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The correct answer is 1, 2 and 3 are correct.

Key Points

• The Sri-khol, often referred to simply as the Khol, is a traditional terracotta two-sided drum originating from Bengal and Assam. It is fundamentally linked to the Gaudiya Vaishnava tradition and serves as the primary rhythmic accompaniment for Kirtan (devotional chanting) and Gayan-Bayan. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• The Ektara is a primitive one-stringed instrument used by wandering bards and mystics across the Indian subcontinent. It is the signature musical tool of the Baul community of Bengal, used to provide a rhythmic drone that complements their spiritual and philosophical songs. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• The Dhol is a versatile barrel-shaped drum found in various regional variations; among the Rabha tribe of the Northeast, it is an essential percussion instrument used during traditional War Dances (like the Nak-kati) and agricultural festivals to provide high-energy beats. Hence, statement 3 is correct.

 Additional Information

• Musical Traditions and Instruments:
• Sri-khol: Constructed from clay or terracotta, its body is wider in the middle with two leather-bound heads. It was historically popularized by the saint Chaitanya Mahaprabhu in the 15^th century.
• Baul Singing: This is a unique folk tradition recognized by UNESCO as a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity. The music emphasizes the internal search for the 'Man of the Heart' (Moner Manush).
• Rabha Tribe: An Indo-Mongoloid community primarily residing in Assam, Meghalaya, and West Bengal. Their cultural performances often feature the Kram (drum), Badungduppa (bamboo instrument), and the Dhol to narrate tales of valor and harvest.
• Kirtan: A form of Bhakti yoga involving call-and-response chanting, which attained peak popularity during the Bhakti Movement in medieval India.

The correct answer is A-2, B-1, C-3.

Key Points

• Arjuna Award: Instituted in 1961, this award recognizes sportspersons for their outstanding performance in various sports and games at the international level over a period of four years. It includes a bronze statue of Arjuna, a certificate, and a cash prize. Hence, Arjuna Award matches with Outstanding Performance.
• Dronacharya Award: Named after the legendary guru from the Mahabharata, this honor was introduced in 1985 to provide Coach Recognition. It is given to instructors who have demonstrated excellence in training athletes to achieve podium finishes at prestigious events like the Olympics and World Championships. Hence, Dronacharya Award matches with Coach Recognition.
• Khel Ratna Award: Officially the Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award, it is considered the Top Sporting Honor in India. Established in 1991-92, it is conferred upon athletes for the most spectacular and outstanding performance over a four-year cycle. Hence, Khel Ratna Award matches with Top Sporting Honor.

 Additional Information

• National Sports Awards: These awards are administered by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Government of India.
• National Sports Day: The awards are typically presented by the President of India on August 29 every year, marking the birth anniversary of hockey wizard Major Dhyan Chand.
• Renaming History: The Khel Ratna was formerly named after Rajiv Gandhi but was renamed in 2021 to honor Major Dhyan Chand.
• First Recipient: The first Khel Ratna was awarded to the legendary Chess Grandmaster Viswanathan Anand.
• Dhyan Chand Award: Distinct from the Khel Ratna, there is also a Dhyan Chand Award for Lifetime Achievement in Sports and Games, instituted in 2002.

The correct answer is Acute balance of payments crisis.

Key Points

• By July 1991, India faced a severe Balance of Payments (BoP) crisis where the foreign exchange reserves dropped to approximately $1.2 billion, sufficient to fund only about two weeks of essential imports.
• The Gulf War (1990-91) played a critical role by triggering a sharp rise in global crude oil prices and causing a massive decline in remittances from Indian workers stationed in the Middle East.
• Internal economic instability was marked by a high fiscal deficit of nearly 8.4% of GDP and a double-digit inflation rate peaking at 16.7%, which collapsed international investor confidence in the Indian economy.
• To prevent a sovereign default, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) was forced to pledge 47 tonnes of gold with the Bank of England and 20 tonnes with the Union Bank of Switzerland to secure emergency credit.

 Additional Information

• New Economic Policy (NEP) 1991:
• Launched under Prime Minister P.V. Narasimha Rao and Finance Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh, the reforms introduced the LPG model: Liberalization, Privatization, and Globalization.
• The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank provided a $7 billion bailout package contingent upon India implementing structural adjustments to open its domestic market.
• Context of Other Options:
• Trade Surplus: This was absent in 1991; India suffered from a chronic trade deficit due to high dependency on petroleum imports and low export competitiveness.
• High Agricultural Output: While the Green Revolution improved food security, it could not offset the macroeconomic imbalance caused by industrial stagnation and debt.
• Booming Exports: India’s share in global trade was less than 0.5% in 1991, hindered by the restrictive License-Permit Raj system.

The correct answer is UNDP Human Development Report.

Key Points

• The Human Development Index (HDI) is a statistical tool used to measure a country's overall achievement in its social and economic dimensions, released annually by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
• The concept was developed in 1990 by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq and Indian Nobel laureate Amartya Sen to shift the focus of development from purely economic metrics like GDP to human-centric progress.
• The index is calculated using three fundamental dimensions: Long and healthy life (Life expectancy at birth), Knowledge (Mean and expected years of schooling), and A decent standard of living (GNI per capita at Purchasing Power Parity).
• The Human Development Report (HDR) serves as a critical global benchmark, ranking nations like India into categories ranging from Very High to Low human development based on their composite scores.

 Additional Information

• UNDP Subsidiary Indices:
• The report also features the Inequality-adjusted HDI (IHDI), which adjusts the HDI score based on the level of inequality within a country's population.
• Other key metrics include the Gender Inequality Index (GII) and the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), which provide deeper insights into societal disparities.
• Other International Organizations:
• The World Bank primarily publishes the World Development Report and focused on the Ease of Doing Business index (now discontinued), which assesses the regulatory environment for businesses.
• The World Health Organization (WHO) focuses on global health statistics and policy, such as the World Health Statistics report, rather than integrated human development rankings.

The correct answer is 0 kg.

Key Points

• A photon is defined as an elementary particle that serves as the quantum of the electromagnetic field, representing the smallest discrete amount of electromagnetic radiation such as light, X-rays, and radio waves.
• In the Standard Model of particle physics, the rest mass (also known as invariant mass) of a photon is exactly zero. This property distinguishes it from matter particles like electrons or protons.
• According to Albert Einstein’s Special Theory of Relativity, any particle with a non-zero rest mass would require infinite energy to reach the speed of light (approximately 299,792,458 m/s). Since photons always travel at this speed in a vacuum, they must possess zero rest mass.
• While they lack mass, photons possess energy and momentum. The energy of a photon is directly proportional to its electromagnetic frequency, expressed by the equation \( E = hf \), where h is Planck’s constant.
• The momentum of a photon is given by the relation \( p = E/c \), allowing light to exert radiation pressure on surfaces despite having no mass.

 Additional Information

• Comparison with other physical constants:
• 9.1 × 10⁻³¹ kg: This is the approximate rest mass of an electron, which is the lightest stable subatomic particle with a negative charge.
• 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹: This numerical value is associated with the elementary charge (measured in Coulombs), representing the magnitude of electric charge carried by a single proton or electron.
• Wave-Particle Duality: Photons demonstrate both wave-like behavior (such as interference and refraction) and particle-like behavior (such as the photoelectric effect).
• Force Carrier: The photon is the gauge boson that mediates the electromagnetic force, one of the four fundamental forces of nature.

Checking all the options

(1) 12, 01, 34, 04 → H, B, T, E

(2) 11, 02, 34, 01 → G, C, T, B

(3) 44, 00, 33, 04 → Y, A, S, E

(4) 12, 00, 34, 04 → H, A, T, E

Hence, the correct answer is “Option 4”.

The unfolded appearance after the cut is,

Hence, the correct answer is “Option 4”.

Let us check the other options:

Option (1): 98, 67, 34, 41, 66 → P, D, C, C, E

Option (2): 23, 00, 99, 12, 30 → P, B, D, E, E 

Option (3): 98, 20, 22, 41, 97 → P, L, A, C, E

Option (4): 67, 43, 59, 99, 78 → D, A, T, D, E

Hence, the correct answer is “Option 3”.

APPLE is coded as ZNMHZ →

Similarly,

let's find the code for LEMON:

Hence, the correct answer is “Option 1”.

Here

3125 = 5⁵ (In this case, the base 5 is a prime number.)

4 = 2² (In this case, the base 2 is a prime number.)

27 = 3³ (In this case, the base 3 is a prime number.)

256 = 4⁴ (In this case, the base 4 is a composite number (not a prime number).

Hence, the correct answer is “Option 3”.