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The correct answer is Narasimhavarman II

Important Points

• Narasimhavarman II (695 – 722 CE)  was an eminent ruler of the Pallava Dynasty.
• He had the title "Rajasimha‟.
• He enjoyed a peaceful reign and is credited with the construction of large and beautiful temples like the Shore temple at Mamallapuram and the Kailasanatha temple at Kanchi. Hence, option 3 is the correct answer.
• He had the titles like Shankara Bhakta and Agamapriya.
• He was also a great patron of Art and letters.
• The famous Sanskrit scholar Dandin is said to have adorned his court.
• He sent embassies to China and the maritime trade flourished during his reign.

The correct answer is  option 2

Key PointsSports Honours in India:

• Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award: 
• The recipient(s) is/are selected by a committee constituted by the Ministry and is honoured for their "spectacular and most outstanding performance in the field of sports over a period of four years" at international level.
• Hence pair 1 is correctly matched.
• Arjun Award:
• The Arjuna Award, officially known as Arjuna Awards for Outstanding Performance in Sports and Games,is the second-highest sporting honour of India.
• Dhyan chand award is the lifetime achievement sporting honour of India.
• Hence pair 2 is not correctly matched.
• Dronacharya Award:
• ​It is given to coaches for doing outstanding and meritorious work on a consistent basis and enabling sportspersons to excel in International events.
• Hence, pair 3 is correctly matched.
• ‘Rashtriya Khel Protsahan Puruskar’:
• It is given to corporate entities (both in private and public sector), Sports Control Boards, NGOs, including sports bodies at the State and National level, who have played a visible role in the area of sports promotion and development.
• Hence pair 4 is not correctly matched.

The correct answer is Ribosomes.

Key Points

• Ribosomes are the cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis.
• Polyribosomes are clusters of ribosomes may sit on an mRNA and make proteins, each making a strand of polypeptides.
• These clusters are called polyribosomes. When they are free in the cytoplasm, they are called free polyribosomes (linked by the mRNA).
• Ribosomes are the protein factories of the cell.
• Ribosomes link amino acids together to form polypeptide chains, which are further modified before becoming functional proteins.

Additional Information

• The Golgi apparatus is responsible for transporting, modifying, and packaging proteins and lipids into vesicles for delivery to targeted destinations.
• Vesicle is an important term used to describe the appearance of many rashes that typically consist of or begin with tiny-to-small fluid-filled blisters.
• Pemphigus is classified as one of the blistering diseases.
• Vesicles are small structures within a cell, consisting of fluid enclosed by a lipid bilayer involved in transport, buoyancy control, and enzyme storage.
• Peroxisomes are organelles that sequester diverse oxidative reactions and play important roles in metabolism, reactive oxygen species detoxification, and signalling.
• Oxidative pathways housed in peroxisomes include fatty acid β-oxidation, which contributes to embryogenesis, seedling growth, and stomatal opening.

The correct answer is Only I.

Key Points 

Article 14 

• The Right to Equality is one of the Fundamental Rights enshrined in the Constitution of India.
• The right to equality provides for the equal treatment of everyone before the law, prevents discrimination on various grounds, treats everybody as equals in matters of public employment, and abolishes untouchability, and titles
• Article 14 treats all people the same in the eyes of the law.
• ​This provision states that all citizens will be treated equally before the law
• The law of the country protects everybody equally
• Under the same circumstances, the law will treat people in the same manner.
• ​Therefore 1^st statement is correct.​

RIGHT TO FREEDOM OF RELIGION - Article 25

• Freedom of Conscience and Free Profession, Practice and Propagation of Religion :
• Article 25 says that all persons are equally entitled to freedom of conscience and the right to freely profess, practice and propagate religion.
• It covers not only religious beliefs (doctrines) but also religious practices (rituals).
• These rights are available to all persons–citizens as well as non-citizens.
• However, these rights are subject to public order, morality, health and other provisions relating to fundamental rights.
• Therefore 2^nd statement is incorrect.
• Article 21 deals with the protection of life and personal liberty.

Additional Information

• Six fundamental rights are recognized by the Indian constitution.
• Under Part-III (article 12 - 35) of the constitution, every citizen has provided 6 fundamental rights.
• A total of seven rights were originally provided by the Constitution.
• 44^th amendment (1978 A.D.) removed the right to property and made a legal right (300A).
• The fundamental rights secure the natural rights of all citizens and it was taken from the constitution of the U.S.A.

The Correct answer is Shane Watson.

Key Points

• Shane Watson, former Australian cricketer, is the author of the book “The Winner’s Mindset.”
• The book was released in 2024 and focuses on the mental aspects of sports and life, emphasizing resilience, positivity, and focus.
• Watson shares his personal experiences as a professional cricketer, especially how he overcame setbacks, injuries, and performance pressures.
• The book provides insights into the importance of mental health, discipline, and mindset in achieving success, not just in cricket but also in life and leadership.
• He retired from international cricket in 2016 and later from franchise cricket in 2020, making him one of the last active players from Australia’s golden era of cricket.
• Watson was known as one of the world’s best all-rounders, excelling in both batting and bowling, and played key roles in ICC tournaments for Australia.
• Through this book, he highlights how a strong mindset can transform challenges into opportunities and separate winners from others.

 Additional Information

• Ricky Ponting
• Former Australian cricket captain and one of the most successful captains in cricket history.
• He has authored books like “At the Close of Play” and “Ponting: At the Close of Play.”
• Ponting is known for leading Australia to victories in two ICC World Cups (2003, 2007).

The correct answer is Kidney → ureter → urinary bladder → urethra.

Explanation:

• The human excretory system consists of a pair of kidneys, two ureters, a urinary bladder, and a urethra.
• The kidney initiates the formation of urine, and the urethra facilitates urine excretion.
• Humans are ureotelic, and excretion occurs in the form of urea, resulting in less loss of body water.
• Kidneys are reddish brown, bean-shaped structures. An adult human kidney measures 10-12cm in length, 5-7cm in width, and 2-3cm in thickness, with an average weight of 120-170gm.
• Through nephrons (tiny filtering units), the kidneys remove waste products called urea, as well as extra water and ions from the blood to form urine.
• The nephron is the functional unit of kidney.
• The pelvis of kidney is continued as a ureter. Ureter is a long and muscular tube.
• Ureter carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
• In the pelvic cavity, there is a thin-walled, pear-shaped, white transparent sac called the urinary bladder.
• It temporarily stores the urine.
• The urethra is a membranous tube that arises from the urinary bladder. It conducts urine to the exterior.
• The actual path of urine in the human body is Kidney → ureter → urinary bladder → urethra.

The correct answer is Information sharing, submarine search and rescue, and joint staff talks.

In News

• India and Australia signed three key agreements to enhance military cooperation, including pacts on information sharing, submarine search and rescue, and joint staff talks.

Key Points

• The agreements were signed in Canberra after talks between Indian Defence Minister Rajnath Singh and Australian Deputy Prime Minister Richard Marles.
• The leaders reaffirmed their shared commitment to enhancing defence cooperation in areas such as military exercises, maritime security, and defence industry collaboration.
• The meeting marked the fifth anniversary of the India-Australia comprehensive strategic partnership, highlighting the deepening bilateral ties between the two countries.
• The agreements aim to strengthen defence cooperation and enable both countries to address emerging security challenges more effectively.

Additional Information

• India-Australia Comprehensive Strategic Partnership
• A strategic relationship that has grown significantly over the years, focusing on areas such as defence, trade, technology, and research collaboration.
• Joint Staff Talks
• Mechanism to facilitate communication and cooperation between the armed forces of both countries, strengthening their ability to coordinate on defence issues.
• Submarine Search and Rescue Cooperation
• An agreement to enhance both nations' capabilities in responding to submarine emergencies, ensuring greater maritime security.

The correct option is CO (Carbon Monoxide).

Explanation:

Greenhouse Effect: 

• Solar energy is trapped by the earth atmosphere and radiate slowly so to cover our earth with a warm blanket.
• This is the natural process of the greenhouse effect on earth to maintain its temperature and makes the earth perfect for life.

Greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, other greenhouse gases are methane, water vapour, nitrous oxide, CFCs and ozone. 

Values of radiation absorbed by the greenhouse gases are as follow:

From the above table, it is clear that carbon dioxide absorbs the maximum radiation in the earth’s atmosphere

Hence the correct option is Carbon Monoxide (CO) which is not a greenhouse gas.

The major greenhouse gases are

• Water vapour - causes about 36% - 70% of the greenhouse effect
• Carbon dioxide (CO2) causes 9 - 26%
• Methane (CH4) causes 4 - 9%
• Ozone (O3)
• Nitrous Oxide
• Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

Important Points

Global warming: If the amount of greenhouse gases cross by delicate proportion, the natural greenhouse balance may get disturbed and there is a continuous rise in temperature of the earth by trapping the solar heat continuously. This creates the overall effect of Global warming.

The correct answer is Amit Shah

In News

• On 2^nd January 2025, Union Minister for Home Affairs and Cooperation, Shri Amit Shah will preside over the release of the book ‘Jammu Kashmir and Ladakh: Through the Ages’ in New Delhi, with Union Minister for Education, Shri Dharmendra Pradhan as the Guest of Honour.

Key Points

• Book Overview: The book ‘Jammu Kashmir and Ladakh: Through the Ages’ provides a comprehensive history of the regions, spanning over three thousand years. It presents the story of Jammu Kashmir and Ladakh from an accessible perspective, catering to both experts and general readers.
• The book was authored by the Indian Council of Historical Research (ICHR), with Prof. Raghuvendra Tanwar serving as its editor.
• Structure: The book is divided into seven sections, each illustrating key periods and historical contributions of the regions. The illustrations included are carefully selected to represent significant ages and their relevance in the larger historical context of Indian history.
• Collaborative Effort: The book is a collaborative publication by National Book Trust, India and the Indian Council of Historical Research, and is available in both Hindi and English.

The Correct Answer is 25.

In News

• India achieve record high of renewable energy capacity addition of 25 gigawatts in the last financial year.

Key Points

• 25 gigawatts of renewable energy capacity was added, setting a record for the highest-ever addition.
• 35% increase in renewable energy capacity compared to 18.57 gigawatts in FY 2023-24.
• Solar energy capacity grew from 15 to nearly 21 gigawatts, a 38% growth.
• BioCNG will be mandated for blending with compressed natural gas and piped natural gas to decarbonize transportation and households.
• Solar PV cell manufacturing capacity nearly tripled, from 9 gigawatts.
• PM KUSUM Scheme showed good progress both physically and financially.
• PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana benefited more than 1.1 lakh households.
• The sector generated nearly 7 lakh employment opportunities in the last financial year.