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The correct answer is Subash Chandra Bose.

Key Points

• Subash Chandra Bose
• Subash Chandra Bose founded the Forward Bloc political party.
• He was an Indian nationalist, popularly known as 'Netaji'.
• In 1921, he joined the nationalist movement led by Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Congress.
• Bose has written a book named the 'Indian Struggle'.

Important Points

• Forward Bloc
• The All India Forward Bloc is a left-wing nationalist political party.
• It was a faction within the Indian National Congress led by Subhash Chandra Bose.
• The party was formed in the year 1939.
• The current Secretary-General of the party is Debabrata Biswas.
• The aim of the party was to develop an alternative leadership inside Congress.
• The first conference of the party was held in Nagpur.

Additional Information

The Correct answer is Western Ghats Orographic effect.

The correct answer is deoxyribonucleic acid.

Key Points

• Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the primary hereditary material in the cells of our body.
• DNA carries the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.
• DNA is made up of molecules called nucleotides. Each nucleotide contains a phosphate group, a sugar group, and a nitrogen base.
• The four types of nitrogen bases are adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C). The order of these bases is what determines DNA's instructions, or genetic code.
• DNA is found in the cell nucleus (nuclear DNA) and in the mitochondria (mitochondrial DNA).
• Every person's DNA is unique, which is why it is often used in forensic science to identify individuals.

 Additional Information

• Sulphuric Acid
• Sulphuric acid is a highly corrosive strong mineral acid with the molecular formula H₂SO₄.
• It is widely used in chemical synthesis and industrial processes.
• Ribonucleic Acid
• Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes.
• RNA is structurally similar to DNA, but it contains the sugar ribose instead of deoxyribose and has the base uracil instead of thymine.
• Oxalic Acid
• Oxalic acid is an organic compound with the formula C₂H₂O₄.
• It is found in many plants and vegetables like spinach and rhubarb.

The correct answer is CaCO₃.

Explanation:

• The chemical name of marble is calcium carbonate.
• It has the chemical formula CaCO₃ and is an inorganic chemical compound.

Ca(OH)₂ (aq) + CO₂ (g) → CaCO₃ (s) + H₂O (l)

• Calcium hydroxide slowly reacts with the carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the air to form a thin layer of calcium carbonate on the walls.
• Calcium carbonate is formed after two to three days of whitewashing and gives a shiny finish to the walls.
• Calcium carbonate is a non-toxic, odourless chemical compound that occurs naturally as a white mineral in marbles, limestones, and chalks.
• It is one of the most abundant minerals found in the crust of the earth.

Thus, chemical formula of marble is CaCO3.

The correct answer is Periscope

Key Points

• Periscope:
• It is an optical instrument present in submarines generally to view objects that are above the level of direct sight or present in a place where vision is obstructed.
• It consists of a tube with many prisms, lenses, and mirrors arranged in a specific manner.
• A periscope is used in submarines to view the surroundings outside the water while being inside the water.
• The mirrors are arranged inside a periscope in such a way that it allows the observer to see his surrounding while remaining submerged.

Additional Information

• Kaleidoscope: A kaleidoscope is used to form symmetrical patterns by exploiting the concept of multiple reflections.
• Telescope​
• A telescope is an optical device designed to observe distant objects, primarily in space (e.g., stars, planets, and galaxies).
• It uses lenses or mirrors to collect and focus light.
• Telescopes are great for stargazing and require a steady setup, often with a tripod.
• They have high magnification but a narrow field of view.
• Binoculars
• Binoculars are a pair of optical lenses used for viewing objects at a distance.
• They are portable, lightweight, and easy to use.
• Ideal for birdwatching, wildlife observation, and even some basic stargazing.
• They offer a wider field of view compared to telescopes but lower magnification.

CONCEPT:

Alum and Its Chemical Formula

• Alum is a chemical compound that is commonly used as an astringent to stop bleeding from minor cuts or abrasions.
• It is a double sulfate of potassium and aluminum, and its chemical formula is KAl(SO₄)₂ · 12H₂O.
• The term "alum" typically refers to potassium alum, which is the most commonly used form of alum.

EXPLANATION:

• The chemical formula of potassium alum is:

KAl(SO₄)₂ · 12H₂O

• This formula indicates that potassium alum consists of:
• One potassium (K) ion
• One aluminum (Al) ion
• Two sulfate (SO₄) ions
• 12 molecules of water of crystallization (12H₂O)
• Potassium alum is used in first aid because of its ability to constrict blood vessels and coagulate proteins, which helps in stopping bleeding.

Therefore, the chemical formula of alum commonly used to stop bleeding is KAl(SO₄)₂ · 12H₂O.

The correct answer is Joint where our neck joins the head.

 Key Points

• A joint is the part of the body where two or more bones meet in order to allow movement.
• In general, the more the range of movement, the higher the risk of injury because the strength of the joint is reduced due to more range of movement.
• There are a total of three broad classes of joints which are-

1. Immovable Joints – in which the two or more bones are in close contact, but no movement can occur – for example, the bones of the skull.
2. Slightly movable – in this joint two or more bones are held together so tightly that only limited movement is permitted – for example, the vertebrae of the spine
3. Freely movable – most joints of the human body are of this type. The purpose of this joint to allow movement of the bones.

 Additional Information

• The six types of a freely movable joint include

1. Ball and Socket- example-  such as the hip joint or shoulder joint.
2. Saddle- example- joint at the base of the thumb.
3. Hinge-  example- the knee and elbow joints.
4. Condyloid- for example- the jaw or finger joints.
5. Pivot- example- the joint between the first and second vertebrae in the neck.
6. Gliding/Plane- example- wrist joints.

       The Below Image shows the type of joints and their position in the body.

The correct answer is 1^st July 2017.

Important Points

• The GST was passed on 1^st July 2017.
• State Legislatures of different States have passed respective State Goods and Services Tax Bills. After the enactment of various GST laws, GST was launched with effect from 1^st July 2017 by our Prime Minister Narendra Modi, in the presence of Sh. Pranab Mukherjee, the then President of India in a midnight function at the Central Hall of Parliament of India.

Additional Information 

• On 19^th December 2014, The Constitution (122^nd Amendment) Bill 2014 was introduced in the Lok Sabha and was passed by Lok Sabha in May 2015.
• The Bill was passed by the Rajya Sabha on 3^rd August 2016 and by the Lok Sabha on 8^th August 2016. After ratification by the required number of State legislatures and assent of the President, the Constitutional amendment was notified as Constitution (101^st Amendment) Act 2016 on 8^th September 2016. The Constitutional amendment paved the way for the introduction of Goods and Services Tax in India.

The correct answer is Union Public Service Commission.

Key Points

• Union Public Service Commission is not a statutory body it is a Constitutional Body.
• Statutory body:
• Such bodies as are established under a statute or an Act of Parliament
• e.g. Central Vigilance Commission, Central Information Commission, Central Board of Film Certification, etc.

Additional Information

• Public Sector Undertakings:
• Public Sector Undertakings have been set up by Government in the form of companies or corporations in which the majority shares are held by the President of India or his nominees.
• PSU's are managed by the Board of Directors, which includes officials and non-officials
• E.g. BHEL, NTPC, ONGC, etc.
• Constitutional Bodies:
• Such bodies are established under the provisions of the Constitution of India.
• E.g. Union Public Service Commission, Election Commission, Comptroller and Auditor General of India etc.

Important Points

• Union Public Service Commission: (As of April 2023)
• Founded: 1 October 1926
• Chairperson: Dr. Ajay Kumar
• Headquarters: Dholpur House, New Delhi
• Minister responsible:  Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances, and Pensions
• Articles: 315 to 323.

The correct answer is 46.

Key Points

• Every cell in the human body contains 23 pairs of such chromosomes; our diploid number is therefore 46, our 'haploid' number 23.
• Of the 23 pairs, 22 are known as autosomes.
• The chromosome is the fibrous nodules found in the cells of all flora and fauna, which determine and transmit all the genetic properties.
• The number of chromosomes in each species remains fixed.
• The main function of the chromosome is to carry genes.
• Chromosomes are like long strands of DNA, consisting of many genes.
• Females have two 'X' chromosomes, while males have one 'X' and one 'Y' chromosome each.