Search Previous Year Questions

The correct answer is 'When'.

Key Points

• The sentence is: “Ahmedabad witnessed a tragic incident yesterday ____(3) a small passenger aircraft crashed shortly after take-off…”
• The blank requires a connector that introduces the time of the incident.
• “When” correctly conveys the idea that the tragic incident occurred at the time the aircraft crashed.
• Other options do not fit: “Where” indicates place, “Which” introduces a relative clause, and “While” indicates simultaneity but does not match the context.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

Complete Passage: Ahmedabad witnessed a tragic incident yesterday (3) when a small passenger aircraft crashed shortly after take-off from the city's domestic airport. According to preliminary reports, the plane was en route to Jaipur and was carrying two crew members and six passengers...

Additional Information

• Where: Refers to location, not time.
• Which: Used for relative clauses, not suitable here.
• While: Suggests simultaneity, but the sentence is about a specific time of occurrence.

The correct answer is 'Arrived'.

Key Points

• The sentence is: “Emergency services ____(4) within minutes, and rescue teams worked tirelessly to pull survivors from the wreckage.”
• The context clearly refers to a past event (the aircraft crash in Ahmedabad).
• Therefore, the correct verb form must be in the past tense: “Arrived”.
• Other options are incorrect: “Arrives” (present tense), “Arriving” (present participle, grammatically unsuitable here), “Have arrived” (present perfect, does not match the simple past narrative).

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Complete Passage: Ahmedabad witnessed a tragic incident yesterday when a small passenger aircraft crashed shortly after take-off from the city's domestic airport. According to preliminary reports, the plane was en route to Jaipur and was carrying two crew members and six passengers. Eyewitnesses described hearing an unusually loud noise before the aircraft descended rapidly and collided with an open field on the city's outskirts. Emergency services (4) arrived within minutes, and rescue teams worked tirelessly to pull survivors from the wreckage...

Additional Information

• Arrives: Present tense, does not fit the past narrative.
• Arriving: Present participle, grammatically incorrect in this sentence.
• Have arrived: Present perfect tense, inconsistent with the simple past narration of the passage.

The correct answer is 'About'.

Key Points

• The sentence is: “This accident has prompted renewed discussions ____(5) aviation safety standards and the importance of stringent maintenance checks for smaller aircraft.”
• The correct preposition here is “About” because discussions are held regarding or concerning a subject.
• “About” fits naturally with “aviation safety standards,” making the sentence grammatically and contextually correct.
• Other options do not fit: “Under” suggests authority or control, “At” indicates location/time, and “By” indicates agency or means — none align with the intended meaning.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Complete Passage: This accident has prompted renewed discussions (5) about aviation safety standards and the importance of stringent maintenance checks for smaller aircraft. While air travel remains statistically safer than road transport, incidents like this serve as a sobering reminder of the risks involved...

Additional Information

• Under: Implies being controlled or governed, not suitable here.
• At: Refers to a place or time, incorrect in this context.
• By: Indicates agency or means, not appropriate for “discussions.”

The correct answer is: Option 2 i.e. Vituperative.

Key Points

• The word "Vituperative" means harsh, bitter, or abusive language used to criticize someone or something. (कटु/गाली-गलौज भरा)
• Example: His vituperative comments during the debate offended many participants.
• The correct spelling of the word in the context of the sentence is "Vituperative". This word emphasizes the act of making caustic or abusive remarks. (गाली-गलौज भरा)
• Example: The politician's vituperative speech targeted his opponents directly.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 2 - Vituperative.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Vittuperative (गलत वर्तनी): This is an incorrect spelling of "Vituperative" and does not have any meaning.
• Vitupirative (गलत वर्तनी): This is also an incorrect spelling of "Vituperative" and does not carry any meaning.
• Vituparative (गलत वर्तनी): This is another incorrect spelling of "Vituperative" and is meaningless.

The correct answer is option 1, i.e., Ophthalmologist.

Key Points

• The word Ophthalmologist refers to a medical specialist in the branch of medicine concerned with the study and treatment of disorders and diseases of the eye.
• The correct spelling is Ophthalmologist, which comes from the Greek words "ophthalmos" (eye) and "logia" (study).
• The misspelled options include:
• Option 2: Opthalmolgist - Incorrect due to missing 'h' after 'p'.
• Option 3: Ophthalmolgist - Incorrect due to missing 'o' after 'm'.
• Option 4: Opthalmologist - Incorrect due to missing 'h' after 'p'.

Correct sentence: An Ophthalmologist is a medical professional who diagnoses and treats eye disorders.

Additional Information

• Synonyms: Eye doctor, Eye specialist.
• Examples:
• The Ophthalmologist prescribed new glasses for my poor vision.
• She consulted an Ophthalmologist for her eye infection.

The correct answer is Mesolithic.

Key Points

• The Mesolithic Age, also known as the Middle Stone Age, served as a transitional phase between the Paleolithic and Neolithic periods, dating roughly from 10,000 BC to 6,000 BC in the Indian context.
• The hallmark of this period is the production of Microliths, which are very small stone tools ranging from 1 cm to 5 cm in length, typically made of materials like chert, agate, and carnelian.
• These microliths were often geometric in shape (trapezes, lunates, triangles) and were used as components for composite tools such as spearheads and arrowheads, reflecting an advancement in hunting technology.
• This era witnessed the earliest signs of domestication of animals in India. Excavations at Bagor in Rajasthan and Adamgarh in Madhya Pradesh provide significant zooarchaeological evidence of domesticated cattle, sheep, and goats.
• The period coincided with the onset of the Holocene epoch, characterized by a warmer and more humid climate, which led to a proliferation of flora and fauna and encouraged humans to move into new ecological niches.

 Additional Information

• Paleolithic:
• Characterized by the use of large, unpolished stone tools like hand-axes, choppers, and cleavers.
• Humans were primarily hunter-gatherers and lived in a nomadic state during the Pleistocene ice age.
• Neolithic:
• Defined by the beginning of sedentary life, systematic agriculture, and the production of polished stone tools.
• Introduction of pottery and the wheel occurred during this phase, with key sites like Mehrgarh and Burzahom.
• Chalcolithic:
• This was the Copper-Stone Age, marking the first use of metal (copper) alongside stone tools.
• It saw the emergence of organized rural settlements and distinct ceramic traditions like the Malwa and Jorwe cultures.

The correct answer is War goddess who resisted state power.

Key Points

• Sammakka is a legendary tribal deity of the Koya community, primarily worshipped in the state of Telangana. Her significance is deeply rooted in historical resistance against the Kakatiya dynasty during the 13^th century.
• In tribal belief systems, she is revered as a war goddess who led a fierce rebellion against King Pratapa Rudra to protest the imposition of tributes and taxes on the forest-dwelling tribes during a period of severe famine and drought.
• Unlike many mainstream deities, Sammakka is a human-turned-goddess whose divinity stems from her military valor and her ultimate sacrifice for the socio-economic rights and dignity of her people.
• She represents the spirit of defiance against centralized state authority, serving as a symbol of tribal autonomy and the preservation of indigenous ways of life against external administrative intrusion.
• The legendary battle occurred at Medaram, where she and her daughter Saralamma fought the royal armies, eventually disappearing into the forest, leaving behind only a casket of vermillion.

 Additional Information

• Medaram Jatara:
• Known as the Sammakka Saralamma Jatara, it is the largest tribal congregation in the world, celebrated biennially in the Mulugu district.
• It was declared a State Festival by the Government of Telangana and is characterized by the absence of permanent temples or idols, using bamboo poles and vermillion to represent the deities.
• Koya Tribe:
• The Koyas are an indigenous community settled in the Godavari river basin across Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, and Chhattisgarh.
• Their culture is noted for the Gondi language influence and the performance of the Permakore dance during the festival.
• Historical Context:
• The Kakatiya Empire was a major South Indian power with its capital at Warangal. The conflict with Sammakka highlights early tensions between agrarian empires and forest societies regarding resource management.

The correct answer is The Delimitation Commission’s orders are final and binding, cannot be challenged in any court, and are implemented as per the schedule laid down in the delimitation order..

Key Points

• Under Article 329(a) of the Constitution of India, the validity of any law relating to the delimitation of constituencies or the allotment of seats to such constituencies cannot be called into question in any court. This grants the Commission's orders immunity from judicial review to prevent delays in the electoral cycle. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
• The Delimitation Commission is a statutory body constituted by the Central Government under the Delimitation Commission Act, enacted under Article 82. It is not a permanent constitutional body appointed every 5 years; it is set up following census operations as directed by Parliament. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
• The orders of the Commission have the force of law and are published in the Gazette of India. These orders cannot be modified by the President, Parliament, or any State Legislature. They take effect from a date specified by the President and are final. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
• While maintaining a uniform population-to-seat ratio is a goal, the Commission must also consider geographical compactness, physical features, administrative boundaries, and public convenience. Furthermore, it specifically reserves seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes based on population density in specific areas. Hence, statement 4 is incorrect.

 Additional Information

• Composition and Scope:
• The Commission consists of three members: a retired Supreme Court Judge (Chairperson), the Chief Election Commissioner, and the State Election Commissioner of the respective state.
• The 84^th Amendment Act of 2001 froze the number of seats in the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies based on the 1971 census until the first census after 2026.
• The 87^th Amendment Act of 2003 provided for the delimitation of constituencies based on the 2001 Census without changing the total number of seats.
• The primary objective of delimitation is to ensure one vote, one value by creating equal population segments across constituencies.

The correct answer is The funding for MGNREGA is shared equally between the Central and State Governments, with States responsible for wage payments.

Key Points

• The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), enacted in September 2005, legally guarantees at least 100 days of wage employment in a financial year to every rural household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• The Act contains a statutory provision for the payment of an unemployment allowance if the applicant is not provided with work within 15 days of applying for employment. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• The list of permissible works under Schedule I of the Act includes water conservation, afforestation, desilting of tanks, and creating infrastructure for agriculture and livestock. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
• The Central Government bears 100% of the unskilled wage cost and 75% of the material and semi-skilled/skilled wage cost, while State Governments contribute 25% of the material cost and pay the unemployment allowance. Hence, statement 4 is incorrect.

 Additional Information

• Core Objectives:
• To enhance livelihood security and create durable assets like wells, ponds, and roads in rural areas.
• To reduce rural-to-urban migration by providing local employment opportunities during lean agricultural seasons.
• Administrative Framework:
• Gram Panchayats are responsible for planning, implementing, and monitoring the works.
• The Social Audit mechanism is mandatory under the Act to ensure transparency and accountability in fund utilization.
• Priority is given to women, ensuring that at least one-third of the total beneficiaries are female workers.
• Constitutional Basis:
• It aligns with Article 41 of the Directive Principles of State Policy, which directs the State to secure the Right to Work.

The correct answer is Eskers are sinuous ridges of stratified sand and gravel deposited by subglacial meltwater streams flowing within ice tunnels, serving as evidence of former glacial drainage patterns.

Key Points

• Statement 1 describes these features as steep-sided ridges composed of till formed by subaerial erosion. In reality, eskers are glacio-fluvial landforms consisting of stratified drift (sorted layers) rather than unsorted glacial till. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
• Statement 2 correctly identifies eskers as sinuous ridges of stratified sand and gravel. These are deposited by subglacial meltwater streams flowing through ice tunnels or tubes at the base of stagnant or retreating glaciers. They act as a blueprint for reconstructing paleo-drainage systems. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• Statement 3 attributes the formation of eskers to wind action and loess deposits. Loess is an aeolian (wind-blown) silt deposit, whereas eskers are exclusively water-laid features found within glacial environments. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.
• Statement 4 links eskers to lateral morainic deposition and the maximum extent of a glacier. Lateral moraines form at the glacier margins from debris falling off the ice, while eskers are internal depositional features. Hence, statement 4 is incorrect.

 Additional Information

• Characteristics of Eskers:
• They typically range from a few meters to over 30 meters in height and can extend for hundreds of kilometers, often appearing as railway embankments across the landscape.
• The sediments are well-sorted due to the action of high-velocity meltwater flowing under hydrostatic pressure.
• Eskers usually run parallel to the direction of ice flow.
• Other Glacial Landforms:
• Kames: These are irregularly shaped mounds or isolated hills of stratified drift deposited in crevasses or depressions on the melting ice surface.
• Drumlins: These are asymmetrical, canoe-shaped hills composed of till that indicate the direction of ice movement.
• Moraines: These are accumulations of unstratified debris (till) deposited directly by the ice at its edges (lateral) or terminus (terminal/end).