Search Previous Year Questions

The correct answer is option 1, i.e. Article 21 A

• Article 21 A was added by the 86^th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2002.
• This article declares that the State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of six to fourteen years in such a manner as the State may determine.
• Article 51 A was added by the 42^nd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1976.
• This article specifies a code of 11 Fundamental Duties.
• Originally, article 51 A contained 10 Fundamental Duties.
• Fundamental duty to provide opportunities for education to his child or ward between the age of 6 and 14 years was added by the 86^th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2002.
• Article 31 B was added by the 1^st Constitutional Amendment Act of 1951.
• This article was introduced to protect the laws mentioned under the Ninth schedule from judicial scrutiny on the ground of violation of Fundamental Rights.
• In 2007, the Supreme Court ruled that the laws included in the Ninth schedule after 24 April 1973 are now open to judicial review.
• Article 243 G was added by the 73^rd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992.
• It specifies powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats.

The Correct answer is Gajendra Singh Shekhawat.

Key Points

• Gajendra Singh Shekhawat is an Indian politician affiliated with the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).
• He represents the Jodhpur constituency in Rajasthan in the Lok Sabha (lower house of Parliament).
• He has been actively involved in politics and governance and is known for his work in the field of water resource management and rural development.
• Before being appointed as the Union Minister of Culture, Gajendra Singh Shekhawat held the portfolio of Union Minister of Jal Shakti, where he spearheaded initiatives like the Jal Jeevan Mission.
• His appointment as the Union Minister of Culture in June 2024 is significant as he is expected to focus on preserving and promoting India’s rich cultural heritage and traditions.
• His leadership in the Ministry of Culture aligns with India's vision to strengthen its soft power globally by showcasing its historical landmarks, art, music, literature, and cultural diversity.

Additional Information

• Jual Oram
• Jual Oram is an Indian politician from Odisha and a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).
• He has served as the Union Minister of Tribal Affairs in the past, focusing on the welfare of tribal communities in India.
• He represents the Sundargarh constituency in Odisha in the Lok Sabha.
• Giriraj Singh
• Giriraj Singh is an Indian politician and a member of the BJP.
• He has served as the Union Minister of Rural Development and Panchayati Raj.
• He is known for his work in implementing policies for grassroots-level governance and rural development in India.
• Kinjarapu Rammohan Naidu
• Kinjarapu Rammohan Naidu is an Indian politician affiliated with the Telugu Desam Party (TDP).
• He represents the Srikakulam constituency in Andhra Pradesh in the Lok Sabha.
• He is one of the youngest parliamentarians and is recognized for his active participation in parliamentary debates and youth-centric initiatives.

The correct answer is L.M. Singhvi Committee.

Key Points

• The L.M. Singhvi Committee was appointed in 1986 by the Government of India to revitalize Panchayati Raj institutions for democracy and development.
• The committee recommended the inclusion of a separate chapter on Panchayats in the Constitution, leading to the establishment of the 73^rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992.
• The key recommendation was to provide constitutional status to Panchayati Raj institutions to ensure their continuity, stability, and autonomy.
• The committee emphasized the need for regular elections to Panchayati Raj institutions and the establishment of a State Finance Commission to allocate funds to these bodies.

Additional Information

• 73^rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992
• This Act added Part IX to the Constitution titled "The Panchayats" and the Eleventh Schedule covering 29 subjects under the Panchayati Raj institutions.
• It mandates the establishment of Panchayats at the village, intermediate, and district levels.
• The Act ensures that Panchayats operate as units of self-government and hold regular elections every five years.
• It provides for the reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and women in Panchayati Raj institutions.
• State Finance Commission
• It is constituted every five years to review the financial position of the Panchayats and make recommendations to the Governor regarding the distribution of financial resources.
• The commission ensures that Panchayats receive adequate funds for their functions and development activities.
• Gram Sabha
• It is a body consisting of persons registered in the electoral rolls of a village within the area of the Panchayat at the village level.
• The Gram Sabha is a forum for direct democracy where citizens can participate in decision-making and hold the Panchayat accountable.
• Balwant Rai Mehta Committee
• Appointed in 1957, it recommended the establishment of the three-tier Panchayati Raj system in India.
• The committee's report led to the establishment of Panchayati Raj institutions in various states during the 1960s.

The correct answer is Bharatmuni.

• Bharatmuni was an ancient Indian theatrologist and musicologist who wrote the Natyashastra.

Key Points

• Bharata is considered the father of Indian theatrical art forms.
• Natyashastra contains six chapters on music.
• The text consists of 36 chapters.

The correct answer is Mithali Raj.

Key Points

• Mithali became the first Indian cricketer to score 2000 runs in IT20 cricket.
• She also became the first woman cricketer from the country and the only second overall world after Charlotte Edwards to score 10,000 international runs.
• She achieved this feat against the Sri Lankan women's team in the women's Asia Cup 2018 held at Kaula Lumpur.
• Charlotte Edwards was the first international cricketer to score 2000 runs in IT20 cricket.
• Virat Kohli is the fastest to score 2000 runs in IT20 cricket and become the first male cricketer to score 3000 runs in IT20 cricket.

The correct answer is 1919.

Key Points

• The Rowlatt Act, officially known as the Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act of 1919, was passed by the British colonial government in March 1919.
• It authorized the government to detain individuals without trial, suppress political activities, and imprison suspects indefinitely without any legal recourse.
• The act was primarily aimed at curbing the rising nationalist movements and revolutionary activities against British rule in India.
• The act led to widespread protests across India, including the infamous Jallianwala Bagh massacre on April 13, 1919, when British troops opened fire on unarmed protesters in Amritsar.
• Indian leaders, including Mahatma Gandhi, strongly opposed the act, and the protests against it marked a significant turning point in India's struggle for independence.

Additional Information

• Key Impacts of the Rowlatt Act:
• Erosion of Civil Liberties: The Act allowed imprisonment without trial for suspected political dissenters, suspended habeas corpus, and imposed strict censorship, effectively removing basic rights.
• Widespread Protests: It triggered a strong backlash, with Mahatma Gandhi calling for nationwide hartals (strikes) and demonstrations in cities like Delhi, Lahore, and Bombay.
• Catalyst for Mass Movements: The Act united various groups against British rule, becoming a crucial moment that led to Gandhi's Non-Cooperation Movement and transformed Indian nationalism into a mass movement.
• Increased Resentment: It exposed the hollowness of British promises of democracy, fueling anger and demonstrating the repressive nature of colonial rule.
• Repression & Violence: British authorities responded with force, culminating in the tragic Jallianwala Bagh Massacre in Amritsar, further intensifying anti-colonial sentiment.

The correct answer is 'Bay of Bengal.'

Key Points

• Influence of the Bay of Bengal:
• The northeastern states of India receive heavy rainfall due to the moisture-laden monsoon winds that originate from the Bay of Bengal.
• These winds travel northeastward, hitting the Himalayan ranges and causing orographic rainfall in the region.
• The Bay of Bengal monsoon is a key factor in maintaining the humid subtropical climate of northeastern India, characterized by significant rainfall during the monsoon season.

Additional Information

• Influence of the Arabian Sea:
• The Arabian Sea influences the monsoon primarily in western and southern parts of India, such as the Konkan coast, Gujarat, and Kerala.
• It does not significantly impact the climate of the northeastern states since these regions are predominantly affected by the Bay of Bengal monsoon system.
• Influence of the Indian Ocean:
• The Indian Ocean contributes to the overall monsoon system by providing moisture to the southwest monsoon winds.
• However, its direct impact on the northeastern states is limited compared to the Bay of Bengal and the Himalayan mountains.

Important Points

• The northeastern states, including Assam, Meghalaya, and Arunachal Pradesh, are among the wettest regions in India due to their proximity to the Bay of Bengal and the presence of the Himalayas.
• Mawsynram and Cherrapunji in Meghalaya are famous for receiving some of the highest rainfall in the world, primarily due to the influence of the Bay of Bengal and the Himalayan orography.
• The region experiences a mix of tropical and subtropical climatic conditions, influenced by elevation and distance from the sea.

The correct answer is 118^th

Key Points

• In the World Happiness Report 2025, India has been ranked 118^th among 143 countries surveyed globally.
• India showed an improvement of 8 positions compared to the previous year, where it was ranked 126^th in the 2024 report.
• The report is an annual publication of the United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN) and is released to mark the International Day of Happiness on March 20^th.
• The rankings are determined based on self-reported life evaluations from the Gallup World Poll, averaged over a three-year period (2022-2024 for the 2025 report).
• The report considers six primary factors to explain the variation in happiness levels: GDP per capita, social support, healthy life expectancy, freedom to make life choices, generosity, and perception of corruption.

Additional Information

• Finland has secured the 1^st rank for the 8^th consecutive year, maintaining its status as the happiest country in the world.
• The top five happiest nations in the 2025 list include Finland, Denmark, Iceland, Sweden, and Israel.
• Afghanistan continues to be ranked at the bottom of the index (143^rd), followed by Lebanon and Lesotho.
• The 2025 report also focused on the well-being of different age groups, noting that happiness levels among the youth have seen a decline in several Western nations.
• Among India's neighbors, countries like Nepal, China, and Bhutan typically rank higher than India in this index.

The correct answer is Governor

Key Points

• The power to prorogue the House or either House of the State Legislature from time to time is vested in the Governor.
• This power is part of the Governor's broader role in the legislative process, which includes summoning and dissolving the state legislative assembly.
• The Governor acts on the advice of the state's Chief Minister and the Council of Ministers but retains certain discretionary powers.
• The ability to prorogue the legislature helps in managing the legislative calendar and addressing situations where the House may need to be temporarily suspended.
• Proroguing the House effectively ends a session but does not dissolve the legislative assembly, allowing for the continuation of the legislative process in the future.

Additional Information

• The Governor is appointed by the President of India and acts as the central government's representative in the state.
• The Governor's role is outlined in the Constitution of India, particularly in Articles 153 to 167.
• The Governor has both executive and legislative powers, including giving assent to bills passed by the state legislature, issuing ordinances, and making recommendations for President's Rule in the state.
• In addition to proroguing the House, the Governor can also dissolve the legislative assembly, usually upon the advice of the Chief Minister.
• The Governor plays a crucial role in maintaining the constitutional framework and ensuring the smooth functioning of the state government.

• The President of India is the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces of the country.
• The charge of these forces is otherwise held by their respective chiefs.
• Chief of the Army Staff-General Bipin Rawat
• Chief of the Naval Staff-Karambir Singh
• Supreme Commander of Armed Forces- President of India(Draupadi Murmu)
• Defence Minister of India-Rajnath Singh
• Air Chief Marshal RKS Bhadauria.