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The correct answer is 1764.

Key Points

• The battle of Buxar was fought on 22^nd October 1764. This battle was crucial for Britishers since it provided them full control of Bengal and Bihar.
• It was fought between Hector Munro and the combined forces of Mir Qasim which included Shuja-ud-daula, Shah Alam II, etc.
• In this battle, the combined force of Mir Qasim was defeated.
• The Treaty of Allahabad was signed on 12 August 1765 between Robert Clive and Shah Alam II (Mughal emperor).
• Shah Alam II was forced to pay a fine of five million rupees.

Additional Information

• The battle of Buxar was the outcome of the misuse of Farman and Dastak, and also the trade expansionist aspiration of English.
• The seeds of the Battle of Buxar were sown after the Battle of Plassey when Mir Qasim became the Nawab of Bengal.
• In the Mughal force, there were 40,000 men in the battle of Buxar, while the English East India Company's Hector Munro's forces included 10,000 men.
• With the defeat of Mir Qasim, the rule of Nawabs came to an end.

The correct answer is Electrical Capacitance.

Key Points

• The Electrical Capacitance is expressed as the ratio of charge to a potential difference and its SI unit is Farad.
• Capacitance is expressed as the ratio of the electric charge on each conductor to the potential difference between them.
• The capacitance value of a capacitor is measured under Farad. The Farad is a large quantity of Capacitance.
• The capacitance of a conductor will be 1 farad if the charge of 1 coulomb raises the potential by 1 volt.

Important Points

Electrical Capacitance formula:

q = CV

q = charge

C = capacitance

V = voltage

Additional Information

The correct answer is 61^st.

Key Points

• 61^st Constitutional Amendment reduced the voting age from 21 years to 18 years for the Lok Sabha and state legislative assembly elections.
• This Act may be called the Constitution (Sixty-first Amendment) Act, 1988.
• Article 326 of the Constitution of India deals with elections to the Houses and to the State Legislative Assemblies on the basis of universal adult suffrage.
• The proposal to reduce the voting age to 18 years was brought about to increase the participation of the youth in the electoral process of the country.

Important Points

Additional Information

• The Constitution 61^st Act, 1988 was introduced in the Lok Sabha on 13^th December 1988 by the then Water Resources Minister B. Shankaranand.
• The bill received the presidential assent on 28^th March 1989 when then-President R Venkataraman assented it.
• This amendment Act was not ratified by 5 states at that time:
• Tamil Nadu.
• Tripura.
• Punjab.
• Nagaland.
• Jammu and Kashmir.

The correct answer is Vindhyas.

Key Points

• The Vindhyan range is located in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar.
• The Vindhya Range is a range of older rounded mountains and hills in the west-central Indian subcontinent.
• The Vindhya range is continued eastwards as the Bharner and Kaimur hills.
• The Vindhya range acts as a watershed between the Ganga system and the river systems of South India.
• The Vindhya Range geographically separates the Indian subcontinent into northern India and Southern India.

Additional Information

• The Sad-Bhawan Shikhar is the highest peak with an elevation of 2,467 feet.
• The Himalayas and the Vindhyas are both mentioned in the national anthem of India.

Important Points

The correct answer is 2019.

Key Points

• The government of India established the Central Consumer Protection Authority under the Consumer Protection Act 2019.
• The authority is being constituted under Section 10(1) of The Consumer Protection Act, 2019.
• The 2019 Act replaced The Consumer Protection Act, 1986, and seeks to widen its scope in addressing consumer concerns.
• The 2019 Act recognises offences such as providing false information regarding the quality or quantity of a good or service and misleading advertisements.
• This is not specified in the notification of the Act. Regarding food, an official said the CCPA will ensure that all standards on packaged food items set by regulators such as the FSSAI are being followed.
• Under Section 20 of The Consumer Protection Act, the proposed authority will have powers to recall goods or withdrawal of services that are dangerous, hazardous or unsafe.

Important Points

• For manufacture, selling, storage, distribution, or import of adulterated products, the penalties are:
• ​If an injury is not caused to a consumer, fine up to Rs 1 lakh with imprisonment up to six months.
• If an injury is caused, fine up to Rs 3 lakh with imprisonment up to one year.
• If grievous hurt is caused, fine up to Rs 5 lakh with imprisonment up to 7 years.
• In case of death, fine of Rs 10 lakh or more with a minimum imprisonment of 7 years, extendable to imprisonment for life.

The correct answer is 2004.

Key Points

• Market Stabilisation Scheme, which is an instrument for monetary management, was introduced in 2004.
• The Market Stabilization Scheme (MSS) is a monetary policy tool used by the RBI to manage the money supply in the economy.
• Market Stabilisation Scheme introduced because of During 2002-2004, there were huge capital inflows into India. This led to an appreciation of the rupee.
• The bills or bonds issued under MSS are known as Market Stabilisation bonds.
• Market Stabilisation Scheme is used when there is high liquidity in the system.

Additional Information

• The Market Stabilisation bonds are issued by way of auctions conducted by the Reserve Bank of India.
• The Reserve Bank decides and notifies the amount, tenure, and timing of issuance of such treasury bills and dated securities.
• The Reserve Bank first introduced MSS bonds in February 2004 when the country was flushed with dollar inflows, which needed to be converted into the rupee.

Important Points

• The money obtained under MSS should be kept with the RBI. It should not be transferred to the government.
• MSS, there is an MoU between the government and the RBI about the total limit of MSBs to be issued by the RBI during a year.
• The securities or bonds/t-bills issued under MSS are purchased by financial institutions.
• The money procured from selling bonds under MSS is kept with the RBI. At the same time, interest payments have to be given to the institutions that buy bonds.

The correct answer is Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.

• The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) is a regional economic forum established in 1989. It was founded by Bob Hawke.
• The main aim of the APEC is to promote open trade and to support sustainable economic growth and prosperity in the Asia-Pacific region.
• India is not a member of the APEC.
• APEC consists of 21 member economies which include Australia, Canada, China, Singapore, Russia, etc.
• The headquarters of the forum is in Singapore. The chairperson of the forum is Jacinda Ardern (2021), who is also the PM of New Zealand.

Important PointsImportant World Organizations:

The correct answer is IV.

Key Points

• Part IV  of the Indian Constitution deals with the Directive Principles of State Policy.
• Article 36-51 comes under  Part IV of the Indian Constitution.
• Important Articles of DPSP:
• ​Article 40: Organization of village panchayats.
• Article 43A: Participation of workers in the management of industries.
• Article 45: Provision for early childhood care and education to children below the age of six years.
• Article 49: Protection of monuments and places and objects of national importance.
• Article 50: Separation of judiciary from the executive.
• There are three types of Directive Principles of State Policy:
• ​Socialist.
• Gandhian.
• Liberal-Intellectual.

Important Points

• A new DPSP under Article 38 was added by the 44^th Amendment Act of 1978, which requires the State to minimize inequalities in income, status, facilities, and opportunities.
• The 86^th Amendment Act of 2002 changed the subject matter of Article 45 and made elementary education a fundamental right under Article 21A.
• A new DPSP under Article 43B was added by the 97^th Amendment Act of 2011 relating to co-operative societies.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Washington D. C.

Key Points

• International Monetary Fund headquarters is located at Washington D. C in the United States. It was founded in 1944.
• International Monetary Fund is an Organization of 190 countries.
• It is working to secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and economic growth and reduce poverty around the world.

Important Points

• The IMF was founded in July 1944 at the United Nations Bretton Woods Conference in New Hampshire, United States.
• Kristalina Ivanova Georgieva is a Bulgarian economist serving as chair and managing director of the International Monetary Fund since 2019.

Additional Information

The correct answer is South Africa.

Key Points

• The first T20I Men's Cricket world cup held in South Africa from 11 to 24 September 2007.
• In the first T20 World Cup, a total of 12 teams had participated.
• The First T20 World Cup Champion was the Indian cricket team and the Runner-up was Pakistan.

Important Points

• In the first T20 World Cup, the Man of the series was given to Shahid Afridi.
• Umar Gul had taken 13 wickets in this tournament and he was the highest wicket-taker in that tournament.
• Mathew Hyden has scored a total of 265 runs in the tournament and its highest individual score in the first world cup.
• The ICC Men's T20 World Cup is scheduled to take place in October and November 2022 in Australia.
• The current T20 World Cup Champions are West Indies, as of March 2021.

Additional Information