Search Previous Year Questions

The correct answer is the Microwave.

Key Points

• A microwave oven uses microwaves to heat food.
• In the case of microwave ovens, the commonly used radio wave frequency is roughly 2,500 megahertz (2.5 gigahertz).
• Radio waves in this frequency range absorbed by water, fats, and sugars. When they are absorbed they are converted directly into atomic motion or vibration.
• Therefore heavy motion or vibration is converted into heat.

Important Points

• Microwaves are not absorbed by most plastics, glass, or ceramics.
• The frequency of the Microwave equals the resonance frequency of water. Therefore foods could be heated up by the oscillation of water molecules.

Additional Information

• An Electric heater, Electric blub (with filament), Electric iron is the electrical device that converts an electric current into heat.
• They working on the principle of the Joule heating effect.
• An electric current passing through a resistor will convert that electrical energy into heat energy.

• Article 35A was introduced on 14 May 1954 under Article 370 of the Indian Constitution through The Constitution Order, 1954.
• It was issued by the then President, Dr. Rajendra Prasad on the advice of Jawaharlal Nehru.
• The order was passed as a subsequent to the '1952 Delhi Agreement' which dealt with the extension of Indian citizenship to the subjects of Jammu and Kashmir.
• Article 35A gave power to Jammu and Kashmir state's Legislature to define parameters on who can be permanent residents of the state and what privileges will be provided to them.

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

• National Space Day in India is celebrated on 23^rd August each year. Hence, option 3 is correct.
• Significance:
• The day commemorates the successful landing of India's Chandrayaan-3 mission on the Moon's southern pole on 23^rd August 2023.
• This made India the fourth country to land on the Moon and the first to land near the Moon's south pole.
• First Celebration:
• The inaugural National Space Day was celebrated on 23^rd August 2024.
• Theme for 2024:
• "Touching Lives while Touching the Moon: India's Space Saga", highlighting the impact of India's space missions on society and technology.
• Events and Activities:
• Various seminars, exhibitions, and mobile exhibitions (called "Space on Wheels") were held to educate the public about India's space achievements.

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

• GDP Growth Rate for India: The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has forecasted India's GDP growth rate for FY 2025-26 at 6.6%.
• This projection reflects India's robust economic recovery post-pandemic, driven by domestic consumption and investment.
• The 6.5% GDP growth estimate aligns with India’s position as one of the fastest-growing economies globally, supported by structural reforms and strong macroeconomic fundamentals.
• IMF’s projection takes into account global challenges such as inflation, geopolitical tensions, and supply chain disruptions, alongside India’s resilience to such factors.
• This forecast is slightly higher than the global average, indicating India’s strong economic trajectory in comparison to other major economies.

Additional Information

• What is GDP?
• GDP stands for Gross Domestic Product, which is the total monetary value of all goods and services produced within a country's borders over a specific period.
• It is an essential indicator of a nation’s economic health and growth trajectory.
• Factors Driving India's GDP Growth:
• Key contributors include domestic demand, infrastructure development, export performance, and foreign direct investment (FDI).
• Government initiatives such as Make in India, Digital India, and Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) schemes have boosted industrial and manufacturing sectors.
• IMF’s Role in Economic Forecasting:
• The International Monetary Fund (IMF) provides economic outlooks and policy recommendations for member nations.
• Its forecasts are based on extensive research, data analysis, and global economic trends.
• Challenges to Economic Growth:
• Global issues like inflation, rising energy prices, and geopolitical conflicts may pose risks to India’s growth trajectory.
• Domestic challenges such as unemployment, fiscal deficits, and rural distress also need to be addressed to sustain long-term growth.

The correct answer is Bahadur Shah Zafar.

Key Points

• The last Mughal emperor was, Bahadur Shah II or Bahadur Shah Zafar.
• Bahadur Shah Zafar was born on 24 October 1775 and was the twentieth and last Mughal Emperor of India and Urdu poet.
• He was the second son and the successor to his father, Akbar II, who died on 28 September 1837.
• He was a titular Emperor, as the Mughal Empire existed in name only, and his authority was limited only to the walled city of Old Delhi (Shahjahanabad).
• After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British exiled him from Delhi.
• Zafar died on Friday, 7 November 1862 during his exile in Rangoon, Burma.

The Correct answer is 9.8 m/s².

Key Points

• The acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the Earth is 9.8 m/s².
• This value represents the acceleration that objects experience when falling freely towards the Earth.
• The value of 9.8 m/s² is derived from the gravitational constant (G) and the mass and radius of the Earth.
• Gravity is a force that attracts two bodies towards each other, and it is crucial for maintaining the orbits of planets and satellites.
• The standard value of 9.8 m/s² is used in various calculations in physics and engineering, such as projectile motion and free-fall equations.
• The unit of acceleration due to gravity is meters per second squared (m/s²).

The correct answer is Retrovirus.

Key Points

• Retroviruses are widely used as vectors in genetic engineering due to their ability to integrate their genetic material into the host genome.
• These viruses have RNA as their genetic material, which is reverse-transcribed into DNA by the enzyme reverse transcriptase.
• In genetic engineering, retroviral vectors are modified to remove their pathogenic genes while retaining the ability to deliver the gene of interest into host cells.
• Retroviral vectors are commonly used in gene therapy applications, particularly for treating genetic disorders and cancer.
• They are useful for stable, long-term expression of the transgene in dividing cells, making them ideal for research and therapeutic purposes.

Additional Information

• Rhabdovirus
• Rhabdoviruses are a family of viruses that include the rabies virus, which primarily affects mammals.
• These viruses are characterized by their bullet-shaped structure and single-stranded RNA genome.
• Rhabdoviruses are not used in genetic engineering due to their pathogenic nature and limited ability to integrate genetic material into the host genome.
• Morbillivirus
• Morbillivirus is a genus of viruses that includes measles virus and canine distemper virus.
• These viruses are highly contagious and primarily affect humans and animals, causing severe illnesses.
• They are not commonly used as vectors in genetic engineering due to their pathogenic effects and inability to deliver foreign genes effectively.
• Rotavirus
• Rotavirus is a double-stranded RNA virus that causes severe diarrhea, primarily in infants and young children.
• It is not used as a vector in genetic engineering because it lacks the ability to integrate genetic material into host cells.
• Rotavirus research mainly focuses on vaccine development rather than genetic engineering applications.

The correct answer is Conduction.

Key Points

Conduction: 

• The heat transfer through direct physical contact is known as conduction.
• Heat transferred from one end to other end is called conduction.
• Heat transfer through conduction can only happen in conductors of heat like iron, copper etc.
• Heat transfer do not take place across insulators like wood, plastic etc.

Radiation: 

• When electromagnetic radiation is emitted or absorbed to transfer the heat or When heat is transferred in the form of electromagnetic waves is known as radiation.
• Electromagnetic radiation includes microwaves, radio waves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, gamma rays, and X-rays.
• The method does not require any medium so heat from the sun reaches us by this method.

Convection

• It is heat transfer by the movement of its molecules.
• It occurs only in fluids (liquid and gas) not in solids because solid particles can not move from one place to another.
• For example, in a pot boiling water on the stove, or in thunderstorms, where hot air rises up to the base of the clouds.

Conclusion

The process by which heat is transferred from the hotter end to the colder end of an object is known as conduction. 

In convection, the heat transfer take place through transfer of molecules while radiation takes place through electromagnetic waves.

The correct answer is 10 May.

Key Points

• The Sepoy Revolt of 1857, also known as the First War of Indian Independence, started on May 10, 1857.
• The introduction of the Enfield rifle with cartridges rumored to be greased with cow and pig fat offended both Hindu and Muslim sepoys.
• The Governor-General of India in 1857 was Lord Canning.
• The first notable person to die in the Sepoy Revolt of 1857 was Mangal Pandey.

Additional Information 

The correct answer is 8,848.86 metres.

Key Points

• The new officially recognized height of Mount Everest is 8,848.86 metres, as jointly announced by Nepal and China in December 2020.
• Previously, the globally accepted height was 8,848 metres, as determined by the Survey of India in 1954.
• The updated figure includes the snow cap on the summit, whereas earlier measurements focused on the rock base.
• The measurement was a collaborative effort between Nepalese and Chinese surveyors, marking the first time Nepal conducted its own survey of the peak.
• The announcement of the new height resolved longstanding disagreements between Nepal and China regarding the summit’s measurement.

Additional Information

• Mount Everest:
• Mount Everest is the highest peak in the world, located in the Himalayan range on the border between Nepal and China (Tibet).
• It is known as Sagarmatha in Nepal and Chomolungma in Tibet.
• Survey Methods:
• Modern technology like GPS and radar was used in the recent surveys to ensure accuracy.
• China used Beidou Satellite System, while Nepal employed traditional and modern surveying techniques.
• Environmental Factors:
• Mount Everest’s height can be affected by tectonic activity, including earthquakes and the movement of the Indian Plate.
• The 2015 Nepal earthquake may have caused slight changes in the peak’s elevation.
• Historical Expeditions:
• Mount Everest was first summited by Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay on May 29, 1953.
• It remains one of the most sought-after peaks for mountaineers worldwide.