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The correct answer is Option 1.

Key Points

• Passive voice structure: The object of the active voice sentence becomes the subject of the passive voice sentence.
• In the active voice, the sentence is: "The overseer instructed the workers to lift the bridge by two feet."
• To convert to passive voice: Place the object "the workers" at the beginning.
• Change the active verb "instructed" (simple past) to "were instructed" (simple past passive).
• Add the preposition "by" followed by the original subject "the overseer."
• Retain the infinitive phrase "to lift the bridge by two feet."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

Correct Sentence: "The workers were instructed by the overseer to lift the bridge by two feet."

Additional Information

• Option 2: "The workers was instructed by the overseer to lift the bridge by two feet." – Incorrect subject-verb agreement ("workers" is plural, so it should be "were").
• Option 3: "The workers were instructed by the overseer to lifting the bridge by two feet." – Incorrect verb form ("to lifting" instead of "to lift").
• Option 4: "The workers had been instructed by the overseer to be lifted the bridge by two feet." – Incorrect tense (past perfect) and incorrect construction ("to be lifted").

The correct answer is Option 2.

Key Points

• Active voice structure: The subject performs the action on the object.
• In the passive voice, the sentence is: "The director is expected to approve the new proposal soon."
• Identify the implied subject/agent: "They" (general expectation).
• Change the passive verb "is expected" (present simple passive) to "expect" (present simple active).
• Retain the object "the director" and the infinitive phrase "to approve the new proposal soon."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

Correct Sentence: "They expect the director to approve the new proposal soon."

Additional Information

• Option 1: "It is expected the director approve the new proposal soon." – Incorrect structure; missing "will" or "should" after "director."
• Option 3: "The director expects to approve the new proposal soon." – Incorrect meaning; changes the subject to the director himself.
• Option 4: "The new proposal expects the director's approval." – Incorrect and illogical; the proposal cannot "expect."

The correct answer is Option 2.

Key Points

• Active voice structure: The subject performs the action on the object.
• In the passive voice, the sentence is: "The game was won by the underdog team."
• Identify the subject/agent: "The underdog team."
• Change the passive verb "was won" (past simple passive) to "won" (past simple active).
• Retain the object "the game."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

Correct Sentence: "The underdog team won the game."

Additional Information

• Option 1: "The underdog team wins the game." – Incorrect tense (present simple instead of past simple).
• Option 3: "The underdog team has won the game." – Incorrect tense (present perfect instead of past simple).
• Option 4: "The underdog team is winning the game." – Incorrect tense (present continuous instead of past simple).

The correct answer is Option 4.

Key Points

• Indirect Speech: Rakesh told Ranjana that that book had been purchased by his father when he had been young.
• Key Conversions:
• "This book" → "that book"
• Demonstrative pronoun changes in indirect speech.
• "was purchased" → "had been purchased"
• Past tense passive changes to past perfect passive in indirect speech.
• "my father" → "his father"
• Pronoun shift to match the subject Rakesh.
• "I was young" → "he had been young"
• Past tense changes to past perfect to maintain sequence of tenses.
• Punctuation and Format:
• No quotation marks in indirect speech.
• Sentence flows naturally with reporting verb + indirect clause.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

Correct Sentence: Rakesh told Ranjana that that book had been purchased by his father when he had been young.

Additional Information

• Option 1: "Rakesh told Ranjana that book was purchased by his father when he was young."
• Incorrect because "this" should change to "that".
• Tense not shifted correctly ("was purchased" → "had been purchased").
• Option 2: "Rakesh told Ranjana that that book was purchased by my father..."
• Incorrect pronoun: "my father" should be "his father".
• Tense not shifted.
• Option 3: "Rakesh told Ranjana that that book had purchased by his father..."
• Grammatical error: "had purchased" (active) instead of "had been purchased" (passive).
• "he had young" is incorrect; should be "he had been young".

The correct answer is 'among'.

Key Points

• The preposition 'among' is used when talking about being in the middle of or surrounded by a group of people or things (usually more than two).
• In the given sentence, the phrase 'so many strangers' refers to a collective group, making 'among' the grammatically correct choice to show she was lost within that crowd.
• 'Between' is typically used when referring to two distinct individuals or objects.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

Complete Sentence: 'She felt lost among so many strangers.'

Additional Information

• Option 2: 'between' is used for specific, distinct items (e.g., 'The house is between the woods and the river').
• Option 3: 'beside' means 'next to' or 'at the side of' (e.g., 'Come and sit beside me').
• Option 4: 'with' indicates accompaniment or being in the company of someone (e.g., 'I am going with my friends'), but it does not express being surrounded by a mass of people as accurately as 'among'.

The correct answer is 'to'.

Key Points

• The preposition to is used after the adjective relevant to indicate a connection or relation to a particular subject.
• The term relevant to is a standard idiomatic expression meaning having a significant and demonstrable bearing on the matter at hand.
• In the given sentence, the lecture is described as being directly related to the subject of climate change.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

Complete Sentence: 'The lecture was relevant to the topic of climate change.'

Additional Information

• Option 1: 'in' is typically used for location or a specific state (e.g., in the room) and does not follow relevant.
• Option 3: 'on' is used for topics (e.g., a book on science), but it is grammatically incorrect when paired with the adjective relevant.
• Option 4: 'with' usually implies accompaniment or tools (e.g., with a friend) and is not the correct preposition for this context.

The correct answer is Option 4.

Key Points

• Indirect Speech: He wondered how such an obvious error had escaped everyone's notice.
• Direct Speech Conversion: He wondered, "How has such an obvious error escaped everyone's notice?"
• Key Conversions:
• "had escaped" → "has escaped"
• Past perfect in indirect speech changes to present perfect in direct speech to reflect immediacy of the wonder.
• Question form:
• Direct speech requires interrogative structure: "How has such an obvious error escaped...?"
• Punctuation:
• Question mark (?) is essential to reflect the interrogative tone of "wondered".

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

Correct Sentence: He wondered, "How has such an obvious error escaped everyone's notice?"

Additional Information

• Option 1: "He wondered, 'How did such an obvious error escaped...'"
• Grammatical error: "did escaped" is incorrect; should be "did escape".
• Option 2: "He wondered, 'how such an obvious error had escaped...'"
• Incorrect because direct speech should use interrogative form, not statement order.
• Option 3: "He wondered, 'How could such an obvious error escape...'"
• Changes tense and meaning: introduces modal "could" which alters the sense of immediacy.

The correct answer is option 1.

Key Points

• The word "aberration" is correctly spelled and means "a deviation from what is normal".
• It is a noun and is used to describe something that is unusual or out of the ordinary.
• Example: The sudden drop in temperature was an aberration in the otherwise warm weather.

Correct sentence: The correct spelling is "aberration."

Additional Information

Let’s analyze the other options:

• Option 2: "Abberration" - This is incorrect because it contains an extra 'b'.
• Option 3: "Aberation" - This is incorrect because it is missing one 'r'.
• Option 4: "Abberation" - This is incorrect due to both an extra 'b' and a missing 'r'.

The correct answer is option 4.

Key Points

The misspelled word is 'Magnanomous'.

• The correct spelling would be 'Magnanimous'.
• The word 'magnanimous' is an adjective which means 'generous or forgiving, especially towards a rival or less powerful person'. (उदार)
• For Example -
• He showed a magnanimous gesture by forgiving his opponent after the heated debate.

Therefore, the correct answer would be 'Magnanomous'.

Additional Information

Let's understand the meanings of the other words mentioned in the options -

• Abhorrent - inspiring disgust and loathing; repugnant (घृणास्पद)
• Vicissitude - a change of circumstances or fortune, typically one that is unwelcome or unpleasant (उतार-चढ़ाव)
• Egregious - outstandingly bad or shocking (अत्यंत खराब)

The correct answer is 'Steadfast and firm'.

Key Points

• The passage describes Gunjan Saxena operating in high-altitude regions under constant threat of enemy fire, requiring “unwavering focus and precision.”
• The word “unwavering” means not shaking, not hesitating, and remaining firm despite challenges.
• Thus, “Steadfast and firm” is the closest meaning, as it conveys determination and consistency under pressure.
• Other options are incorrect: “Unsteady” implies instability, “Hesitant” implies doubt, and “Indifferent” implies lack of concern — none fit the context of military precision and courage.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

Complete Passage: Operating in high-altitude regions under constant threat of enemy fire required (1) unwavering focus and precision. Gunjan's missions involved transporting essential supplies, evacuating wounded soldiers, and providing critical intelligence to ground forces. Her ability to remain calm under pressure earned her immense respect from peers and superiors alike.

Additional Information

• Unsteady: Suggests instability, opposite of “unwavering.”
• Hesitant: Implies doubt or reluctance, not suitable here.
• Indifferent: Means unconcerned, which does not fit the context of focus and precision.