

Additional Information

• SARS-Cov-1:
• It stands for the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1
• It is a strain of coronavirus that causes the severe acute respiratory syndrome, the respiratory illness responsible for the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak.
• H2N2:
• Influenza A virus subtype H2N2 (A/H2N2) is a subtype of the Influenza A virus.
• H2N2 has mutated into various strains including the "Asian flu" strain (now extinct in the wild), H3N2, and various strains found in birds.
• TB-Cov-2:
• ​There is no virus called TB-Cov-2. Tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially serious infectious disease that mainly affects the lungs caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Repo rate is the rate at which RBI lends money to commercial banks in the event of any shortfall of funds. RR rate is the rate at which RBI borrows money from commercial banks within the country.

The correct answer is Option 2.

Key Points

• The Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) refers to the share of Net Demand and Time Liabilities that banks have to hold as balances with the RBI.
• The objective of CRR is to keep inflation under control.
• During high inflation in the economy, the central bank raises the CRR to lower the bank’s loanable funds.
• The current Cash Reserve Ratio is 3.00% (As of 30-05-2020).
• The Central bank has the authority to regulate monetary policies.
• The Ministry of Finance has the authority to regulate fiscal policies.

The correct answer is Muhammad Bin Tughlaq.

• Muhammad Bin Tughlaq issued copper coins instead of silver ones.
• The Tughlaq silver coin was named Tanka, and the copper coin was called Jital.
• Tughlaq started the circulation of copper and brass coins as the token currency which had the same value as gold or silver coins in 1330-32 CE.
• In 1330, after his unsuccessful campaign in Devagiri, he issued a token currency.

Key Points

• Muhammad Bin Tughlaq was the second Sultan of the Tughlaq dynasty.
• He was the son of the sultan Ghiyath al-Dīn Tughluq.
• Firoz Shah Tughlaq was in power in Delhi from 1351 to 1388.
• He was the third ruler of the Tughlaq dynasty after the death of Mohammad-bin Tughlaq.
• He wrote his autobiography called Futuhat-e-firozshahi.
• Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq or Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq was the founder of the Tughluq dynasty in India who reigned over the Sultanate of Delhi from 1320 to 1325.
• He founded the city of Tughlaqabad.
• Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah Tughluq (also called Muhammad Tughluq) was the last sultan of the Tughlaq dynasty to rule the Islamic Delhi Sultanate.
• He ruled the Delhi Sultanate from 31 August 1390 to 20 January 1394.

The correct answer is Mudras.

Key Points

• Mudras are symbolic hand gestures used in Indian classical dance forms, including Bharatnatyam, to convey specific meanings and emotions.
• In Bharatnatyam, mudras are a crucial aspect of the dance and are used to tell a story, depict characters, and express various emotions.
• There are two types of mudras in Bharatnatyam: Asamyukta Mudras (single-hand gestures) and Samyukta Mudras (double-hand gestures).
• The use of mudras in Bharatnatyam is codified in the ancient text Natyashastra, which provides detailed descriptions of various gestures and their meanings.

Additional Information

• Laya
• Laya refers to the concept of rhythm or tempo in Indian classical music and dance.
• It is an essential element that helps in maintaining the timing and synchronization of movements and music.
• Laya can be classified into three categories: Vilambit (slow tempo), Madhya (medium tempo), and Drut (fast tempo).
• In Bharatnatyam, dancers often perform to different layas, showcasing their skill in maintaining rhythmic precision.
• Tripatakas
• Tripataka is one of the single-hand mudras (Asamyukta Hastas) used in Bharatnatyam.
• The Tripataka mudra is formed by holding the thumb, index, and middle fingers straight while bending the ring finger and little finger.
• This gesture can represent a crown, a tree, a lamp, or an arrow, depending on its context and accompanying movements.
• It is one of the 28 single-hand mudras described in the Natyashastra.
• Gatakas
• Gatakas is not a recognized term in the context of Bharatnatyam or Indian classical dance.
• It may be a typographical error or confusion with similar-sounding terms.
• In Indian classical dance, specific terminologies are used to denote various gestures, rhythms, and movements, and Gatakas does not fit into this lexicon.
• Understanding the correct terms and their meanings is crucial for a deeper appreciation of the dance form.